WO1984002875A1 - A method of producing an optical component, and components formed thereby - Google Patents

A method of producing an optical component, and components formed thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984002875A1
WO1984002875A1 PCT/GB1984/000020 GB8400020W WO8402875A1 WO 1984002875 A1 WO1984002875 A1 WO 1984002875A1 GB 8400020 W GB8400020 W GB 8400020W WO 8402875 A1 WO8402875 A1 WO 8402875A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
glass
key coat
coating
mbar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1984/000020
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Dennis William Robinson
Original Assignee
Spafax Holdings Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spafax Holdings Plc filed Critical Spafax Holdings Plc
Priority to GB08503825A priority Critical patent/GB2152703B/en
Priority to NL8420019A priority patent/NL8420019A/en
Publication of WO1984002875A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984002875A1/en
Priority to DK458684A priority patent/DK161754C/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00605—Production of reflex reflectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00596—Mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of producing an optical component and components produced thereby. It is known to use synthetic plastics materials for optical components and these have several advantages over traditional glass and crystalline materials, such as resis- ⁇ tance to thermal and mechanical shocks, lower production costs, reduced weight and greater design flexibility. Such plastics optical components are however, vulnerable to sur ⁇ face damage by abrasion, scratching and environmental con ⁇ ditions which often impair their function.
  • SM ' OMFI opaque plastics material usually acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene copolymers. This method is very costly and prone to production problems. It also produces a mirror-like product of lower reflectivity than is achieved by conven- tional silver or aluminium surfaces. Despite the use of a relatively inert plastics base material for the mirror the multi-metal layer electroplating process can also give rise to troublesome electrolytic corrosion problems when the mirror is exposed to adverse environmental conditions.
  • a further technique involves thermal evaporation of aluminium on to the rear surface of an already coated transparent plastics material, the coating of which is abrasion resist ⁇ ant to a degreee and previously deposited by a separate and costly wet chemical process. Articles produced by this technique are limited by the size, shape and configuration of the basic coated plastics materials, usually in flat- sheet form, and are expensive by virtue of the multi-stage production methods involved.
  • Vacuum assisted metal deposition onto untreated plastics material followed by a wet chemical coating process to confer abrasion resistance is also known but this is again costly and prone to optical faults.
  • a method of making an optical component having specular re ⁇ flective properties from plastics material comprises apply ⁇ ing to the plastics material a face layer of hard glass or a substance having hard glass-like properties and subsequently
  • the plastics material is preferably subject to a degreasing operation prior to applying the face layer, and the degreasing operation may -be carried out by subjecting the plastics material to vapourdegreasing in a fluorocarbon solvent and the material is then transferred to an ultra- sonically vibrated solution of the same solvent.
  • a molecular cleaning operation is performed in a vacuum vessel after the degreasing operation.
  • the face layer may be formed by applying a key coat layer of oxides of the material used for the spec ⁇ ular reflective material.
  • the key coat layer may be applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation in a vacuum vessel in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon at a pressure
  • the vacuum vessel may be reduced to 1 x 10 ⁇ mbar pressure and argon gas is introduced until the pressure reaches 5 x 10 -4 mbar, oxygen then being added until the pressure
  • the key coat is immediately applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation using a target of the metal to be deposited on the key coat layer.
  • the key coat layer is preferably of the order of 0.5 - 1.0 microns thick.
  • the coating of reflective material may then be applied directly to the key coat layer and in this case the reflec ⁇ tive material may be applied by a DC magnetron sputtering operation.
  • the coating of specular reflective material is chromium, and in which case the key coat layer is preferably a thin layer of oxides of chromium of between 0.5 to 1.0 microns thick.
  • the coating of specular reflective material is aluminium, in which case the key coat layer is preferably a thin layer of oxides of aluminium of between 0.5 and 1.0 microns thick.
  • a hard abrasive resistant coat may also be applied to the aluminium, and in this case a top coat may be applied by means of a layer of dielectric oxide of between 0.5 and 5.0 microns thick.
  • the face layer may be formed by an in situ glass making opera- tion by co-reacting under plasma activated conditions typi ⁇ cal glass making chemicals such as a calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon. Such chemicals may be brought into a reactive state by bombardment with a high energy beam of electrons.
  • the invention also includes within its scope an op ⁇ tical component formed by the method set forth.
  • an opti ⁇ cal component having specular reflective properties comprises a platics material having a face layer thereon of glass or a substance having glass like properties and a specular layer of reflective material coated thereon.
  • the plastics base material comprises a pol condensate polymer prepared by the interaction of a polyhydroxy compound with a carbonic acid derivative, typi ⁇ cally the reaction product of bis-phenol-A with either phosgene or diphenyl carbonate which is available commercial ⁇ ly under the Trade Name "Lexan” polycarbonate and manufact ⁇ ured by the General Electric Co. U.S.A.
  • An appropriate shape and size may be obtained either by a conventional thermo ⁇ plastics injection process or by cutting to a given, desired profile from precision manufactured extruded sheet.
  • the base material is vapour degreased in a fluoro- carbon solvent, typically "Arklon” P (ICI) for three minutes, then transferred to an ultrasonically vibrated heated solu ⁇ tion of the same solvent for a further three minutes for cleaning. A final vapour degreasing of three minutes dura ⁇ tion may be given.
  • the plastics material is then transferred to an appropriate location jig in a process vacuum vessel, this operation being carried out under strictconditions of cleanliness.
  • the vacuum vessel is sealed and pumped out to a pressure of 1 x 10 mbar. Argon is-then introduced until the pressure rises to 1 x 10 " mbar.
  • a voltage of 1.5 kilovolts AC is then applied to electrodes situated within the vacuum vessel and in close proximinity to the base plas- -tics material surface which is to be processed.
  • the glow discharge so initiated is held for a period of up to 20 minutes during which the plastics surface receives a 'mole ⁇ cular cleaning" and which treatment in effect although termed
  • O PI cleaning provides a surface treatment which makes it more receptive to receive the coatinglayer as described below.
  • a magnetron sputtering operation using a chromium target is then initiated within the vacuum chamber and the charged chromium atoms interact reactively with oxygen so as to deposit thekey coat layer of chromium oxides onto the surface of the adjacent polycarbonate.
  • This layer consists of one or more oxides of chromium and possibly also the metal itself.
  • the layer is preferably 0.5 - 1.0 microns thick.
  • the oxygen supply is then discontinued and a coven- tional DC magnetron sputtering of chromium initiated at target power density levels which gradually increase from W/cm 2 to 12 /cm2.
  • This gradual deposition of chromium onto the chromium oxide key coat layer ensures that a stress- free film is deposited. It is known in the art that thin layers of chromium are prone to either compressive or tensile stresses and care is necessary at this stage. Typically a reflective layer thickness of from 0.5 to 5.0 microns is applied.
  • OMP it is not limited thereto.
  • a more highly reflective alumium mirror can be produced in a similar manner with a reactively sput ⁇ tered aluminium layer which would be similar to the chro - ium layer and consist of alumium oxides and possible alu ⁇ minium metal itself, followed by a layer of alumium metal.
  • a softer metal such as this, it may be neces ⁇ sary to apply a hard abrasion resistant top coat of a die ⁇ lectric oxide such as an oxide of silicon either by sputter- ing with the assistance of an RF field or by an electron beam evaporation. Both techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a typical thickness range for this top coat would be 0.5 to 5.0 microns.
  • the glass or glass-like top coat layers may be formed in a variety of ways such as by means of an in situ glass making operation by co-reacting under plasma acti ⁇ vation conditions typical glass making chemicals such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon.
  • typical glass making chemicals such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon.
  • conventional calcium/sodium/silicon glass may be formed on the surface of the plastics material.
  • Alterna ⁇ tively alumino/silicon glass films and lead glass films can also be made in a similar way.
  • Another method for depositing a glass layer is by the direct in vacuo vaporization of an already formed glass material e.g. borosilicate glass using electron beams or conventional electrical heating devices to induce vaporization.
  • so called filled plastics material such as glass-filled, talc and chalk-filled, or
  • O PI other mineral filled polypropylene materials are primarily designed to reduce cost and improve properties, the filler component can be co-reacted with substances in a vacuum chamber to improve bonding of the glass anchor coating.

Abstract

A method of making an optical component having specular reflective properties from plastics material comprising applying to the plastics material a face layer of hard glass or a substance having hard glasslike properties and subsequently applying to the face layer a coating of specular reflective material.

Description

A METHOD OF PRODUCING AN OPTICAL COMPONENT, AND COMPONENTS ' FORMED THEREBY
This invention relates to a method of producing an optical component and components produced thereby. It is known to use synthetic plastics materials for optical components and these have several advantages over traditional glass and crystalline materials, such as resis- ■ tance to thermal and mechanical shocks, lower production costs, reduced weight and greater design flexibility. Such plastics optical components are however, vulnerable to sur¬ face damage by abrasion, scratching and environmental con¬ ditions which often impair their function.
It is knownthat transparent scratch resistant layers may be deposited on to plastics material surfaces by dip- coating, ultra violet polymerisation and varnishing. Addi¬ tional processing and end product problems are created, such as lack of thickness uniformity, variable adhesion to the plastic sub-strate gel formation on curing the coating and it is also generally expensive to produce at commercial- ly acceptable efficiencies. The coating can be very speci¬ fic to a particular plastic and deposition directly over metallic reflective finishes on the plastics material can present many problems.
Thereare many optical applications where it is re- quired to produce an abrasion-resistant specular reflective finish onplastics material substrates.
This can be achieved in a number of ways including electro-chemical deposition of a hard reflective metal such as chromium or nickel onto the front surface of a clear or
SM ' OMFI opaque plastics material, usually acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene copolymers. This method is very costly and prone to production problems. It also produces a mirror-like product of lower reflectivity than is achieved by conven- tional silver or aluminium surfaces. Despite the use of a relatively inert plastics base material for the mirror the multi-metal layer electroplating process can also give rise to troublesome electrolytic corrosion problems when the mirror is exposed to adverse environmental conditions. A further technique involves thermal evaporation of aluminium on to the rear surface of an already coated transparent plastics material, the coating of which is abrasion resist¬ ant to a degreee and previously deposited by a separate and costly wet chemical process. Articles produced by this technique are limited by the size, shape and configuration of the basic coated plastics materials, usually in flat- sheet form, and are expensive by virtue of the multi-stage production methods involved.
Vacuum assisted metal deposition onto untreated plastics material followed by a wet chemical coating process to confer abrasion resistance is also known but this is again costly and prone to optical faults.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above drawbacks. According to one aspect of the present invention a method of making an optical component having specular re¬ flective properties from plastics material comprises apply¬ ing to the plastics material a face layer of hard glass or a substance having hard glass-like properties and subsequently
- applying to the face layer a coating of specular reflective material.
The plastics material is preferably subject to a degreasing operation prior to applying the face layer, and the degreasing operation may -be carried out by subjecting the plastics material to vapourdegreasing in a fluorocarbon solvent and the material is then transferred to an ultra- sonically vibrated solution of the same solvent.
Preferably also a molecular cleaning operation is performed in a vacuum vessel after the degreasing operation. Subsequently the face layer may be formed by applying a key coat layer of oxides of the material used for the spec¬ ular reflective material. The key coat layer may be applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation in a vacuum vessel in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon at a pressure
_3 in the region of 2 x 10 mbar.
Immediately after the molecular cleaning operation the vacuum vessel may be reduced to 1 x 10~ mbar pressure and argon gas is introduced until the pressure reaches 5 x 10 -4 mbar, oxygen then being added until the pressure
_3 has risen to 2 x 10 mbar.
The key coat is immediately applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation using a target of the metal to be deposited on the key coat layer. The key coat layer is preferably of the order of 0.5 - 1.0 microns thick.
The coating of reflective material may then be applied directly to the key coat layer and in this case the reflec¬ tive material may be applied by a DC magnetron sputtering operation. In one arrangement the coating of specular reflective material is chromium, and in which case the key coat layer is preferably a thin layer of oxides of chromium of between 0.5 to 1.0 microns thick. In an alternative arrangement the coating of specular reflective material is aluminium, in which case the key coat layer is preferably a thin layer of oxides of aluminium of between 0.5 and 1.0 microns thick. In the latter case a hard abrasive resistant coat may also be applied to the aluminium, and in this case a top coat may be applied by means of a layer of dielectric oxide of between 0.5 and 5.0 microns thick.
In another alternative according to the invention the face layer may be formed by an in situ glass making opera- tion by co-reacting under plasma activated conditions typi¬ cal glass making chemicals such as a calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon. Such chemicals may be brought into a reactive state by bombardment with a high energy beam of electrons. The invention also includes within its scope an op¬ tical component formed by the method set forth.
According to another aspect of the invention an opti¬ cal component having specular reflective properties comprises a platics material having a face layer thereon of glass or a substance having glass like properties and a specular layer of reflective material coated thereon.
The invention may be performed in various ways and one specific emodiment will now be described by way of example. In this example the plastics base material comprises a pol condensate polymer prepared by the interaction of a polyhydroxy compound with a carbonic acid derivative, typi¬ cally the reaction product of bis-phenol-A with either phosgene or diphenyl carbonate which is available commercial¬ ly under the Trade Name "Lexan" polycarbonate and manufact¬ ured by the General Electric Co. U.S.A. An appropriate shape and size may be obtained either by a conventional thermo¬ plastics injection process or by cutting to a given, desired profile from precision manufactured extruded sheet.
The base material is vapour degreased in a fluoro- carbon solvent, typically "Arklon" P (ICI) for three minutes, then transferred to an ultrasonically vibrated heated solu¬ tion of the same solvent for a further three minutes for cleaning. A final vapour degreasing of three minutes dura¬ tion may be given. The plastics material is then transferred to an appropriate location jig in a process vacuum vessel, this operation being carried out under strictconditions of cleanliness. The vacuum vessel is sealed and pumped out to a pressure of 1 x 10 mbar. Argon is-then introduced until the pressure rises to 1 x 10" mbar. A voltage of 1.5 kilovolts AC is then applied to electrodes situated within the vacuum vessel and in close proximinity to the base plas- -tics material surface which is to be processed. The glow discharge so initiated is held for a period of up to 20 minutes during which the plastics surface receives a 'mole¬ cular cleaning" and which treatment in effect although termed
O PI cleaning provides a surface treatment which makes it more receptive to receive the coatinglayer as described below. After the molecular cleaing a reactive oxidation process to provide a key coat face layer is carried out as
_5 follows. The vessel is re-pumped to 1 x 10 mbar pressure and argon gas is introduced until the pressure reaches 5 x 10 -4 mbar. Oxygen is then added until the pressure
_3 has risen to 2 x 10 mbar.
A magnetron sputtering operation using a chromium target is then initiated within the vacuum chamber and the charged chromium atoms interact reactively with oxygen so as to deposit thekey coat layer of chromium oxides onto the surface of the adjacent polycarbonate. This layer consists of one or more oxides of chromium and possibly also the metal itself. The layer is preferably 0.5 - 1.0 microns thick.
The oxygen supply is then discontinued and a coven- tional DC magnetron sputtering of chromium initiated at target power density levels which gradually increase from W/cm 2 to 12 /cm2. This gradual deposition of chromium onto the chromium oxide key coat layer ensures thata stress- free film is deposited. It is known in the art that thin layers of chromium are prone to either compressive or tensile stresses and care is necessary at this stage. Typically a reflective layer thickness of from 0.5 to 5.0 microns is applied.
Although the invention has been described with ref¬ erence to chromium oxides and a chromium multi-layer system
OMP it is not limited thereto.
For example a more highly reflective alumium mirror can be produced in a similar manner with a reactively sput¬ tered aluminium layer which would be similar to the chro - ium layer and consist of alumium oxides and possible alu¬ minium metal itself, followed by a layer of alumium metal. In the case of a softer metal such as this, it may be neces¬ sary to apply a hard abrasion resistant top coat of a die¬ lectric oxide such as an oxide of silicon either by sputter- ing with the assistance of an RF field or by an electron beam evaporation. Both techniques are well known to those skilled in the art. A typical thickness range for this top coat would be 0.5 to 5.0 microns.
Alternatively the glass or glass-like top coat layers may be formed in a variety of ways such as by means of an in situ glass making operation by co-reacting under plasma acti¬ vation conditions typical glass making chemicals such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon. By this method conventional calcium/sodium/silicon glass may be formed on the surface of the plastics material. Alterna¬ tively alumino/silicon glass films and lead glass films can also be made in a similar way. Another method for depositing a glass layer is by the direct in vacuo vaporization of an already formed glass material e.g. borosilicate glass using electron beams or conventional electrical heating devices to induce vaporization.
It is also possible to use so called filled plastics material such as glass-filled, talc and chalk-filled, or
O PI other mineral filled polypropylene materials. Although these fillers are primarily designed to reduce cost and improve properties, the filler component can be co-reacted with substances in a vacuum chamber to improve bonding of the glass anchor coating.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A method of making an optical component having spec¬ ular reflective properties from plastics material comprising applying to the plastics material a face layer of hard glass or a substance having hard glasslike properties and subse¬ quently applying to the face layer a coating of specular reflective material.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the plastics material is subject to a degreasing operation prior to ap- plying the face layer.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 in which the degreas¬ ing operation is carried out by subjecting the plastics material to vapour degreasing in a fluorocarbon solvent and the material is then transferred to an ultrasonically vibrated heated solution of the same solvent.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 in which a molecular cleaning operation is performed in a vacuum vessel after the degreasing operation.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 in which subsequent to the molecular cleaning operation the face layer is form¬ ed by applying a key coat layer of oxides of the material used to form the specular reflective material.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 in which the key coat is applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation in a vacuum vessel in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon at a
_3 pressure in the region of 2 x 10 mbar.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 in which immediately after the molecular cleaning the vacuum vessel is reduced to 1 x 10~ mbar pressure and argon gas is introduced until the pressure reaches 5 x 10 -4 mbar, oxygen then being added until the pressure has risen to 2 x 10~ mbar.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7 in which the key coat layer is applied by means of a magnetron sputtering operation using a targetof the metal to be deposited to form the key coat layer.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 in which the key coat layer is 0.5 to 1.0 microns thick.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 in which the coating of reflective material is applied directly to the key coat layer.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10 in which the reflec¬ tive material is applied by a DC magnetron sputtering operation.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 in which the coating of specular reflective material is chromium.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12 in which the key coat layer is a thin layer of oxides of chromium of be¬ tween 0.5 to 1.0 microns thick.
14. A method as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 in which the coating of specular reflective material is aluminium.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14 in which the key coat layer is a thin layer of oxides of alumium of between 0.5 and 1.0 microns thick.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15 in which a hard abrasion resistant top coat is applied to the aluminium,
17. A method as claimed in claim 16 in which the top coat is applied by means of a layer of dielectric oxide of be¬ tween 0.5 and 5.0 microns thick.
18. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the face layer is formed by an in situ glass making operation by co-reacting under plasma activated conditions typical glass making chemicals such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and oxides of silicon.
19. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 in which the face layer is formed by the direct in vacuo vaporization of an already formed glass material using electron beams or conventional electrical heating devices to induce vaporization.
20. An optical component formed by the method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
21. An optical component having specular reflective properties comprising a plastics material having a face layer thereon of glass or a substance having glass-like properties and a specular layer of reflective material coated thereon.
PCT/GB1984/000020 1983-01-26 1984-01-25 A method of producing an optical component, and components formed thereby WO1984002875A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08503825A GB2152703B (en) 1983-01-26 1984-01-25 A method of producing an optical component, and components formed thereby
NL8420019A NL8420019A (en) 1983-01-26 1984-01-25 METHOD FOR MAKING AN OPTICAL COMPONENT AND COMPONENTS INCLUDING HEREBY
DK458684A DK161754C (en) 1983-01-26 1984-09-25 PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING AN OPTICAL COMPONENT

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB838302165A GB8302165D0 (en) 1983-01-26 1983-01-26 Producing optical component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984002875A1 true WO1984002875A1 (en) 1984-08-02

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ID=10536991

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PCT/GB1984/000020 WO1984002875A1 (en) 1983-01-26 1984-01-25 A method of producing an optical component, and components formed thereby

Country Status (20)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60500502A (en)
AU (1) AU576487B2 (en)
BE (1) BE898767A (en)
CA (1) CA1246370A (en)
CH (1) CH665488A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3490033T1 (en)
DK (1) DK161754C (en)
ES (1) ES8501536A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2539881B1 (en)
GB (2) GB8302165D0 (en)
GR (1) GR81664B (en)
IE (1) IE55013B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1173135B (en)
NL (1) NL8420019A (en)
NO (1) NO843782L (en)
PH (1) PH23007A (en)
PT (1) PT78009B (en)
SE (1) SE453737B (en)
WO (1) WO1984002875A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA84518B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994009914A1 (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-05-11 G&E Associates, Llc Lamp reflector
EP2170589A1 (en) * 2007-07-04 2010-04-07 Theta Optics LTD OY Method and equipment for producing an optical piece

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011007557B4 (en) 2011-04-16 2023-09-28 EvoChem Advanced Materials GmbH Process for increasing the smudge resistance or scratch resistance of plastic surfaces

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GB1011977A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-12-01 Philips Electronic Associated Improvements in or relating to metal reflectors
US3530055A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-09-22 Ibm Formation of layers of solids on substrates
FR2051774A1 (en) * 1969-07-16 1971-04-09 Balzers Patent Beteilig Ag Mirror surface for optical purposes
US4022947A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-10 Airco, Inc. Transparent panel having high reflectivity for solar radiation and a method for preparing same
DE2833133A1 (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-07 Glasplakatefabrik Offenburg Fr Plastics looking glass with publicity information - comprises acrylic! sheet laminated with glass and silver-coating, and with advertisement slogan
EP0011742A1 (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke GmbH Method for the metallization of surfaces of plastics objects
DE3017713A1 (en) * 1980-05-08 1981-11-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Metallising polymer films - by sputtering adhesion promoting layer onto film and then vacuum depositing metal, used for resistance layers

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JPS4958171A (en) * 1972-10-06 1974-06-05
JPS5216586A (en) * 1975-07-30 1977-02-07 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd Surface-treated product of plastics and its preparation
JPS5713405A (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-23 Nhk Spring Co Ltd Reflecting mirror and its manufacture

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1002584B (en) * 1940-12-14 1957-02-14 Dr Georg Hass Process for improving the adhesive strength of metallic coatings
GB1011977A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-12-01 Philips Electronic Associated Improvements in or relating to metal reflectors
US3530055A (en) * 1968-08-26 1970-09-22 Ibm Formation of layers of solids on substrates
FR2051774A1 (en) * 1969-07-16 1971-04-09 Balzers Patent Beteilig Ag Mirror surface for optical purposes
US4022947A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-10 Airco, Inc. Transparent panel having high reflectivity for solar radiation and a method for preparing same
DE2833133A1 (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-07 Glasplakatefabrik Offenburg Fr Plastics looking glass with publicity information - comprises acrylic! sheet laminated with glass and silver-coating, and with advertisement slogan
EP0011742A1 (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke GmbH Method for the metallization of surfaces of plastics objects
DE3017713A1 (en) * 1980-05-08 1981-11-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Metallising polymer films - by sputtering adhesion promoting layer onto film and then vacuum depositing metal, used for resistance layers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994009914A1 (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-05-11 G&E Associates, Llc Lamp reflector
EP2170589A1 (en) * 2007-07-04 2010-04-07 Theta Optics LTD OY Method and equipment for producing an optical piece
EP2170589A4 (en) * 2007-07-04 2014-04-09 Theta Optics Ltd Oy Method and equipment for producing an optical piece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3490033T1 (en) 1986-03-13
CH665488A5 (en) 1988-05-13
IE840138L (en) 1984-07-26
IE55013B1 (en) 1990-04-25
DK458684A (en) 1984-09-25
PT78009B (en) 1986-03-27
BE898767A (en) 1984-05-16
GR81664B (en) 1984-12-12
PH23007A (en) 1989-02-24
CA1246370A (en) 1988-12-13
ZA84518B (en) 1984-12-24
GB8503825D0 (en) 1985-03-20
DK161754B (en) 1991-08-12
SE8500918L (en) 1985-02-25
ES529203A0 (en) 1984-11-16
AU576487B2 (en) 1988-09-01
DK161754C (en) 1992-02-17
GB8302165D0 (en) 1983-03-02
ES8501536A1 (en) 1984-11-16
SE8500918D0 (en) 1985-02-25
IT8419314A0 (en) 1984-01-25
IT8419314A1 (en) 1985-07-25
GB2152703A (en) 1985-08-07
SE453737B (en) 1988-02-29
PT78009A (en) 1984-02-01
FR2539881A1 (en) 1984-07-27
FR2539881B1 (en) 1988-05-27
JPS60500502A (en) 1985-04-11
IT1173135B (en) 1987-06-18
NL8420019A (en) 1985-10-01
AU2495584A (en) 1984-08-15
NO843782L (en) 1984-09-21
GB2152703B (en) 1987-11-25
DK458684D0 (en) 1984-09-25

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