WO1984001162A1 - Compositions polymeres cristallines liquides, procede et produits - Google Patents

Compositions polymeres cristallines liquides, procede et produits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984001162A1
WO1984001162A1 PCT/US1983/001437 US8301437W WO8401162A1 WO 1984001162 A1 WO1984001162 A1 WO 1984001162A1 US 8301437 W US8301437 W US 8301437W WO 8401162 A1 WO8401162 A1 WO 8401162A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
recurring units
polymer
monomer
liquid crystalline
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PCT/US1983/001437
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English (en)
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James Frederick Wolfe
Paul Dean Sybert
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Stanford Res Inst Int
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Priority claimed from PCT/US1982/001285 external-priority patent/WO1984001160A1/fr
Priority claimed from US06/433,831 external-priority patent/US4533692A/en
Application filed by Stanford Res Inst Int filed Critical Stanford Res Inst Int
Priority to NL8320366A priority Critical patent/NL8320366A/nl
Publication of WO1984001162A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984001162A1/fr
Priority to HK408/91A priority patent/HK40891A/xx
Priority to SG915/91A priority patent/SG91591G/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/38—Polymers
    • C09K19/3804—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the main chain
    • C09K19/3823—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the main chain containing heterocycles having at least one nitrogen as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/18—Polybenzimidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/32—Polythiazoles; Polythiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G85/00—General processes for preparing compounds provided for in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L57/00—Compositions of unspecified polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/38—Polymers
    • C09K19/3804—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the main chain

Definitions

  • the present invention relates broadly to novel anisotropic (liquid-crystalline) extended chain polymer -polyphosphoric acid compositions, to the production of high molecular weight extended chain polymers by polycondensation of selected monomers in certain polyphosphoric acids, and especially to the production of highly concentrated polymer compositions from which industrially useful polymeric articles such as fibers and films are readily produced.
  • the class of aromatic heterocyclic extended chain polymers are well known for their outstanding thermal, physical, and chemical properties.
  • these polymers are essentially non-melting and have proven very difficult to economically process into articles.
  • desired articles of commerce for example fibers, films, fibrids, and the like, it is necessary that they be in solution or dope form.
  • acidic solvents such as sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, polyphosphoric acid, and the like, difficulty is often experienced in preparing and using the polymer-acid compositions or dopes because of poor polymer-acid solubility.
  • a precipitated or dried particulate form of the polymer is dissolved in a strong acidic solvent by mixing the (isolated) polymer particles at elevated temperatures and/or under high pressures for a period from several hours to several days. If the polymer is insoluble in the particular solvent, other solvents or various solvent mixtures are employed. Usually, heating and cooling cycles are applied and repeated to obtain a useful dope.
  • the resulting dopes often contain undissolved polymer and must be filtered before further processing into articles.
  • U. S. Patent No. 4,225,700 teaches the formation of a liquid crystalline composition of this polymer at concentrations near 10% in methane sulfonic acid and chlorosulfonic acid and at about 6% in polyphosphoric acid. Concentrations of polybenzobisthiazole in polyphosphoric acid above about 10% by weight are difficult, if indeed possible to achieve.
  • One difficulty encountered is that the solution of the 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol monomer in polyphosphoric acid with the P 2 O 5 content described in U. S. Patent No. 4,225,700 is very viscous and dehydrohalogenation is difficult. Also considerable foaming results.
  • liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions (with the exception of polybenzobisthiazole as mentioned above) in polyphosphoric acid are heretofore unknown in the art; and moreover, liquid crystalline extended chain copolymer and block polymer compositions are heretofore unknown in the art.
  • Another object is to provide a process for preparing liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions.
  • a further object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions having excellent cohesive strength.
  • Another object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions having excellent spin stretchability.
  • Another object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions capable of being drawn through long air gap distances.
  • Yet another object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions capable of being drawn at high spin draw ratios.
  • a further object of the invention is to prepare a liquid crystalline spinning composition having a high extended chain polymer content.
  • a still further object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain homopolymer compositions.
  • Another object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain copolymer compositions.
  • Yet another object is to provide liquid crystalline extended chain block polymer compositions.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a liquid crystalline polymer composition having a high polymer content of an extended chain homopolymer.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a liquid crystalline polymer composition having a high polymer content of an extended chain copolymer.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a liquid crystalline polymer composition having a high polymer content of an extended chain block polymer.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions from selected monomers.
  • Another object is to provide a process for preparing liquid crystalline high molecular weight extended chain polymer compositions.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing high molecular weight extended chain homopolymers.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing high molecular weight extended chain copolymers.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing high molecular weight extended chain block polymers.
  • a still further object is to provide a method whereby the dehydrohalogenation of certain hydrohalide monomers may be carried out more easily and rapidly.
  • Yet another object is to provide a method whereby a substantially higher concentration of monomeric reactants can be employed which results in liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions of considerably higher polymer concentration than has been possible heretofore.
  • Another object is to alleviate the foaming problem referred to above.
  • Another object is to provide articles prepared from liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions.
  • a further object of the invention is to prepare articles such as fibers and films from a liquid
  • crystalline polymer composition comprising selected extended chain homopolymers.
  • a further object of the invention is to prepare articles such as fibers and films from a liquid crystalline polymer composition comprising selected extended chain copolymers.
  • a further object of the invention is to prepare articles such as fibers and films from a liquid crystalline polymer composition comprising selected extended chain block polymers.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the continuous production of extended chain homopolymer, copolymer, and block polymer articles such as fibers and films starting with selected monomers.
  • the present invention broadly encompasses novel polymer compositions which are useful as dopes in the production of high strength shaped articles comprising blends of certain polyphosphoric acids, as described hereinafter, and a high concentration of one or more high molecular weight extended chain polymers having one or more mesogenic group or groups.
  • the extended chain polymers can be homopolymers, copolymers, or block polymers, as exemplified hereinafter.
  • the extended chain polymer is present in the blend at a sufficient concentration so as to be capable of exhibiting an anisotropic polymer phase alone or in combination with one or more different polymers with or without mesogenic group or groups.
  • the blends according to the invention are polycondensation products obtained by reaction of selected monomers in an appropriate solution of phosphoric acid, as described hereinafter. These blends exhibit special properties which make them very useful as dopes in the production of fibers, films, fibrids, and the like. In addition to being anisotropic (liquid-crystalline), the blends have a novel combination of properties including unexpectedly high spin-stretchability and excellent cohesive strength, as well as having the capability of being drawn through short, as well as extremely long, air-gap distances, and spun at low, as well as exceptionally high, draw ratios. It is believed that these properties can be attributed to the combination of high polymer concentration, high polymer molecular weight, and a high phosphorus pentoxide content comprising
  • Our discovery further broadly encompasses a process for preparing novel extended chain polymer compositions which are useful as dopes in the production of fibers and films. This process comprises:
  • step (c) adding at least one of a selected second monomer (as described hereinafter) in the resulting mixture of step (b) to provide a first mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent,
  • step (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (b) or (c) to provide a first or a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • step (lg) adding at least one of a selected second monomer in the resulting mixture of step (b) to provide a mixture of a first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent
  • step (b) or (1g) to provide a first or a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization
  • step (c) which forms the first or first and second monomer of the second mixture be different from at least one of the selected monomers of step (a) or (c) which forms the first homo-oligomeric product.
  • step (i) causing polymerization of the poly- oligomeric product resulting from step (g) or the monomer-oligomer resulting from step (h) at a temperature sufficient to effect reaction at a rate to form a first block-oligomeric product having a preselected intrinsic viscosity or a first block-polymeric product,
  • Figure 1 graphically illustrates the weight stability of as spun polymer fibers of and with time during isothermal aging in air at 371°C;
  • Figure 2 graphically illustrates the weight stability of precipitated polymers of and with time during isothermal aging in air at 371°C;
  • Figure 2a graphically illustrates the weight stability of block copolymers AI-AN" and AI-AG" with temperature in air at a heating rate of 5°C per minute;
  • Figure 3 graphically illustrates the weight stability ooff polymers and with temperature in helium at a heating rate of 5°C per minute;
  • Figure 4 graphically illustrates the weight stability of polymers and with temperature in helium at a heating rate of 5oC per minute;
  • Figure 5 graphically illustrates the weight stability of polymers and with temperature in air at a heating rate of 5°C per minute
  • Figure 6 graphically illustrates the weight stability of polymers and with temperature in air at a heating rate of 5°C per minute
  • Figure 7 graphically illustrates the relatinoship of amount of useable PPA and P 2 O 5 content required to achieved f of 0.822 for selected polymer concentrations (plot of equation a * ) showing a region of poor solubility for monomer 1a;
  • Figure 8 graphically illustrates the % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 14.8 wt% polymerization showing the limits of achievable molecular weight when starting with a high P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent;
  • Figure 9 graphically illustrates the % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 8.6 wt% polymerization showing the limits of achievable polymer concentration when starting with a high P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent;
  • Figure 10 graphically illustrates a typical % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 14.5 wt% polymerization showing the advantages of the invention when starting with a low P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent followed by an increase of P 2 O 5 content at the start of polymerization;
  • Figure 11 graphically illustrates a typical % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 13.0 wt% polymerization showing the advantages of the invention when starting with a low P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent and step-wise addition of P 2 O 5 followed by an increase of P 2 O 5 content at the start of polymerization;
  • Figure 12 graphically illustrates a typical % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 20.3 wt% polymerization showing the advantages of the invention when starting with a low P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent followed by an increase of P 2 O 5 content at the start of polymerization;
  • Figure 13 graphically illustrates a typical % P 2 O 5 content profile for a 16.87 wt% polymerization showing the advantages of the invention when starting with a low P 2 O 5 content preliminary solvent followed by an increase of P 2 O 5 content at the start of polymerization;
  • Figure 14 is a % P 2 O 5 profile diagram giving the profile ranges of % P 2 O 5 for achieving the advantages of this invention.
  • the extended chain polymers of the compositions of the present invention are a class of polymers that can obtain a substantial degree of shape anisotropy in the liquid state due to restricted rotation of bonds in the polymer backbone and/or appropriate catenation geometry of rigid backbone segments.
  • the degree of shape anisotropy is generally defined by the axial ratio, (roh)/d, where (roh) is the persistence length of the chain and d is the diameter of the chain.
  • (roh) may be substantially the same as or greater than the contour length l of the polymer. In the case of a rigid rod polymer, (roh) is essentially infinite and the axial ratio is l/d.
  • liquid crystalline compositions of extended chain homopolymers, copolymers, or block polymers containing 15 percent or more of polymer As will appear, the invention is applicable to the preparation of liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions of lower polymer concentration but there are special advantages to preparing compositions of high concentration.
  • Extended chain polymer-polyphosphoric acid compositions of such higher polymer concentration are advantageous.
  • the polymer is one, such as polybenzobisthiazole, polybenzobisoxazole, and polybenzobisimidazole, capable of forming liquid crystalline compositions at low concentration (e.g., 5 - 10%), that is, if the critical concentration necessary for formation of the anisotropic phase is low, compositions of even higher polymer concentration can be spun to produce a better quality, higher strength fiber. We believe this results, in part at least, from a more fully anisotropic composition and improved composition integrity.
  • the polymer is one, such as poly (2,6-benzothiazole) that is less rodlike in structure than polybenzobisthiazole or polybenzobisoxazole and thus possesses a critical concentration for anisotropic phase formation greater than 10% and in the region of concentrations of this invention, extruding of these heretofore unattainable solutions produces a dramatic increase in strength and modulus because of the ordering of the polymer during this fabrication.
  • phosphoric acid(s) means commercial phosphoric acid(s) containing 85-86% H 3 PO 4 .
  • PPA polyphosphoric acid
  • P 2 O 5 phosphorus pentoxide
  • polyphosphoric acid compositions can be described as a ratio of P 2 O 5 and water by reducing the various species present (on paper) to P 2 O 5 and water. We will then use the convention that polyphosphoric acid composition will be expressed in terms of a P 2 O 5 content (as a percentage) defined as P 2 O 5 content
  • the P 2 O 5 content of pure orthophosphoric acid could be derived by reducing one mole of H 3 PO 4 to 0.5 moles P 2 O 5 + 1.5 moles H 2 O. Converting to weights gives the P 2 O 5 content as
  • the P 2 O 5 content of commercial polyphosphoric acid can be derived in the following way.
  • Polyphosphoric acid is available commercially in two grades, 105% and 115%. These percentages refer to H 3 PO 4 content, which means that 100g of the two grades contain 105 and 115 grams of H 3 PO 4 .
  • the P 2 O 5 content of 115% polyphosphoric acid can then be calculated knowing the P 2 O 5 content of 100% H 3 PO 4 .
  • Freshly prepared polyphosphoric acid as described by Wolfe and Loo U.S. Patent 4,225,700 employed 1.52 x g of P 2 O 5 to x grams of 85.6% H 3 PO 4 , thus the P 2 O 5 content of that mixture is
  • polyphosphoric acid compositions by our definition, equivalent to these three examples could be prepared in principle by starting with P 2 O 5 and adding 27.6, 16.7, and 15.1% by weight of water.
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XX as defined below
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another and
  • Y 2 is nil or represents a bivalent organic radical and is
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 3 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined below, X 3 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 3 , N and X 3 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another, n being a
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XX as defined below
  • Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined below, the nitrogen atoms being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 and the carbon atoms being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 4 , n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 5 represents an aromatic moiety and is
  • XXIV as defined below, the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 5 , n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 6 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXV as defined below
  • Ar 1 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XX as defined below
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 1 , NH and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 9 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXVI as defined below, X 4 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group) , the NH groups and X 4 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 9 , n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXVII as defined below
  • Y 7 represents an aromatic or hetroaromatic moiety and is XXVIII as defined
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is
  • XX as defined below
  • Y 8 is XXIX as defined below
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group) , the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 and adjacent carbon atoms of Y 8 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another, n being a positive integer.
  • Ar 9 and Y 2 , Y 7 , and Y 8 of the extended chain polymer formulas above are defined as follows:
  • Any monomeric material or mixture of monomeric materials having the ability to react in polyphosphoric acid to form the extended chain polymers (i.e., the above formulas I-VIII homopolymers, and the various formulas IX-XIX copolymers and block polymers herein defined in the specification) of this invention can be utilized.
  • suitable monomeric materials selected for use in forming liquid-crystalline extended chain polymer compositions of the present invention are of nine types as described below.
  • Type 1 monomers has the general formula
  • Ar 1 is an aromatic moiety
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different atoms or groups selected from the class O, S. and NR;
  • R is hydrogen or an organic group attached to N; the R's on the two nitrogen atoms where both X 1 and X 2 are NR may be the same or different;
  • NH 2 , X 1 H and X 2 H are bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 ; the groups on the left side of Ar 1 are ortho with respect to one another and the groups on the right side of Ar 1 are ortho with respect to one another.
  • Monomer 1 is typically isolated as a hydrohalide salt of the monomer.
  • Ar 1 may be any aromatic moiety (carbocyclic or heterocyclic) and it may be a single ring such as
  • Ar 1 is as follows:
  • the aromatic ring or rings of Ar 1 may bear one or more substituent.
  • substituents which may be organic or inorganic may be or may contain hetero atoms, may be any atom or group which is compatible with the reactant. the solvent, the polycon densation reaction and the resulting oligomer or polymer.
  • Substituents which are chemically reactive with Types 2 thru 9 monomers (see below) , with the solvent (PPA) or with the oligomeric or polymeric products are to be avoided.
  • substituents which offer steric hindrance to the polycondensation are to be avoided.
  • permissible hydrocarbon substituents are alkyl (e.g., C 1 to C 10 straight chain and branched chain alkyl, benzyl, etc.), phenyl, chloro substituted alkyl, phenyl and benzyl.
  • permissible hetero substituents are chloro, bromo, nitro, alkoxy, aryloxy, SO 3 H, SR, and -NR 1 R 2 (R 1 and R 2 being organic groups).
  • Formula 1 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention may also further be classified into three groups: Class 1 (1,1), Class 2 (1,2), and Class 3 (1,3).
  • the first number of the number pairs denotes the monomer type and the second number of the pairs denotes the monomer class.
  • the preferred (1,1) monomers are those wherein Ar 1 is a six-membered aromatic ring with the four valence positions being on carbon atoms having a
  • R is H or a monovalent aromatic radical, such as phenyl, or a monovalent heteroaromatic radical, such as 2- pyridyl, or a monovalent aliphatic radical, such as methyl.
  • Monomers (1,1) which when reacted with a diacid or a diacid derivative give two substantially collinear bonds are most preferred.
  • (1,1) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers (shown as hydrohalides) in Table 1 below.
  • 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine trihydrochloride prepared by the dinitration of 2,6-diamino pyridine, followed by hydrolysis and reduction by the method of A. H. Gerber, J. Polymer Sci.,
  • N 1 ,N 5 -diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene dihydrochloride prepared starting from m -dichlorobenzene according to H. Vogel and C. S. Marvel, J. Polym. Sci . , A, Vol. 1, page 1531 (1963) and purified from toluene before use.
  • the preferred (1,2) monomers are those wherein Ar 1 is two six-membered aromatic rings attached by a covalent carbon-carbon bond each with valences on carbon atoms in the 3 and 4 positions, such as 3,3' ,4,4'-biphenyl or 4,4', 5,5'-(2,2'-bipyridyl), or Ar 1 is two fused six-membered rings with valence positions being on carbon atoms and having a 1,2,5,6 relationship to each other, such as 1,2,5,6-naphthalene.
  • the four functional groups attached to the valence positions of Ar 1 by covalent bonds comprise two amino groups and the groups -X 1 H and -X 2 H such that one amino group is ortho to -X 1 H and the other amino group is ortho to X 2 H and X 1 H is attached to either the 3 or 4 position in the first case or the 1 or 2 position in the second case and -X 2 H is attached to either the 3' or 4' position in the first case and the 5 or 6 position in the second case.
  • X 1 and X 2 are defined as above.
  • (1,2) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers (shown as hydrohalides) in Table 2 below.
  • 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine dihydrochloride prepared by the method of C.G. Vogt and F. Marschall, U. S. Patent 2,497,248 (1950) from o-dianisidine and aluminum chloride.
  • the preferred (1,3) monomers are those wherein Ar 1 is any aromatic moiety with two sets of ortho-valences at carbon atoms, such as
  • the four functional groups attached to the valence positions of Ar 1 are divided into two sets (NH 2 and X 1 H) and (NH 2 and X 2 H) with the functional groups within each set being positioned ortho to each other and the two sets positioned on Ar 1 such that they cannot simultaneously react with the same functional group of another monomer.
  • X 1 and X 2 are defined as above.
  • (1,3) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers (shown as hydrohalides or as monomers) in Table 3 below.
  • 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether is prepared according to the method of S. U. Kantor and J. Sonnenberg, U. S. Patent 3,306,876 (1967).
  • 3,3',4,4'-tetraaminodiphenyl sulfone prepared from commercially available 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone by acetylation, dinitration, hydrolysis, and reduction.
  • 3,3'-dimercapto-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone prepared from commercially available 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone by methods analogous to
  • Type 2 monomers has the general formula
  • Y 2 is a bivalent organic group and Z 1 and Z 2 are electron-defficient carbon groups and may be the same or different groups selected from the following class:
  • Z 1 and Z 2 react with the X 1 H and X 2 H and with the two hydrogen atoms of the primary amino groups of Type 1 monomers to form suitable leaving entities, such as water, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen halide, ammonia, etc.
  • the bivalent group Y 2 may be an aromatic group, an acyclic aliphatic group, or a cycloaliphatic group, and such groups may be substituted by hydrocarbon groups (aliphatic or aromatic) and by hetero atoms and groups.
  • any of groups described above as substituents of the aromatic ring or rings of Ar 1 may be used subject to the same restrictions.
  • Formula 2 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention may also further be classified into three groups: Class 1 (2,1), Class 2 (2,2), and Class 3 (2,3).
  • the first number of the number pairs denotes the monomer type and the second number of the pairs denotes the monomer class.
  • the preferred (2,1) monomers are those wherein Y 2 is nil, or Y 2 comprise at least two carbon atoms to which are attached Z 1 and Z 2 such that the two exocyclic bonds between Y 2 and Z 1 and between Y 2 and Z 2 have a rigid and fixed relationship to each other and are substantially collinear, or Y 2 may also be a cycloaliphatic group that has at least two carbon atoms to which are attached Z 1 and Z 2 such that the two bonds between Y 2 and Z 1 and between Y 2 and Z 2 have a highly preferred relationship to each other that is substantially collinear.
  • Carboxylic acid derivatives of 2j-2q and 2z (as herein described below) such as COOH that decarboxylate at temperatures below that required for polycondensation with Type 1 monomers are less preferred.
  • (2,1) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers in Table 4 below.
  • terephthaloyl chloride obtained from Aldrich and sublimed immediately before use.
  • 1,4-benzenedicarboxamide prepared from 2b or obtained commercially from Pfaltz and Bauer.
  • trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid obtained from Aldrich and recrystallized from water.
  • 2,6-benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']bisoxazoledinitrile prepared from the condensation of compound 1b with urea followed by diazotization as for compound 2j.
  • 2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisthiazole prepared by the condensation of compound 1a with p-toluic acid followed by oxidation.
  • 2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzobisimidazole prepared by a method similar to 2s using 1c.
  • 2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']bisoxazole prepared by a method similar to 2s using 1f.
  • 2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d:5,6-d']bisthiazole prepared by a method similar to 2s using 1g.
  • the preferred (2,2) monomers are those wherein Y 2 comprise two six-membered rings attached by a covalent carbon-carbon bond each with valences on the 4-position or each with valences on the 3-position, such as 4,4'-biphenyl or 3,3'-biphenyl, or Y 2 comprise two fused six-membered rings with valence positions being on carbon atoms and having a 1,5 relationship to each other, such as
  • Y 2 is a cycloaliphatic divalent moiety with valences on carbon atoms and in a 1,2-trans configuration, or
  • Y 2 is a variety of condensed aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems attached only by carbon-carbon bonds and having 2 valences, Z 1 and Z 2 are the same as defined above.
  • Specific examples of (2,2) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers in Table 5 below.
  • 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid prepared according to the method of B. Raecke and H. Schirp, Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. V, page 813 (1973) from commercially available 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride.
  • 2,6-quinolinedicarboxylic acid prepared from commercially available (Aldrich) 2,6-dimethyl quinoline by oxidation.
  • 3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid prepared from o-nitrobenzoic acid by the method of M. Kurihara and N. Yoda, J. Macromol . Sci. Chem Al(6), page 1069 (1967).
  • trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. and recrystallized from methanol before use.
  • 1,4-bis(5-carboxybenzoxazole-2-yl)benzene prepared by the method of J. Preston, W. De Winter and W. L. Hofferbert, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 5, page 269 (1968) .
  • the preferred (2,3) monomers are those wherein Y 2 may be any aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic divalent species not previously described.
  • (2,3) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers in Table 6 below.
  • isophthalic acid obtained from Pfaltz and Bauer and recrystallized from 90% ethanol.
  • 3,3'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether prepared from a coupling of m-cresol and m-bromotoluene followed by oxidation by the method of M. Tomita, J. Pharm. Soc., Japan, 57 , page 391(1937).
  • Type 3 monomers has the general formula
  • Formula 3 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention may also further be classified into two groups: Class 1 (3,1) and Class 2 (3,2).
  • the first number of the number pairs denotes the monomer type and the second number of the pairs denotes the monomer class.
  • the preferred (3,1) monomers are those wherein Z 3 is the same as defined for Z 1 , Ar 3 is a trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety with the three valence positions being on carbon atoms and having the relationship that the valence bond between Z 3 and Ar 3 is nearly collinear with the same valence bond in subsequently condensed monomers, and X 3 is defined as for X 1 in Table 1. X 3 and NH 2 are positioned ortho to each other on Ar 3 .
  • (3,1) monomers preferred for use in the invention include the monomer in Table 7 below.
  • the preferred (3,2) monomers are those wherein Z 3 , Ar 3 , and X 3 are defined as above.
  • the bonds that are formed in homopolymerization of (3,2) monomers are defined in their spatial relationship having an angle of catenation of less than about 150 to about 180o.
  • (3,2) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers (shown as hydrohalides or as monomers) in Table 8 below.
  • N 3 -phenyl-3,4-diaminobenzoic acid prepared from p-aminobenzoic acid by cnlorination, oxidation to 3-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid, followed by anilation and
  • N 4 -phenyl-3,4-diaminobenzoic acid prepared by nitration of commercially available
  • 4-carboxy-3'-mercapto-4'-aminobiphenyl prepared by nitration of commercially available 4-carboxybiphenyl (ICN/K and K) and reduction to 4-amino-4'-carboxybiphenyl, followed by placement of the o-mercapto group by methods analogous to
  • 4-carboxy-3'-amino-4'-hydroxybiphenyl prepared by the nitration of commercially available (ICN/K and K) 4-carboxybiphenyl, conversion to 4-carboxy-p-phenol by reduction and diazotization, followed by acetylation, nitration, hydrolysis, and reduction.
  • 4-carboxy-3',4'-diaminobiphenyl prepared by acetylation of 4-amino-4'-carboxylbiphenyl (see preparation of 3h) followed by nitration, hydrolysis, and reduction.
  • Type 4 monomers have the general formula
  • Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 6 , and Z 7 are the same or different and are chosen from the list of carboxylic acid derivatives given for Z 1 in Table
  • Z 4 and Z 5 , or Z 6 and Z 7 , or both sets can also be carboxylic acid anhydride groups.
  • Ar 4 is an aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic moiety having four valence positions at carbon atoms.
  • Ar 4 can be a six-member ring with the valence positions having 1, 2, 4, 5 relationship, or Ar 4 can be two condensed six-member rings, such as naphthalene.
  • Z 4 and Z 5 as one set and Z 6 and Z 7 as another set must either be ortho-positioned within each set or bear a 1, 4, 5, 8 relationship to each other.
  • An (imaginary) line perpendicular to the bond between the valence carbons attached to Z 4 and Z 5 must be collinear with the corresponding (imaginary) line for Z 6 and Z 7 .
  • Formula 4 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid- crystalline compositions of the instant invention are classified as Class 1 (4,1).
  • the first number of the number pairs denotes the monomer type and the second number of the pairs denotes the monomer class.
  • (4,1) monomers preferred for use in the invention include those monomers in Table 9 below.
  • 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.
  • Type 5 monomers has the general formula
  • Z 8 and Z 9 are defined as for Z 4 and Z 5 in Table 9
  • Ar 5 is defined as in Table 9
  • the two amino groups are ortho to each other, and Z 8 , Z 9 , and the two amino groups are positioned such that two imaginary lines drawn perpendicular to the bonds between their valence carbons are collinear.
  • Formula 5 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid- crystalline compositions of the instant invention are classified as Class 1 (5,1).
  • the number pair (5,1) has the same significance as above.
  • Type 6 monomer has the general formula
  • Ar 6 represents an aromatic moiety and is a tetrahydroxy fused ring system, Z 10 , Z 11 , Z 12 ,
  • Z 16 are the same HO atoms bonded to carbon atoms of Ar 6 .
  • Ar 6 may comprise a single or a plurality of aromatic rings in the center of a completely conjugated fused ring system.
  • the center aromatic ring or rings of the completely conjugated fused ring system can be any of those described above, and others.
  • Formula 6 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention may also be further classified into two groups: Class 1 (6,1), and Class 2 (6,2).
  • the number pairs have the same significance as above.
  • the preferred (6,1) monomers are those wherein Ar 6 comprise a single center aromatic ring in the center of the fused ring system.
  • the preferred (6.2) monomers are those wherein Ar 6 comprise at least two center aromatic rings in the center of the fused ring system.
  • (6,1) and (6,2) preferred for use in the invention include those monomers in Tables 11 and 12 respectively.
  • Type 7 monomer has the general formula
  • Y 7 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety and is a fused ring carbon group, the X 7 's are double bonded to carbon of Y 7 .
  • Formula 7 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention can be classified as Class 1 (7,1).
  • the number pair (7,1) has the same significance as above.
  • a ⁇ specific example of (7,1) preferred for use in the present invention is 7a in Table 13 below.
  • Type 8 monomer has the general formula
  • Y 8 is a single carbon cyclic moiety
  • X 10 and X 11 are HO and O atoms respectively, bonded to carbon atoms of Y 8 .
  • Formula 8 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid-crystalline compositions of the instant invention can be classified as Class 1 (8,1).
  • the number pair (8,1) has the same significance as above.
  • a specific example of (8,1) preferred for use in the present invention is 8a in Table 14 below.
  • Type 9 monomer has the general formula
  • Ar 9 represents an aromatic moiety and is a partially fused ring system
  • Z 14 and Z 15 are OH atoms
  • X 4 are selected from the class O, S, and NR
  • R is H or an organic group attached to N
  • of Ar 9 NH 2 and X 4 H are positioned ortho
  • Z 14 and Z 15 are positioned ortho.
  • Formula 9 monomers useful in preparing the extended chain polymers and novel liquid- crystalline compositions of the present invention can be classified as Class 1 (9,1).
  • the number pair (9,1) has the same significance as above.
  • suitable homopolymers forming liquid crystalline homopolymer compositions in accordance with the practice of the present invention include the following polymers.
  • polymer formulas are hereinbelow shown in simplified representation. As an example, is
  • the most preferred extended chain homopolymers in accordance with the practice of the present invention include
  • the especially preferred extended chain homopolymers in accordance with the practice of the present invention include
  • the preferred extended chain homopolymers in accordance with the practice of the present invention include
  • P 2 O 5 content of the polyphosphoric acid operative during dehydrohalgenation should be below about 83.3%, and may range from between about 83.3% to about 63%; preferrably below about 82%, more preferrably below about 80%, and most preferrably below about 76%.
  • the intermediate P 2 O 5 content is operative at the initiation of polycondensation and is calculated so as to give the third (or final) P 2 O 5 content f that accounts for polyphosphoric acid hydrolysis by 100% of the theoretical water of polycondensation.
  • the final P 2 O 5 content, f must be above some minimum value if the solution is to maintain its effectiveness as a reaction medium at the late stages of polymerization.
  • the final P 2 O 5 content should be between about 82% to about 86%, preferrably between about 82% to about 84%, and most preferrably between about 82% to about 83%.
  • the various important general process steps for preparing liquid crystalline polymer compositions of the present invention may include one or more of the following stages which are considered to be within the process parameters described above, These stages are:
  • Stage One One or more of a selected first monomers selected from the group consisting of (amino-group-containing) monomers 1 , 3 , 5 , or 9 is added to a specified initial weight in grams (given by a * ) of a polyphosphoric acid with a P 2 O 5 content m according to the empirical equation
  • n o is an integer giving the number of moles of condensation by-product per mole of polymer repeating unit.
  • the number 18.02 is the molecular weight of the condensation by-product
  • M w is molecular weight of the polymer repeating unit
  • f is the final P 2 O 5 content that must be above a minimum value as defined by this invention.
  • b * an intermediate weight in grams of P 2 O 5
  • Stage Three--The resulting mixture (containing the first monomer(s) and/or the second monomer (s)) is then heated to a temperature suitable for polycondensation.
  • the reaction temperature may range from about 100°C to about 210°C, preferrably about 110°C to about 200°C, more preferrably about 160°C to about 190°C, and most preferrably about 185°C.
  • the P 2 O 5 content, m o should be low enough to:
  • f should be high enough to: (2a) maintain a polyphosphoric acid composition that is an effective reaction medium at late stages of polycondensation.
  • (2c) provide an effective solvent for the polymer at the end of polycondensation .
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 to be added (b * ) is the difference between the amount of PPA used in step 3 above and the weight of PPA at the end of the curve for
  • a selected first monomer for example , a selected first monomer selected from the group consisting of (1 , 1) , ( 1 ,2) , or ( 1 ,3) with or without oxidation protecting atoms or groups with a preliminary solvent of phosphoric acid having a relatively low phosphorus pentoxide content
  • step (c) adding a selected second monomer (for example, a second monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)) in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent,
  • a selected second monomer for example, a second monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)
  • step (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • Formulas II, IV, and VI homopolymer compositions may be prepared by:
  • step (c) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (b) to provide a first monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is
  • XXX as defined above, X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another, and Y 2 is nil or represents a bivalent organic radical and is
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer, y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • Y 2 represents a bivalent organic radical and is XXXI as defined above
  • a i b j m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer.
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copo lymer
  • Ar 3 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined above, the nitrogen atom and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 3
  • c k m'/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y k represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 3 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined above, X 3 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 3 , N and X 3 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • c k represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y k represents an average number of
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above
  • Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined above
  • the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 1 and the carbon atoms being bonded to Ar 4
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respec tive different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined above
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above
  • Ar 5 represents an aromatic moiety different from Ar 4 and Ar 1 and is XXIV as defined above, the carbon atoms being bonded to Ar 4 and Ar 5 and the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 1 and Ar 5 , n being a positive integer
  • c k m'/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y k represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer
  • a i b j m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • Ar 6 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXV as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 4 and X 1 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 1 , NH and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer.
  • n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • Ar 6 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXV as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 1 , NH and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • a i b j m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer
  • Ar 9 represents an aromatic moiety different from Ar 6 and Ar 1 and is XXVI as defined above
  • X 4 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • X 4 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 9 , c k m'/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer, y k represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above
  • Y 7 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety and is XXVIII as defined above
  • the nitrogen atoms being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 and bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of Y 7
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said copolymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said copolymer.
  • n being a positive integer.
  • step (c) adding at least one of a selected second monomers (for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)) in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent,
  • a selected second monomers for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)
  • step (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • formulas IX, XII, XVI, and XVIII copolymer compositions can be prepared by: (a) mixing at least one of a selected first monomers (for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (3,1), (3,2), (5,1), or (9,1)) with or without oxidation protecting atoms or groups with a preliminary solvent of phosphoric acid having a relatively low phosphorus pentoxide content,
  • a selected first monomers for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (3,1), (3,2), (5,1), or (9,1)
  • step (c) adding at least two of a selected second monomers (for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)) in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent, (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • a selected second monomers for example, one or more of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (4,1), (6,1), (6,2), (7,1) or (8,1)
  • Preferred formulas IX, X, XI, XII, XV. XVI. XVII, and XVIII copolymers forming liquid crystalline copolymer compositions of the instant invention are those wherein a i is the mole fraction of the ith monomer selected from Type 1, b j is the mole fraction of the jth monomer selected from Types 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8, c k is the mple fraction of the kth monomer selected from Types 3, 5, or 9, m and m' are appropriate molar quantities based on desired yield, a i b j and a i b j m/m+m' are the molar proportions of the recurring units resulting from the condensation of the ith monomer of Type 1 and the jth monomer of Type 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8, c k and c k m'/m+m' are the molar proportions of the recurring unit resulting from the condensation of the kth monomer of
  • the number of recurring units in the copolymer may be the product of the highest i and the highest j or may be the product of the highest i and the highest j plus the highest k.
  • i, j and k can be as high as is practical, but may have certain minimal values if copolymers, rather than homopolymers, are to be obtained.
  • Selected molar quantities (a 1 m. a 2 m, ... a i m) of monomers of Type 1 may be mixed with a phosphoric acid having a phosphorus pentoxide content of from about 63% to about 78%, preferably greater than about 68%. most preferably about 78%, and the protecting groups, such as hydrogen halide, if present, may be substantially removed by heating, and applying reduced pressure if desired.
  • the quantity of the phosphoric acid is most desirably determined in accordance with equation a* above, making the necessary calculations for addition of monomers of possibly different molecular weights and different proportions.
  • the phosphorus pentoxide content of the resulting mixture may then be raised in accordance with equation b* above, so as to raise the final phosphorus pentoxide content of the substantially copolymerized mixture to a value preferably within the range between about 81% to about 84% and most preferably between about 82% to about 83.5%.
  • the resulting mixture may then be heated to a temperature preferably about 100°C to about 210°C, most preferably to about 170°C to about 185°C within a practical time period, from less than about one hour to greater than about 5 hours, preferably within about 1 to about 3 hours.
  • the temperature may be maintained for a sufficient time, which may range from less than about 1 hour to about 48 hours or more, most preferably between from about 1 to about 23 hours, to achieve the desired n value.
  • the practice of the present invention as it relates to the production of novel liquid-crystalline compositions comprising copolymers with the general formulas IX, XII, XVI, and XVIII is illustrated for those compositions including general formula IX wherein the selected monomers of Type 1 are further classified as being of Types (1,1), (1,2) or (1,3) and the selected monomers of Type 2 are of Types (2,1), (2,2), or (2,3).
  • a 1 b 1 can range from nearly zero to nearly one while a 1 b 2 or a 2 b 1 (because it is equal to 1-a 1 b 1 ) ranges from nearly one to nearly zero, respectively.
  • the average block lengths y 11 and y 12 or y 21 are governed by the method of monomer addition described above and the molar quantities selected. Thus, for monomer pairs of essentially equal reactivity, y 11 , which equals 1/1-a 1 b 1 , may range from nearly one to very high values.
  • y 12 or y 21 can range from very high values to nearly one.
  • Monomer purity, control of stoichiometry, and exclusion of side reactions caused by oxidizing impurities must be sufficient to obtain an overall copolymer length, n, greater than about 50 in order to obtain the desired polymeric properties of useful mechanical strength, modulus, etc.
  • the practice of the invention as it relates to copolymers derived from Class 1 monomers is further illustrated in Examples 49-51 and 54-66 below.
  • General formula IX copolymers may be prepared from type (1,1), (2,1) and (2,2) monomers and from type (1,1), (1,2) and (2,1) monomers. These monomers are classified as Class 2 owing either to a moderately reduced mesogenic character of the recurring unit derived from them or to their tendency to reduce the solubility range of the resulting polymer, which in turn is usually owing to an overall reduction of the heteroatom/hydrocarbon ratio of the resulting polymer. Both of these conditions dictate that incorporation of Class 2 monomers into copolymers of the present invention should be carefully selected. The degree of this selectivity is illustrated by the following copolymers prepared in accordance with the practice of the invention.
  • the immediately preceding list of copolymers is derived from monomer compositions containing monomers imparting reduced solubility to the copolymer.
  • the preferred values of a 1 b 1 are those greater than about 0.8, leading to values of y 11 greater than about 5 and y 12 values of nearly one.
  • Monomer purity, control of stoichiometry, exclusion of oxidizing impurities, and selection of the molar quantity of the less soluble monomer to maintain copolymer solubility must be sufficient to achieve an average n value of greater than about 50.
  • Increased proportion of a less soluble monomer may be achieved by selecting comonomers that impart improved solubility to the copolymer.
  • monomers of Type 1 wherein X is S impart greater solubility than those in which X is 0 or N.
  • the practice of the invention as it relates to copolymers of partially reduced solubility is further illustrated in Examples 52, 53, 70, 71, and 72 below.
  • copolymers are derived from incorporation of monomers of moderately reduced mesogenicity and the practice of the invention is illustrated for them.
  • the preferred ranges of a 1 b 1 are from nearly zero to nearly one for copolymers in this classification with the overall proviso that the overall copolymer concentration in the polyphosphoric acid be above a critical concentration determined by the least mesogenic recurring unit.
  • the above copolymers may have a 1 b 1 values between about one and zero, y 11 values of nearly one and greater, and y 21 values of nearly one and greater.
  • the preferred concentration with these a 1 b 2 and a 2 b 1 values may be between about 15 and about 22 weight percent.
  • the molar proportion of the more highly mesogenic recurring unit i.e., a 1 b 1
  • the range of operable concentrations is increased to include concentrations of the copolymer in greater than about 8 weight percent, preferably above about 10 weight percent.
  • Values of n greater than about 50 are preferable as stated above.
  • General formula IX copolymer compositions may be prepared from class 3 monomers.
  • Monomers characterized as belonging to Class 3 lead to polymer recurring units that have little or no mesogenic character. Their incorporation into copolymers prepared as above are within the scope of the present invention but are less preferred because the random incorporation of a significant molar proportion of these non-mesogenic units leads to. insufficient block length of the mesogenic recurring unit or units to impart liquid-crystalline behavior. Incorporation of less than about 3 molar percent of Type 3 monomers is preferred. Increased incorporation of Class 3 polymers are highly preferred by use of a block polymer procedure described below.
  • a less preferred embodiment of the present invention is the preparation of General formulas X, XV, and XVII by the addition of monomers of Types 3, 5, and 9, respectively, to the initial solution of the above copolymer procedure.
  • the unique feature of the geometry of monomers of Types 3 (except for 3k), 5, and 9 is the requirement that the block lengths, y k , be large or, if small, be an even number. This condition dictates that preferred compositions of formulas X, XV, and XVII are prepared by a block polymer procedure described below.
  • step (c) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (b) to provide a first monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization, (d) causing polymerization of the the first and second monomer at a temperature sufficient to effect reaction at a rate to form a first co- oligomeric product having a preselected intrinsic viscosity or a first copolymeric product.
  • Selected molar quantities (c 1 m, c 2 m, ... c k m) of Type 3 monomers may be mixed with a phosphoric acid having a phosphorus pentoxide content of from about 63% to about 78%, preferably greater than about 68%. most preferably about 78%, and the protecting groups, if present, may be substantially removed by heating, and applying reduced pressure, if desired.
  • the quantity of phosphoric acid is determined in accordance with equation a* above, making the necessary calculations for the addition of monomers of possibly different molecular weights and different proportions.
  • the phosphorus pentoxide content of the resulting mixture may then be raised in accordance with equation b* above, so as to raise the final phosphorus pentoxide of the substantially copolymerized mixture to a value greater than about 81%, most preferably between about 82% to about 83% but less than about 84%.
  • the resulting mixture may then be heated to about 100°C to about 200°C, most preferably between about 150°C to about 185°C within a practical period of time, preferably within a time period of less than about 1 hour to about 5 hours or more, and most preferably within a period of about 1 hour to about 3 hours, and then maintained at the selected temperature for sufficient time to achieve the desired n value.
  • c 1 is the molar proportion of the more soluble recurring unit and selected to be above about 0.5, more preferably above about 0.7, to ensure the solubility of the resulting copolymer to the high concentrations required for liquid- crystalline behavior.
  • Molar proportions selected above and monomer reactivity ratios determine the average block lengths y 1 and y 2 . The block length does not bear on whether liquid-crystalline behavior in polyphosphoric acid is obtained with these polymers. The important factor is the maintenance of solubility at high concentration and the preparation of these copolymers in polyphosphoric acid at high concentration from monomers.
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is
  • XXX as defined above, X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another and Y 2 is nil or represents a bivalent organic radical and is
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer, y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another and Y 2 is nil or represents a bivalent organic radical and is XXXI as defined above
  • a i b j m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • Ar represents an aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined above
  • X 3 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the nitrogen atoms and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 , N and
  • Ar 3 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined above.
  • X 3 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group) , the nitrogen atoms and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 3 , N and X 3 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another,
  • c k represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer,
  • y k represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above.
  • Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined above, the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 1 and the carbon atoms being bonded to Ar 4 , a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer, y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII or XXX as defined above with the proviso that when Ar 1 is bonded to nitrogen atoms Ar 1 is XXXII and when Ar 1 is bonded to both nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 , Ar 1 is XXX as defined above, Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 4 , N and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another and Y 2 is nil or represents a bivalent organic radical and is XXXI as defined above, m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer, y represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 3 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXII as defined above, X 3 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group), the nitrogen atoms and X 3 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 3 , N and X 3 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another, p represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer, y'/2 represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above, Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined above, the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 1 and the carbon atoms being bonded to Ar 4 , q represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer, y represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer, n being a positive integer;
  • Ar 4 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXIII as defined above
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above
  • Ar 5 represents an aromatic moiety different from Ar 4 and Ar 1 and is XXIV as defined above, the carbon atoms being bonded to Ar 4 and Ar 5 and the nitrogen atoms being bonded to Ar 1 and Ar 5 , n being a positive integer
  • c k m'/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y k represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • a/b.m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • Ar 6 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXV as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 1 , NH and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • n being a positive integer
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXX as defined above
  • Ar 6 represents a different aromatic moiety and is XXV as defined above
  • X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 1 and X 2 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar 1
  • NH and X 1 or X 2 of each hetero ring are disposed ortho to one another
  • a i b j m/m+m' represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • Ar 9 represents an aromatic moiety different from Ar 6 and Ar 1 and is XXVI as defined above
  • X 4 is sulfur, oxygen, or NR (R being hydrogen or an organic group)
  • the NH groups and X 4 being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 6 and Ar
  • Ar 1 represents an aromatic moiety and is XXXII as defined above
  • Y 7 represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety and is XXVIII as defined above
  • the nitrogen atoms being bonded to aromatic carbon atoms of Ar 1 and bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of Y 7
  • a i b j represents the molar proportions of the respective different recurring units present in said block polymer
  • y ij represents an average number of the respective different sequential recurring units present in said block polymer
  • n being a positive integer.
  • step (c) adding at least one of a selected second monomer in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent,
  • step (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization.
  • formulas IX, XII, XVI, XVIII, and XIX block polymer compositions may be prepared by:
  • step (c) adding at least one of a selected second monomer in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a first mixture of the first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent, (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • step (g) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (f) to provide a first oligomer-monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • step (h) causing polymerization of the mixture resulting from step (g) at a temperature sufficient to effect reaction at a rate to form a first block-oligomeric product having a preselected intrinsic viscosity or a first block-polymeric product.
  • the above IX-XIX block polymers forming the liquid crystalline block polymer compositions of the instant invention can be characterized as having more than one recurring unit, the distribution or sequencing of which may be different from that obtained by the random condensation of monomers as in the copolymers described above and is further characterized as having contiguous blocks of the same recurring unit as obtained by the random condensation of oligomers.
  • the preferred formulas IX. XII, XVI, XVIII. and XIX block polymers are those polymers wherein a i b j is the mole fraction of the recurring unit formed by the condensation of a homo-oligomeric reaction product (defined below) derived from the ith monomer of Type 1 with a stoichiometric quantity of jth monomer of Type 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8, respectively, and incorporated by a blockpolymeric procedure described below, and yij and n have the same meaning as described above for copolymers.
  • the preferred XI block polymers are those wherein c k is the mole fraction of the recurring unit formed by the condensation of a homo-oligomeric reaction product (defined below) derived from the kth monomer of Type 3 and incorporated by a block polymeric procedure described below, and y k and n are as defined for copolymers.
  • the preferred X, XV, and XVII block polymers are those wherein a i b j m/m+m' is the mole fraction of the recurring unit formed by the condensation of m moles of recurring units of a homo-oligomeric reaction product derived from the ith monomer of Type 1 and the jth monomer of Type 2, 4, or 6 and combined with m' moles of recurring units of a homo-oligomeric reaction product derived from condensation of the kth monomer of Type 3, 5, or 9, respectively, and y ij , y k , and n are as defined for copolymers.
  • the preferred XIII block polymers are those wherein m' and m are appropriate molar quantities of the monomers that form the reaction products and are selected to give desired yields and molar
  • the preferred XIV block polymers are those wherein m', m, x, n, y, y' are as defined above, q is equal to m'/m+m' and p is equal to m/2(m+m') .
  • Selected molar quantity, m, of a monomer of Type 1 may be mixed with a phosphoric acid having a phosphorus pentoxide content of from about 63% to about 78%, preferably greater than about 68%, most preferably about 78%, and the protecting groups, if present, may be removed as described previously.
  • the quantity of the phosphoric acid is most desirably determined in accordance with equation a* as described above.
  • a stoichiometic quantity (i.e, m) of a monomer of Type 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8 may then be added to the resulting solution.
  • the phosphorus pentoxide content of the resulting mixture may then be raised in
  • the resulting mixture may then be heated to about 100°C to about 185°C, most preferably to about 170oC to about 185oC, within a practical period of time, preferably within a period of from less than about one to about 5 hours, most preferably from about one to about 3 hours.
  • n value hereinafter referred to as the homo-oligomeric n value, that is above a selected minimum value to be described for specific cases below, is characterized as being equal to 1/2(1-p), where p is the extent of reaction, defined as the mole fraction of either type of functional group present that has undergone condensation, and being preferrably below a selected maximum value characteristic of complete polymerization.
  • a selected molar quantity, m ij , of the homo-oligomeric reaction product thus obtained is diverted into a second vessel containing a selected molar quantity, m ij , of a similarly obtained but structurally different homo-oligomeric reaction product and the heating
  • the average block lengths, y ij , of the block polymers may be determined the following way.
  • the ijth oligomeric reaction product is prepared by adding a i moles of a first monomer to an equimolar amount b j of the second monomer. The sum of all a i or b j is 1.
  • the mixture is polymerized to a selected intermediate extent of reaction, p ij .
  • the oligomeric n value of the ijth oligomeric reaction product, n ij is given by 1/2(1-p ij ).
  • the molar proportions of the recurring units incorporated into the block polymer are given by
  • the block lengths y ij can be calculated by the equation
  • compositions including general formula IX wherein the selected first homo-oligomer may be prepared from monomers of Type 1 and Type 2 that are further classified as belonging to class 1 and the selected second homo-oligomer is further characterized as belonging to either class 1, class 2, or class 3.
  • General formula IX block polymers may be prepared from homo-oligomers derived exclusively from class 1 monomers.
  • y 11 may be 20 or greater for a broad range of a 1 b 1 values by increasing the extent of reaction, P 11 , as the a 1 b 1 value is decreased.
  • y 12 , y 21 , or y 22 of the above formulas may be obtained with values from about one to about 75, most preferably from about 25 to about 50, by selecting appropriate P 11 and P 12 , P 21 , or P 22 values.
  • the members of this selected class of block polymers because all the recurring units have a high degree of mesogenicity, are liquid-crystalline when an n value of greater than about 40 is obtained at a concentration of greater than about 6 weight percent independent of the block lengths achieved.
  • the practice of the invention as it relates to block polymers of class 1 is further illustrated in Examples 75-84 below.
  • General formula IX block polymers may be prepared from a first homo-oligomer of class 1 and a second homo-oligomer derived from monomer pairs containing class 2 monomers.
  • the block polymer reaction product in the first case may derive liquid-crystalline behavior by virtue of the sole presence of the first recurring unit when y 11 is greater than about 30, more preferably greater than about 40, at concentrations of the first recurring unit alone (i.e., the weight of the first oligomer added / weight of the final block
  • the block polymer reaction product in the second case may derive liquid-crystalline behavior by virtue of the combined presence of both recurring units, independent of y 11 , at concentrations above which the moderately mesogenic recurring unit derived from the second homo-oligomer is liquid-crystalline alone.
  • the preferred values of a 1 b 1 are from about 0.4 to about one, with y 11 ranging from about 80 to about 20, respectively, as a 1 b 1 is varied from 0.4 to one.
  • the most preferred concentrations of these block polymers is above about 15 weight percent but may be lower as either the a 1 b 1 value or the y 11 value or both values are increased.
  • the preferred n value for these compositions is from about 50 to 150, most preferably greater than 100.
  • This procedure aids in mixing and is most preferred when the homo-oligomeric n value of the
  • first homo-oligomer, n 11 is large.
  • the practice of the invention as it relates to the preparation of block polymers of class 2 is further illustrated in Examples 85-88 below.
  • General formula IX block polymers may be prepared from a first homo-oligomer of class 1 and a second homo-oligomer derived from monomer pairs containing class 3 monomers.
  • the block polymers may be prepared from a first homo-oligomer of class 1 and a second homo-oligomer derived from monomer pairs containing class 3 monomers.
  • the values of a 1 b 1 , y 11 , and concentration must meet the conditions of the first case described for the block polymers containing class 2 monomers.
  • the method of the invention allows the preparation of such highly concentrated mixtures of mesogenic units, i.e., reaction products substantially higher in polymer concentration than that required for liquid-crystalline behavior, that incorporation of significant amounts of non-mesogenic units is possible if the above conditions are met.
  • the preferred values of a 1 b 1 are from about 0.6 to about one.
  • the preferred values of y 11 are from at least about 30 to about 100, more prefer ably between about 50 to 100.
  • the preferred values of y 12 or y 21 are from about one to about 50.
  • the preferred values of n are from about 50 to 200 with the most preferred values being about 100 to 150.
  • the preferred selected concentrations of the block polymer are above about 15 weight percent, especially as the proportion of the non-mesogenic recurring unit is increased.
  • the practice of the invention as it relates to production of block polymers containing class 3 monomers is further illustrated in Examples 73, 74, 89-94 below.
  • step (c) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (b) to provide a first monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • step (e) adding at least one of a selected second monomer in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of a first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent
  • step (2e) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (1e) to provide a first and second monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization
  • step (c) mixing a selected amount of the solution of step (b) with a selected amount of at least one of a selected first homo-oligomeric product so as to form a first oligomeric-first monomer reaction medium, said first homo-oligomeric product being formed by like steps (a) and (b) followed by:
  • step (c) adding at least one of a selected second monomer in the resulting solution of step (b) to provide a mixture of a first and second monomer in the preliminary solvent.
  • step (d) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (c) to provide a reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization
  • General formula X block polymers may be derived from a first homo-oligomer of class 1 and a second homo-oligomer of type (3,2).
  • the block polymers of Type X are prepared by a procedure analogous to the procedure described for Type IX block polymers, except that the second homo- oligomer is prepared from a single monomer.
  • a 1 b 1 m/m+m' of from about zero to about 0.5 when the concentration selected to be above about 15 weight percent.
  • the operable concentration range is extended to include concentrations of 7%, more preferably 10 weight percent. At concentrations above about 15 weight percent all selected values
  • n must be greater than about 50, preferably above about 100 to give desirable mechanical properties.
  • General formula X block polymer may be derived from a first homo-oligomer of class 2 and a second homo-oligomer of type (3,2).
  • the block polymers may be derived from a first homo-oligomer of class 2 and a second homo-oligomer of type (3,2).
  • y 1 are those from about 5-50, more preferably greater than 30.
  • step (c) then increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the mixture resulting from step (b) to provide a first monomer reaction medium of greater phosphorus pentoxide content suitable for polymerization,
  • step (e) mixing a selected amount of the first homo-oligomeric product with a selected amount of at least one of a selected second homo-oligomeric product so as to form a first poly-oligomeric product, said second homo-oligomeric product being formed by like steps (a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) with the overall proviso that at least one of the selected monomer of step (a) which forms the second homo-oligomeric product be different from at least one of the selected monomer of step (a) which forms the first homo-oligomeric product,
  • c 1 between 0.5 and one, owing to the greater solubility and mesogenicity of the first recurring unit and preferred values of y 1 greater than about 25 but less than about 100, owing to the higher mesogenicity. Concentrations greater than about 15%, more preferably greater than about 18%, and most preferably 20%, are selected. Examples 98-101 below further illustrate the method of the present invention.
  • the method of the invention also relates to the preparation of block polymers by the condensation of co-oligomeric reaction products, instead of the homo-oligomeric reaction products described in the above procedures.
  • Intrinsic viscositiy is determined by extrapolation of ⁇ re l - 1/c and 1n ⁇ rel /c to zero concentration in methane sulfonic acid at 30°C.
  • the extended chain polymer compositions of this invention are optically anisotropic, i.e., microscopic regions of a given extended chain composition are birefringent; a bulk extended chain composition sample depolarizes plane-polarized light because the light transmission properties of the microscopic areas of the extended chain composition vary with direction. This characteristic is associated with the existence of at least part of the extended chain polymer compositions in the liquid crystalline or mesomorphic state.
  • the extended chain polymer compositions of this invention that exhibit optical anisotropy do so while the extended chain polymer compositions are in the relaxed state. This is in contrast to conventional polymer solutions which may be caused to depolarize plane-polarized light when subjected to appreciable shear.
  • critical concentration point is routinely determined using conventional concentration and viscosity measuring techniques (see Kwolek U.S. 3,671,542).
  • the liquid crystalline compositions may be formed into fibers of high quality by spinning them into suitable baths such as by wet and "air gap” spinning techniques, using spinnerets and other apparatus constructed of materials resistant to the strong acids used.
  • air-gap spinning the spinneret is usually located in air or in an inert gaseous medium a short distance (e.g., 1 to 24 cm) above the surface of a coagulating bath.
  • air-gaps suitable for use in the present invention may range from less than about 1 cm to about 150 cm or longer, preferably from about 2 cm to about 300 cm, more preferably from about 10 cm to about 200 cm, and most preferably from about 10 cm to about 100 cm.
  • the initial draw ratio is approximately from about 1:1 to about 50:1 and higher.
  • the initial draw ratio is from about 20:1 to about 80:1, especially preferably, from about 60:1 to about 200:1, and, most preferably, from about 100:1 to about 150:1.
  • draw ratio is a measure of the degree of stretching during the orientation of the fibrous material.
  • the initial draw ratio is a measure of the degree of stretching of the filaments which occurs between the extrusion orifices and the exit from the coagulation bath.
  • the initial draw ratio is defined as exit velocity divided by jet speed.
  • the jet speed is the speed at which the extruded polymer exits an extrusion orifice. It is conveniently determined by dividing the total polymer extrusion velocity by the total surface area of the extrusion orifices.
  • the exit velocity is the speed at which the filaments leave the coagulation bath. Although any means of measurement may be used, the exit velocity is conveniently determined by the surface speed of the rolls which take up the filaments after their exit from the bath. Thus, the speed of the wash rolls is preferably measured for this purpose.
  • Spinning of polybenzimidazole fibers by one working of this general technique is described in, e.g., Tan U.S. 4.263,245.
  • a variety of baths may be used to coagulate the extruded dope into fibers.
  • the baths may be. e.g., water or methanol and the like, or a dilute solution of a mineral acid (for example, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid and the like) .
  • the temperature of a coagulation bath is room temperature or below.
  • aqueous alkaline solutions may be used for removal of the residual acid.
  • a convenient method is to spray the threadline as it leaves the coagulating bath with an aqueous alkaline solution (e.g., saturated sodium bicarbonate), remove the surface liquid from the threadline with a wiping device (e.g., a sponge) or a jet, wash with water and/or aqueous alkaline solutions to reduce the acid content, and wind up the fibers on bobbins.
  • aqueous alkaline solution e.g., saturated sodium bicarbonate
  • a wiping device e.g., a sponge
  • a jet wash with water and/or aqueous alkaline solutions to reduce the acid content, and wind up the fibers on bobbins.
  • the thoroughly washed fibers may be dried on the bobbin in the area of temperatures of up to about 110°C. They can also be conveniently dried on heated rolls.
  • liquid crystalline compositions are especially suitable for extruding. This and other methods of article frabication are fully described in J. S. Robinson, "Spinning, Extruding, and Processing of Fibers"; Chemical Technology Review No. 159, Noyes Data Corp., 1980. The above cited patents and/or publications are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the fibers prepared from the polymers of this invention exhibit high values of tensile properties, especially in the as-extruded state, i.e., without subsequent hot drawing or annealing.
  • the tensile properties of these as-extruded fibers can be enhanced by subjecting the undrawn fibers to a heat treatment.
  • Filament properties are measured on fibers that are conditioned at 21 degrees C. and 65% relative humidity (R.H.) for at least 16 hours unless otherwise specified.
  • Yarn properties are measured on yarn that are conditioned at 24 degrees C and 55% R.H. for at least 16 hours. All measurements are made in the fiber conditioning environment.
  • the denier of a single filament (d.p.f.) is calculated from its functional resonant frequency, determined by vibrating a 7 to 9 cm. length of fiber under tension with changing frequency (ASTM D1577-1973). This filament is then used for 1 break.
  • the denier of yam is determined by weighing a known length (at 0.1 g.p.d. tension); 90 cm. length is convenient.
  • the tenacity (grams/denier), elongation (percent) and initial modulus (gram/denier) as defined in ASTM 3379-75e are obtained from the load-elongation curve and the measured denier.
  • the measured denier of the sample, test conditions and sample identification maybe fed to a computer before the start of a test; the computer record the load-elongation curve of the fiber as it is broken and then calculates the fiber properties.
  • Mineral acids that are solvents for the extended chain polymers of the instant compositions such as polyphosphoric acid, methane sulfonic acid. 100% sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and the like, may be added to the compositions of the invention in minor amounts (without departing from the scope of the invention) for purposes of modifying conditions for processing into shaped articles.
  • the strong acid additives may contain one or more of the acid-soluble polymers described in Helmimiak, et al.. U.S. 4.207,407 and P..D. Sybert, "Rigid-Rod Polyquinolines: Synthesis, Structure-Property Relationships and. High-Strength Fibers", Colorado State University, Ph.D. Thesis, 1980. The above cited patent and thesis are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the liquid crystalline extended chain polymer compositions are extremely suitable for spinning into highly ordered and high strength fibers.
  • Such fibers are useful as reinforcement substitutes for other inorganic or organic products.
  • Various examples include glass fibers, asbestos, boron fibers, carbon and graphite fibers, whiskers, quartz and silica fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers, natural organic fibers, and synthetic organic fibers.
  • a reinforcement may be defined simply as the material that is added to a resinous matrix to improve the strength and other physical and chemical properties of the material.
  • the polymers of the instant compositions can be employed in any use typically performed by engineering thermoplastic materials, such as metal replacements and those areas where high performance is necessary.
  • Extended chain polymer compositions may be employed for use in forming high strength films suitable in the production of composites, belts, tires, i.e., as tire cords, and the like.
  • the films are suitable as construction materials for rocket nose cones and various other parts of space craft.
  • the properties of the article formed may be controlled to suit the desired use.
  • the control of polymer properties is an advantage, since, in the various areas of utility for such polymers, e.g. as laminates, structural materials, adhesives and ablative materials, the needs vary .considerably.
  • Examples 1-5 below are illustrative of low molecular weight (i.e., low intrinsic viscosity) and/or low polymer concentration compositions.
  • the 115% PPA was obtained from FMC Corporation and heated to 150oC under an argon atmosphere, heated at 150°C under reduced pressure for 18h, and cooled to room temperature immediately before use.
  • the viscous mixture was stirred and an ice bath was applied for 24h to prevent vigorous foaming. Five additional days of stirring at room temperature were required to remove enough hydrogen chloride to allow heating above room temperature.
  • a clear, viscous solution was obtained after heating for 18h at 80°C.
  • Finely powdered 2a (622.90g, 3.7454 mol) and an additional 2.773g of the above 115% PPA were then added. The mixture was then stirred and heated to 140°C for 3h and then heated at 150-160°C for 16h.
  • the mixture was then placed under reduced pressure and the temperature slowly raised to 70°C.
  • the orange- yellow mixture was then heated to 150°C over a 2h period.
  • the resulting dark red solution was optically isotropic.
  • the solution was then stirred at 150°C for an additional 24h.
  • the polymer was isolated from the resulting optically isotropic solution containing 8.8% of the polymer by precipitation with water to give brittle films.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the isolated polymer was 3.0 dL/g in methanesulfonic acid at 30°C.
  • the solution was then heated under reduced pressure as follows: 90°C for 0.5h; 100°C for 0.5h; 110°C for 0.5h; 130°C for 0.5h; 140°C for 0.5h; 180°C for 8h; 150°C for 5h; 190°C for 16h; 160°C for 16h; 160°C for 16h; 200°C for 200h and 170°C for 7h.
  • the resulting isotropic solution having a concentration of polymer of 9.4% by weight gave only brittle amorphous films when precipitated in water.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the isolated polymer was 3.80 dL/g in methanesulfonic acid at 30.0°C.
  • the isolated polymer had an intrinsic viscosity of 4.57 dL/g in MSA at 30.0°C.
  • compositions of this invention are further illustrated in the following examples. These are intended only to demonstrate the invention and are not to be construed as limiting its scope, which scope is instead defined by the appended claims.
  • PPA polyphosphoric acid
  • Terephthalic acid (2a) was obtained from Amoco Chemicals Company, reduced to an average particle size of 95% ⁇ 10 um by an air-impact method, and dried before use. All monomers and P 2 O 5 that were added to PPA were deaerated by placing them in a desiccator, applying reduced pressure, filling
  • a mixture of 88.2g of concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85.4% H 3 PO 4 ) and 205.2g of 115% PPA was stirred at 100°C for 2h under reduced pressure. After allowing the PPA solution to cool to approximately 50°C a portion of this solution (282.1g) was added to a 500 mL resin kettle containing 53.01013g (0.21620 mol) of 1a. After stirring to incorporate the solid monomer into the PPA, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h under argon and then under reduced pressure at: 25-30°C for 24h; 50°C for 3h; and 70°C for 16h.
  • Monomer 2a (35.91734g, 0.216196 mol) was then added to the resulting clear light green solution in four portions. After the addition of each portion, the reaction kettle was placed under reduced pressure before the 2a was incorporated by stirring. The mixture was allowed to cool to approximately 50oC before 118.3g of P 2 O 5 was added to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content to 83.9%. The viscous slurry was then heated as follows: 100-170°C in 3h; 170°C for 17h; 185°C for 5h; and 200°C for
  • the intrinsic viscosities (in dL/g) of the polymer were determined from samples of the polymer solution withdrawn at the polymerization times indicated: 9.2 (8.5h), 12.6 (25.5h), 15.8 (44.0h). Heating this reaction solution at 200°C for an additional 76h only increased the intrinsic viscosity of the component to 16.4 dL/g.
  • the reaction product is characterized as having a final P 2 O 5 content of approximately 80.8% with the polymer concentration being approximately 12.6wt%.
  • Powdered phosphorus pentoxide (114.4g) was then added to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content to 86.4% and the mixture was stirred at 100°C for 27h.
  • the polymerization mixture was then heated as follows: 100-170°C in 1h; 170°C for 21.5h; and 200°C for 71.5h.
  • the intrinsic viscosities (in dL/g) of the polymer were determined from samples withdrawn at the polymerization times indicated: 23.1 (22.5h), 24.8 (29.0h), 27.0
  • the reaction product is characterized as having a final effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% and a polymer concentration being approximately 15.2 wt%.
  • the green reaction product exhibits stir-opalescence and is characterized as having a final effective P 2 O 5 content of 82.2% with polymer concentration being approximately 15.1wt%.
  • P 2 O 5 was added to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content to 86.5%.
  • the polymerization mixture was heated as follows: 100-170°C in 3h; 170°C for 20h; and 200°C for 1.5h.
  • the intrinsic viscosities (in dL/g) were determined from samples withdrawn at the indicated reaction times: 17.9 (14h), 18.5 (16.5h), 19.0 (23h),
  • reaction product exhibited stir-opalescence and is characterized as having a final effective P 2 O 5 content of 82.2% with the polymer concentration being approximately 15.6% by weight.
  • the polymerization was stirred under argon at: 100°C for 30 min; 110°C for 30 min; 120°C for 30 min; 130°C for 30 min; 140°C for 30 min; 150°C for 30 min; 160°C for 45 min; 170°C for 11h; 185°C for 5h; and 200°C for
  • a mixture of 74.52g of 85.7% orthophosphoric acid and 173.88g of 115% PPA (83.8% P 2 O 5 content) is stirred under reduced pressure for 2h at 100oC.
  • 55.23561g (0.225273 mol) of 1a (prepared as described in Example 8) and 45.73607g (0.225273 mol) of 2b (freshly sublimed) are added in eight portions.
  • each portion of monomer stirring is initiated to incorporate the monomer.
  • the mixture is then stirred while the temperature is slowly increased and the pressure is slowly decreased until dehydrochlorination is complete.
  • Deaerated phosphorus pentoxide (87.54g) is then added to the dehydrochlorination mixture at 50°C.
  • the mixture is then stirred at 100°C for several hours.
  • the polymerization is then stirred under an argon atmosphere at 170oC for approximately
  • the resulting product contains 15 wt% of -EA in PPA (82.2% P 2 O 5 ) .
  • Powdered P 2 O 5 (83.17g) was then added to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content to approximately 87.2%.
  • the resulting yellow slurry was stirred at 100oC for 15h under an argon flow.
  • This slurry which had not noticeably increased in bulk viscosity, was then stirred vigorously and heated by increasing the oil bath temperature from 100°C to 178°C within 40 minutes, and to 185°C within 1h. Polymerization times indicated below begin with time above 100oC. The 185°C temperature was then maintained for 76.5h.
  • Intrinsic viscosities in MSA at 30°C were determined for the - polymer from samples withdrawn at the indicated polymerization times: 16.6 (1.5h), 21.7 (2.25h), 24.2 (3.25h), 35.7 (7.7h), and 42.1 (76.5h).
  • the intrinsic viscosity of 42.1 corresponds to an average n value of polymerization of about 140.
  • the polymerization product was stir-opalescent after a polymerization time of 0.75h and was found to be highly drawable after 1.25h.
  • Fibers prepared by directly drawing this product and precipitating the strands into water were amber, translucent, birefringent (crossed polars), showed extinction of transmitted light when a single polaroid sheet was placed perpendicular to the fiber direction, and could be fibrillated into microfibrils. Fibers prepared after 1.5h by the same method were noticeably stronger than the sample at 1.25h. The bulk viscosity of the product and the relaxation time of opalescence had noticeably increased after 2.25h. The P 2 O 5 content of the PPA component of the product was approximately 83.2% and the concentration of the polymer was 14.5% by weight based on the total weight of the resulting reaction product.
  • the resulting reaction product was deep purple with a metallic luster, exhibited stir-opalescence, depolarized plane-polarized light as evidenced by strong birefringence when viewed between crossed polars, and is further characterized as having a final effective P 2 O 5 content of 82% with the polymer concentration being 13.3% by weight.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer isolated from the reaction product was 23.9 dL/g in MSA at 30°C, which corresponds to an average number of recurring units, n, of approximately 110.
  • the reaction product from Example 13 was drawn many times its length to give highly fibrillar fibers.
  • a portion of the solution was removed from the reaction flask and placed in a KBr press equipped with a die with a circular orifice of 0.13 mm in diameter.
  • the solution was extruded into the air and stretched by pulling manually and then the fiber was dipped in water.
  • the fiber thus produced was washed with water and then dried under tension in an air oven overnight at 110oC.
  • the fiber produced was measured to be between 0.0093 mm and 0.012 mm in diameter. High orientation was evident from fibrils which split from the surface of the fiber and by the complete extinction of light transmitted through the fiber when a single polaroid was placed in a perpendicular direction only between the source and the fiber.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 48.9831g (0.19978 mol) of monomer 1a is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 269.68g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 80.9g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 188.8g of 115% PPA) . When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 79.9805g (0.19978 mol) of monomer 2s is added followed by the gradual addition of 142.23g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.07% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 19%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 64.4470g (0.26284 mol) of monomer 1a is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 341.97g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 102.6g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with
  • Example 8 The amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 83.7% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 17%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 15 dL/g in MSA at 30oC which corresponds to an n value of average polymerization of about 100.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 61.1619g (0.28706 mol) of monomer 1b is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 338.4g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 101.5g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 236.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 69.5488g (0.28706 mol) of monomer 2j is added followed by the gradual addition of 140.1g of P 2 O 5 The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8. The amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 83.8% prior to the start of
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 17%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 16 dL/g in MSA at 30oC which corresponds to an n value of average polymerization of about 60.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 81.9923g (0.28869 mol) of monomer 1c is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 366.8g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 110g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 256.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete. 69.9438g (0.28869 mol) of monomer 2j is added followed by the gradual addition of 148.4g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 83.8% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-cpalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 16%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 16 dL/g in MSA at 30°C which corresponds to an n value of average polymerization of about 60.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 93.8232g (0.29202 mol) of monomer 1i is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 263.5g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 79.1g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 184.4g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 48.5129g (0.29202 mol) of monomer 2a is added followed by the gradual addition of 171g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P2O5 content of approximately 86.2% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P2O5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantially complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 93.1836g (0.32225 mol) of monomer 1j is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 254.0g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 76.2g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 177.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 53.5357g (0.32225 mol) of monomer 2a is added, followed by the gradual addition of 178.4g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 86.6% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantially complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 14 dL/g in SA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 93.1836g (0.32225 mol) of monomer 1k is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 254.0g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 76.2g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 177.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 53.5357g (0.32225 mol) of monomer 2a is added, followed by the gradual addition of 178.4g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 86.6% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantially complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 14 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 128.474g (0.32431 mol) of monomer 11 is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 223.5g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 79.4% (prepared by mixing 44.7g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 178.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 53.8778g (0.32431 mol) of monomer 2a is added, followed by the gradual addition of 197.0g of P 2 O 5 .
  • Inorganic salts such as lithium salts (e.g., LiCl, LiF, Lithium phosphate, and the like) can be added at this point, if required, to promote polymer solubility.
  • the mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 89.1% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantially complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 70.3707g (0.21902 mol) of monomer 1i is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 323.1g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2%
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 68.1280g (0.23560 mol) of monomer 1j is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 320.7g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2%
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 15 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 68.1280g (0.23560 mol) of monomer 1k is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 320.64g PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2% (prepared by mixing 96.19g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 184.4g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 57.0824g (0.23560 mol) of monomer 2j is added followed by the gradual addition of 126.88g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P2O5 content of approximately 83.7% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P2O5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantially complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Type I extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • reaction product in MSA at 30.1oC.
  • the reaction product is characterized as having a final effective P 2 O 5 content of 82.2% with the polymer having a concentration of 15.1% by weight.
  • a mixture of 125.8g of 115% PPA and 53.9g of concentrated phosphoric acid (85.7% H 3 PO 4 ) was heated to 100oC for 4h under reduced pressure in a 500 mL 3-necked flask.
  • the % P 2 O 5 content profile for this Example is illustrated in Figure 12.
  • To a 500 mL resin kettle was added 91.85g (0.4466 mol) of 3a.
  • the kettle containing the monomer was deaerated.
  • 108.17g of the PPA prepared above (having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.2%) was then added.
  • the kettle was then heated with an oil bath at 50°C under a thin stream of argon overnight.
  • the kettle was then placed under reduced pressure again and heated to 70°C for 23h.
  • P 2 O 5 (108.32g) was then added in three portions to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content to 88.5%. Reduced pressure was applied to degas the P 2 O 5 and to cause foaming that aided in mixing. After 3h of stirring the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained at that temperature under reduced pressure for 21h. The mixture was stir-opalescent and depolarized plane-polarized light. The mixture was then heated as follows: 115°C under argon for 3h; 130°C under reduced pressure for 2h; 170°C for 0.5h; 190oC for 17h. A sample of the green, opalescent reaction product was removed and gave a fibrillar, golden-colored fiber upon drawing followed by precipitation in water.
  • Example 27 The procedure of Example 27 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomer 3a, 146.9123g (0.4305753 mol) of monomer 3k is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 265.9g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 78.6g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 187.4g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, an additional 144.85g of P 2 O 5 is gradually added to the mixture and dissolved by stirring and heating essentially according to the schedule given in Example 27.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.3% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 19%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 15 dL/g in MSA at 30°C which corresponds to an average n value of polymerization of about 70.
  • Example 27 The procedure of Example 27 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomer 3a, 161.90g
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 88.6% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 19%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 12 Ll/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 27 The procedure of Example 27 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomer 3a, 161.90g (0.85391 mol) of monomer 3d is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 221.7g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 65.50g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 156.2g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, an additional 203.Ig of P 2 O 5 is gradually added to the mixture and dissolved by stirring and heating essentially according to Example 27.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 88.2% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 18%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Type II extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 99.923g
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.4% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.0% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 10%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 10 dL/g in MSA at 30°C. Analogous to the foregoing Example 31, other Type III extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • the mixtiure is then stirred and heated essentially according to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 86.6% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective E 2 O 5 conten't of approximately 82.0% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 15%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7dL/g in MSA at 30oC.
  • Type III extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • Example 27 The procedure of Example 27 is essentially repeated . Instead of monomer 3a, 117.5156g (0.5149463 mol) of monomer 5a is dissolved in an
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 10%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 10 dL/g in MSA at 30°C .
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 70.784g (0.28869 mol) of monomer 1a is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 242.6g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 71.7g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 171. Og of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 71.070g (0.28869 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 162.9g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 86.4% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 19%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 13 The procedure of Example 13 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1b and 2a, 67.798g (0.31820 mol) of monomer 1b is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" mixture of 343.3g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 101.4g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 241.9g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 78.336g (0.31820 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 200.4g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 13.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.7% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 15%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at. 30oC.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 90.945g (0.32021 mol) of monomer 1c is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 402.5g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 192.1g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 210.4g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 78.830g (0.32021 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 307.8g of P 2 O 5. The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.9% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 12%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30oC.
  • Type V extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 58.035g (0.23669 mol) of monomer 1a is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 307.7g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 90.9g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 216.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 76.281g (0.23669 mol) of monomer 6b is added followed by the gradual addition of 163.5g of
  • the mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.2% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 17%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30oC.
  • Example 13 The procedure of Example 13 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1b and 2a, 54.581g (0.25617 mol) of monomer 1b is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 330.4g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 97.6g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 232.7g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 82.559g (0.25617 mol) of monomer 6b is added followed by the gradual addition of 176.2g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 13.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.2% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 73.126g (0.25747 mol) of monomer lc is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 362.6g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 107. Ig of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 255.5g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 82.978g (0.25747 mol) of monomer 6b is added followed by the gradual addition of 185.5g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.0% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 15%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 6 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Type V extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 76.047g (0.23369 mol) of monomer, 1i is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial"solution of 369.2g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 109. Ig of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 260. Ig of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 58.269g (0.23369 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 180.4g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.8% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 15%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • EXAMPLE 41 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 74.075g (0.25617 mol) of monomer 1j is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 493.7g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 145.9g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 347.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete. 63.065g (0.25617 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 221.2g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.3% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 12%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 6 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 74.075g (0.25617 mol) of monomer Ik is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 493.7g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 145.9g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 347.8g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 63.065g (0.25617 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 221.2g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.3% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 12%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 6 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 101.996g (0.25747 mol) of monomer 11 is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 493.3g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 145.7g of 85.4% HgPO 4 with 347.6g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 63.385g (0.25747 mol) of monomer 6a is added followed by the gradual addition of 221.5g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.3% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 Og content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 12%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30oC.
  • Type V extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • Example 27 The procedure of Example 27 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomer 3a, 123.074g (0.64042 mol) of monomer 9a is dissolved in an "initial" solution of 423.1g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 125.0g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 298.1g of 115% PPA). When dissolution is substantially complete, an additional 223.0g of P 2 O 5 is gradually added to the mixture and dissolved by stirring and heating essentially according to Example 27.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.1% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 13%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 10 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 86.502g (0.30457 mol) of monomer lc is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 478.4g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 141.3g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 337.0g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 79.864g (0.30457 mol) of monomer 7a is added followed by the gradual addition of 233.0g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 84.7% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 12%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 10 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Type VII extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 102.35g (0.48036 mol) of monomer 1b is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 329.2g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 97.3g of 85.4% H 3 PO4 with 231.9g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 67.296g (0.48036 mol) of monomer 8a is added followed by the gradual addition of 250.5g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8. The amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 14%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30oC
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 137.73g (0.48494 mol) of monomer 1c is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 370.8g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 109.6g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 261.3g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 67.939g (0.48494 mol) of monomer 8a is added followed by the gradual addition of 263.5g of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 86.7% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 13%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 7 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • Type VIII extended chain polymers may be synthesized to yield liquid-crystalline compositions having varying proportions of polymer concentration, P 2 O 5 content and polymer intrinsic viscosity in accordance with the present invention.
  • the synthesis is illustrated by the reaction systems in Table 28.
  • the e------> and p------> denote especially preferred and preferred selected monomer reactions respectively.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 is essentially repeated. Instead of monomers 1a and 2a, 140.33 (0.35423 mol) of monomer 11 is dehydrochlorinated in an "initial" solution of 313.01g of PPA having a P 2 O 5 content of 77.3% (prepared by mixing 92.5g of 85.4% H 3 PO 4 with 220.5g of 115% PPA). When dehydrochlorination is substantially complete, 49.627g (0.35423 mol) of monomer 8a is added followed by the gradual addition of 263.0 of P 2 O 5 . The mixture is then stirred and heated according to a schedule similar to Example 8.
  • the amount of P 2 O 5 added is preselected (as determined in accord with the aforementioned formulae a* and b*) to provide the reaction mixture with an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 85.8% prior to the start of polymerization and an effective P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.2% subsequent to substantial complete polymerization.
  • the reaction product obtained exhibits stir-opalescence and is further characterized as having a polymer concentration of 14%; fibers are readily formed by direct spinning, or drawing from the reaction product.
  • the polymer obtained is of the following structure: characterized by an intrinsic viscosity of 6 dL/g in MSA at 30oC
  • the final concentration of the resulting random copolymer was 16.8% in a PPA with an approximate P 2 O 5 content of 82.5%. Fibers of the copolymer were isolated by drawing the resulting green, opalescent product and precipitating into water. The intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer isolated after heating at 200°C for 1.5h was shown to be 25.4 dL/g and actually decreased to 24.4 dL/g after completing the above heating schedule.
  • the copolymer obtained apparently is of the following structure:
  • the mole fraction of Al units (a.b.) is believed to be 0.95
  • the mole fraction of BI units (a 2 b 1 ) is believed to be 0.05
  • the average block lengths y 11 and y 21 are believed to be 20 and 1, respectively
  • the average total number of recurring units of both types (n) is believed to be approximately 100.
  • the optically anisotropic product contained 5.3 wt% polymer in PPA (84.0% P 2 O 5 content). Precipitation of a small amount of the polymeric product provided the random copolymer, believed to have the structure: 1
  • the polymerization mixture was then stirred under an argon atmosphere at 110°C for 30 min; 120°C for 30 min; 130°C for 30 min; 140°C for 30 min; 150°C for 30 min; 160°C for 30 min; and 170°C for 14.5h.
  • the polymerization mixture was heated under an argon atmosphere without stirring at 185°C for 5h and at 193-200°C for 28h.
  • the final polymer concentration was 7.6 wt% in PPA (83.0% P 2 O 5 ).
  • Precipitation of a small amount of the anisotropic polymer product provided the random copolymer of Type IX, Class 1 with the structure:
  • the isolated copolymer possessed an intrinsic viscosity of 26.36 dL/g in MSA at 30°C, which corresponds to an n value of approximately 110.
  • the concentration of the resulting copolymer was 15.9% in PPA with a P 2 O 5 content of approximately 82.5%.
  • the reaction product was stir-opalescent and was drawn into oriented fibers.
  • the copolymer possessed an intrinsic viscosity of 7.9 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • the structure of the resulting polymer is believed to be:
  • n is approximately 40.
  • Powdered P 2 O 5 (45.00g) was then added to the mixture that had been cooled to 50°C to increase the effective P 2 O 5 content before polymerization to 86.8%.
  • the mixture was then stirred for 17h at 100oC under an argon flow.
  • the yellow mixture was then heated with stirring under argon as follows: 120°C for 1h; 130-140°C for 1h; 150°C for 2h; 160°C for 0.5h; 170°C for 4h (stir-opalescence was apparent during this time); 185°C for 15.5h; and 200°C for 75h.
  • the final concentration of the. resulting random copolymer was 16.4% in PPA, with a P 2 O 5 content of approximately of 82.2%.
  • the polymer obtained apparently is of the following structure:
  • y 11 and y 12 are believed to be 20 and 1, respectively.
  • Example 49 The procedure of Example 49 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 95 mol% of monomer 1a, 5 mol% of monomer 1b, and 100 mol% of monomer 2a, a mixture of 50 mol% of monomer 1a and 50 mol% of monomer 1c is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of a stoichiometric amount of monomer 2a and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 49 The procedure of Example 49 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 95 mol% of monomer 1a, 5 mol% of monomer 1b, and 100 mol% of monomer 2a, a mixture of 50 mol% of monomer 1b and 50 mol% of monomer 1c is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of a stoichiometric amount of monomer 2a and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%) , the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg. 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 2j and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 2k and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the .final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 21 and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 2j and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 2k and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 50 mol% of monomer 2a and 50 mol% of monomer 21 and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg. 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 75 mol% of monomer 2a and 25 mol% of monomer 2i and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%) , the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 75 mol% of monomer 2a and 25 mol% of monomer 2i and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1c is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 75 mol% of monomer 2a and 25 mol% of monomer 2i and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 75 mol% of monomer 2a and 25 mol% of monomer 2e and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 75 mol% of monomer 2a and 25 mol% of monomer 2e and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%) , the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 49 The procedure of Example 49 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 95 mol% of monomer 1a, 5 mol% of monomer 1b, and 100 mol% of monomer 2a, a mixture of 60 mol% of monomer 1a and 40 mol% of monomer 1i is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of a stoichiometric amount of monomer 2a and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 49 The procedure of Example 49 was essentially repeated. Instead of using 95 mol% of monomer 1a, 5 mol% of monomer 1b, and 100 mol% of monomer 2a, a mixture of 80 mol% of monomer 1a and 20 mol% of monomer 11 was substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of a stoichiometric amount of monomer 2a and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture was then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed was anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibited stir-opalescence) and was formed into ordered fibers by simple drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is believed to be of the following structure:
  • Example 49 The procedure of Example 49 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 95 mol% of monomer 1a, 5 mol% of monomer 1b, and 100 mol% of monomer 2a, a mixture of 85 mol% of monomer lc and 15 mol% of monomer 11 is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of a stoichiometric amount of monomer 2a and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 52 The procedure of Example 52 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 90 mol% of monomer 2a, and 10 mol% of monomer 2aa, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 95 mol% of monomer 2a and 5 mol% of monomer 2aa and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1b is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 95 mol% of monomer 2a and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%) , the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is essentially repeated. Instead of using 100 mol% of monomer 1a, 95 mol% of monomer 2a, and 5 mol% of monomer 2gg, 100 mol% of monomer 1a is substantially dehydrochlorinated in a comparable weight percent of PPA with essentially similar P 2 O 5 content. After the addition of 95 mol% of monomer 2a and 5 mol% of monomer 2ff and an appropriate amount of P 2 O 5 (thereby raising the final P 2 O 5 content to substantially above about 82%), the resultant mixture is then heated in essentially the same manner in accordance with Example 12 to provide a copolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning, or drawing.
  • the copolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Step A and Step B Two polymerizations (Step A and Step B) were conducted simultaneously in separate resin kettles and combined at a later stage (Step C) to give a product of a block copolymer believed to have the following structure :
  • a 1 b 1 is 0.793 and a 1 b 2 is 0.207 and y 11 is greater than about 30.
  • Step A Preparation of .
  • a mixture of 92.06g of 115% PPA and 39.45g of concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85.7% H 3 PO 4 ) was stirred at 100°C for 2h under reduced pressure.
  • a portion (128.63g) of the hot PPA (77.3% P 2 O 5 ) was added under a flow of argon to a resin kettle containing 41.42682g (0.16896 mol) of 1a.
  • the mixture was stirred at 50°C under argon flow for 15h. then under reduced pressure at 60°C for 23.5h. 70°C for 6h, and 80°C for 8.5h to effect dehydrochlorination.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of Polymer fAI*n isolated from the reaction mixture immediately before Step C was 2.3 dL/g which corresponds to an n value (average number of recurring units) of 30 and a p value (extent of reaction) of 0.983.
  • Step B Preparation of .
  • a mixture of 30.72g of 115% PPA and 13.13g of concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85.7% H 3 PO 4 ) was stirred at 100°C for 2h under reduced pressure.
  • the PPA (41.66g; 77.3% P 2 O 5 ) was added without cooling under a flow of argon to a resin kettle containing 13.80877g (0.05632 mol) of la.
  • the mixture was stirred at 50oC under argon flow for 15h, then under reduced pressure at 60°C for 23.5h. 70°C for 6h, and 80°C for 35.5h.
  • Isophthalic acid (2ss) (9.3569g, 0.05632 mol) that had been obtained from Aldrich Chemical Company in 99% purity was twice recrystallized from 90% aqueous ethanol and dried at 110°C for 24h and was then added in two portions incorporating the solid after each addition. The mixture was cooled to approximately 40oC and then 31.59g of P 2 O 5 was added. The mixture was then heated simultaneously and at the same heating schedule as the solution in Step A.
  • Step C Block Copolymerization.
  • 72g of the viscous, red, optically isotropic product from Step B was added to the kettle from Step A under an argon atmosphere at the time indicated in Step A.
  • Both kettles were heated under an argon flow as follows: 170°C for 12.8h; 190°C for 2h; 200°C for 26h.
  • the resulting mixture remained stir-opalescent and continued to polymerize as indicated by intrinsic viscosities of samples removed at various times.
  • the final sample of the resulting copolymer had an intrinsic viscosity of 17.5 dL/g in MSA at 30°C.
  • the weight percent of polymer in the product from Step A was 16.2; the weight percent of polymer fAG"* in the product from Step B was 16.3.
  • Step A Two polymerizations were conducted simultaneously in separate resin kettles (Steps A and B) , and combined at a later stage (Step C) to give a block polymer product believed to have the following structure:
  • a 1 b 1 is 0.587 and a 1 b 2 is 0.413 and Y 11 is greater than about 40.
  • Step A Preparation of .
  • a mixture of 36.73g of 115% PPA and 24.43g of concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85.0% H 3 PO 4 ) was stirred at 100°C for 4.5h under reduced pressure.
  • a portion (58.69%) of the hot PPA (74.9% P 2 O 5 ) was added under a flow of argon to a resin kettle containing 20.71434g (0.08448 mol) of 1a.
  • the mixture was stirred under reduced pressure at 50°C for 1h, 70°C for 1.3h, and 80°C for 23h.
  • To dissolve monomer 6.02g of P 2 O 5 was added, and the kettle was heated at 80°C for an additional 26h.
  • Step B Preparation of A mixture of 63.88g of 115% PPA and 42.51g of concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85.0% H 3 PO 4 ) was stirred at 100°C for 4.5h under reduced pressure. A portion (104.41g) of the PPA (74.9% P 2 O 5 ) was added without cooling under a flow of argon to a resin kettle containing 20.26865g (0.08266 mol) of 1a. The mixture was stirred under reduced pressure at 50°C for 0.8h, 60°C for 7.5h. and 80°C for 9.5h.
  • Sebacic acid (monomer 2zz, purified by crystallization of the disodium salt, then repeated recrystallization of the free acid in H 2 O and dried in vacuo at 80°C for 24h) (16.7190g, 0.08266 mol). was then added in three portions to the resin kettle, incorporating after each addition. The mixture was cooled to 50oC and 70.91g of P 2 O 5 was added slowly. The polymerization proceeded rapidly, and the gellike solid was heated without stirring at 100°C for 16.5h and at 130°C for 7.8h. At this time the polymer was removed in an inert atmophere, leaving a portion in the kettle which was reassembled and heated according to the same schedule as the block copolymer.
  • Step C Block Copolymerization.
  • a portion of the polymer from Step B (153.13g) was added under an argon atmosphere to the kettle from Step A.
  • the mixture was then stirred under argon flow at 170°C for 16h and at 200°C for 28h.
  • the mixture remained stir-opalescent and continued to polymerize as shown by an increase in the bulk viscosity.
  • the weight percent of polymer in the product from Step A was 16.1; the weight percent of polymer in the product from Step B was 12.1.
  • the weight percent of block copolymer was calculated to be 12.1; the weight percents of and segments of the block copolymer in solution were 6.8 and 5.6 respectively.
  • the mole percent of mesogenic and units were 58.7 and 41.3 respectively, as calculated from the weights of the constituent polymers added.
  • the resulting polymer isolated was not completely soluble in methane sulfonic acid thus precluding intrinsic viscosity measurements.
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 13 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 3:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 13 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 13 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:3. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 13 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:4. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and fate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 28 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 2:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 13 and 28 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of
  • the polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product.
  • the product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 16 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 17 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and fate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 18 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 13 and 17 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of
  • the polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product.
  • the product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the .(partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 19 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 8 and 22 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1.5:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Subsequent to the start of polymerization and at a preselected range of intrinsic viscosities or after a predetermined selected temperature and rate of reaction, the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) of Examples 28 and 22 are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1.5:1. The polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product. The product so formed is anisotropic- liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Instead of using monomers 1a and 2ss in Step B, equimolar quantities of monomers 1a and 2ff are polymerized at a comparable concentration and to a comparable extent of reaction.
  • the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) from Steps A and B are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1.5:1.
  • the polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product.
  • the product so formed is anisotropic-liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is essentially repeated. Instead of using monomers 1a and 2ss in Step B, equimolar quantities of monomers 1a and 2xx are polymerized at a comparable concentration and to. a comparable extent of reaction.
  • the (partially completed) separate polymerization products (i.e., homo-oligomers) from Steps A and B are diverted into a common agitated reaction vessel in amounts to give a ratio of 1.5:1.
  • the polymerization of the resultant mixture is allowed to continue to form a substantially polymerized blockpolymerization product.
  • the product so formed is anisotropic- liquid crystalline (exhibits stir-opalescence) and can be directly utilized for forming into articles by spinning or drawing and the like.
  • the blockpolymer obtained is of the following structure:

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Abstract

Compositions nouvelles à concentration élevée d'un ou de plusieurs homopolymères à chaîne étendue, de copolymères ou de polymères-bloc et de certains acides polyphosphoriques. De telles compositions sont optiquement anisotropiques (matériau cristallin liquide), capables de présenter une excellente force de cohésion, et conviennent particulièrement bien à la production de fibres polymères classées de poids moléculaire élevé par filage ou mouillé par jet sec. Ces compositions cristallines liquides peuvent être étirées sur de grandes distances d'écart d'air et filées à des rapports étirage/filage exceptionnellement élevés. Les fibres, les films et les autres articles formés à partir de ces compositions cristallines liquides présentent des propriétés de résistance à la chaleur et des propriétés physiques exceptionnellement élevées.
PCT/US1983/001437 1982-09-17 1983-09-15 Compositions polymeres cristallines liquides, procede et produits WO1984001162A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8320366A NL8320366A (nl) 1982-09-17 1983-09-15 Vloeibare kristallijne polymeersamenstellingen, werkwijze en produkten.
HK408/91A HK40891A (en) 1982-09-17 1991-05-30 Liquid crystalline polymer compositions,process,and products
SG915/91A SG91591G (en) 1982-09-17 1991-11-01 Liquid crystalline polymer compositions process and products

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PCT/US1982/001285 WO1984001160A1 (fr) 1982-09-17 1982-09-17 Compositions polymeres cristallines liquides, procede et produits
US06/433,831 US4533692A (en) 1982-09-17 1982-09-17 Liquid crystalline polymer compositions, process, and products

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990006960A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 The Dow Chemical Company Procede ameliore de synthese de polymeres heterocycliques
EP0231373B1 (fr) * 1985-08-05 1991-01-30 The Dow Chemical Company Procede de production d'une composition a base d'un polymere cristallin liquide a chaine etendue
US5422416A (en) * 1993-06-30 1995-06-06 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the synthesis of polybenzazole polymers
US7696302B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2010-04-13 Pbi Performance Products, Inc. High-molecular-weight polyazoles
US7838622B2 (en) 2005-11-02 2010-11-23 Teijin Limited Dope and process for the production of fiber from the dope
US10793893B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2020-10-06 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
CN114854015A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-05 中国科学院化学研究所 一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑类聚合物及其制备方法

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JPS53128350A (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-09 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
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JPS54128357A (en) * 1978-03-29 1979-10-04 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display cell
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JPS54133359A (en) * 1978-04-07 1979-10-17 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display element
US4225700A (en) * 1979-04-23 1980-09-30 Sri International Thermally stable rod-like polybenzobisthiazole polymers
US4263245A (en) * 1979-04-23 1981-04-21 Celanese Corporation Process for producing high-strength, ultralow denier polybenzimidazole (PBI) filaments
JPS569722A (en) * 1979-07-06 1981-01-31 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display element
US4342862A (en) * 1981-03-27 1982-08-03 Eastman Kodak Company Polyesters of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 2-phenylhydroquinone and modifications thereof
US4351918A (en) * 1981-04-06 1982-09-28 Celanese Corporation Poly(ester-amide) capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase derived from 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, other aromatic hydroxyacid, carbocyclic dicarboxylic acid, and aromatic monomer capable of forming an amide linkage
US4351917A (en) * 1981-04-06 1982-09-28 Celanese Corporation Poly(ester-amide) capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase derived from 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, aromatic monomer capable of forming an amide linkage, and other aromatic hydroxyacid
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0231373B1 (fr) * 1985-08-05 1991-01-30 The Dow Chemical Company Procede de production d'une composition a base d'un polymere cristallin liquide a chaine etendue
WO1990006960A1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 The Dow Chemical Company Procede ameliore de synthese de polymeres heterocycliques
US5422416A (en) * 1993-06-30 1995-06-06 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the synthesis of polybenzazole polymers
US7696302B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2010-04-13 Pbi Performance Products, Inc. High-molecular-weight polyazoles
US7838622B2 (en) 2005-11-02 2010-11-23 Teijin Limited Dope and process for the production of fiber from the dope
US11060128B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2021-07-13 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
US10793893B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2020-10-06 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
US11268128B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2022-03-08 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
US11274331B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2022-03-15 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
US11274332B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2022-03-15 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopyridine
US11845977B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2023-12-19 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopridine
US11873525B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2024-01-16 Serb Sa Methods of administering 3,4-diaminopridine
CN114854015A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-05 中国科学院化学研究所 一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑类聚合物及其制备方法

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