USRE31437E - Resistance material - Google Patents
Resistance material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE31437E USRE31437E US06/399,052 US39905282A USRE31437E US RE31437 E USRE31437 E US RE31437E US 39905282 A US39905282 A US 39905282A US RE31437 E USRE31437 E US RE31437E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- tcr
- rhodate
- metal
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
- H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
- H01C7/043—Oxides or oxidic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
- H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
- H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
- H01C17/06513—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component
- H01C17/06533—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component composed of oxides
- H01C17/0654—Oxides of the platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/021—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient formed as one or more layers or coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resistance material consisting .Iadd.essentially .Iaddend.of a mixture of .[.one or more metal oxidic compounds,.]. a permanent and a temporary binder, .[.one or more metal oxides and, possibly, a metal, the material containing.]. a metal-rhodate as the resistance-determining component, and to a resistor consisting of the resistance material providing onto a substrate and from which the temporary binder has been removed by heating and provided with leads.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,387 describes such a resistance material in which the resistance-determining component is a metal-rhodate defined by the composition M 3 Rh 7 O 15 , M preferably being Pb or Se.
- this compound relative to many previously suggested oxidic compounds for use as the resistance-determining component in resistance material is that it is a completed-reaction product which, with a permanent binder and, possibly, together with a different resistance-determining component having a different temperature dependency can be assembled in a simple manner on a suitable substrate to form a resistor body.
- resistance pastes were in common usage from which the resistance-determining component was not obtained until firing thereof on a substrate and by reaction with a vitreous binder, for example a lead oxide glass. This required rather long firing times (for example half an hour) at a relatively high temperature (approximately 800° C.).
- a further advantage is the linear negative temperature coefficient of the resistance (TCR) of this material, which temperature behaviour is rare. Combining this material with the much commoner material having a linear positive temperature coefficient enables the production of resistors having a very low TCR (/TCR/ ⁇ 100 ⁇ 10 -6 /° C. temperature range--100° to +200° C.).
- the invention furnishes a resistance-determining material having a linear positive TCR, also of the rhodate type, which can be assembled together with material having a linear negative TCR into resistors having a low TCR (/TCR/ ⁇ 100 ⁇ 10 -6 /° C.).
- the resistance material is characterized in that the resistance-determining component consists of barium rhodate defined by the composition BaRh 6 O 12 .
- a metal rhodate M 3 Rh 7 O 15 wherein M is preferably Pb or Sr in accordance with the above-mentioned U.S.-Specification, is used for the component with the negative linear TCR.
- the resistance body is produced with material in accordance with the invention by mixing the resistance-determining component(s) with a permanent binder and an organic temporary binder which can be removed by means of firing. After this mixture has been applied onto a substrate, the temporary binder is volatilized and/or decomposed by heating, the permanent binder ensuring cohesion by melting, softening or sintering.
- the permanent binder is preferably, a low-melting glass but may also be a synthetic resin material.
- Barium-rhodate and lead-rhodate are prepared by heating a mixture of BaO and Rh 2 O 3 in a molar ratio 1:3, and PbO and Rh 2 O 3 in a molar ratio 6:7, respectively, in air for 1 hour at 1000° C. and 3 hours at a temperature of 700° C., respectively, cooling the reaction product out aimed and grinding it to an average grain size of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- Mixtures of these powders are mixed in different ratios with glass powder having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m and thereafter processed into a paste by means of benzylbenzoate and ethyl cellulose.
- the glass powders employed had the following compositions, expressed in a percentage per weight:
- the pastes are spread on alundum plates which are dried in the air and thereafter fired in air for 15 minutes.
- the layer obtained is 15 ⁇ m thick.
- m represents the weight ratio BaRh 6 O 12 :Pb 3 Rh 7 O 15 and n the glass content of the total oxidic mixture (without temporary binder) in a percentage by weight.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Abstract
.[.Resistance material consisting of a mixture of metal oxidic compounds, metal oxides, a permanent binder and a temporary binder, the resistance-determining component consisting of barium-rhodate BaRh6 O12..]. .Iadd.Resistance material consisting essentially of a mixture of a permanent binder, a temporary binder and, as a resistance determining component, a barium-rhodate of the formula BaRh6 O12. .Iaddend.This component has a linear positive temperature coefficient of the resistance (TCR) and enables the production of a resistor having a very low TCR by combining the material with a material having a negative TCR. The resistor is obtained by firing this resistance material after it has been applied onto a substrate.
Description
The invention relates to a resistance material consisting .Iadd.essentially .Iaddend.of a mixture of .[.one or more metal oxidic compounds,.]. a permanent and a temporary binder, .[.one or more metal oxides and, possibly, a metal, the material containing.]. a metal-rhodate as the resistance-determining component, and to a resistor consisting of the resistance material providing onto a substrate and from which the temporary binder has been removed by heating and provided with leads.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,387 describes such a resistance material in which the resistance-determining component is a metal-rhodate defined by the composition M3 Rh7 O15, M preferably being Pb or Se.
The advantage of this compound relative to many previously suggested oxidic compounds for use as the resistance-determining component in resistance material is that it is a completed-reaction product which, with a permanent binder and, possibly, together with a different resistance-determining component having a different temperature dependency can be assembled in a simple manner on a suitable substrate to form a resistor body. Prior to that resistance pastes were in common usage from which the resistance-determining component was not obtained until firing thereof on a substrate and by reaction with a vitreous binder, for example a lead oxide glass. This required rather long firing times (for example half an hour) at a relatively high temperature (approximately 800° C.).
A further advantage is the linear negative temperature coefficient of the resistance (TCR) of this material, which temperature behaviour is rare. Combining this material with the much commoner material having a linear positive temperature coefficient enables the production of resistors having a very low TCR (/TCR/<100×10-6 /° C. temperature range--100° to +200° C.).
The invention furnishes a resistance-determining material having a linear positive TCR, also of the rhodate type, which can be assembled together with material having a linear negative TCR into resistors having a low TCR (/TCR/<100×10-6 /° C.).
According to the invention the resistance material is characterized in that the resistance-determining component consists of barium rhodate defined by the composition BaRh6 O12.
Surprisingly, it was found that whereas it was impossible to prepare the barium rhodate in conformity with the composition and the properties stated in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No., there is a barium rhodate defined by the composition BaRh6 O12 which has a positive, linear TCR and a totally different crystal structure and an elementary cell of a totally different structure than the known rhodate.
As mentioned above it is possible to assemble resistance bodies having a low TCR value and having a component with a negative linear TCR as the second resistance-determining component.
In accordance with a further elaboration of the invention a metal rhodate M3 Rh7 O15, wherein M is preferably Pb or Sr in accordance with the above-mentioned U.S.-Specification, is used for the component with the negative linear TCR.
The resistance body is produced with material in accordance with the invention by mixing the resistance-determining component(s) with a permanent binder and an organic temporary binder which can be removed by means of firing. After this mixture has been applied onto a substrate, the temporary binder is volatilized and/or decomposed by heating, the permanent binder ensuring cohesion by melting, softening or sintering. The permanent binder, is preferably, a low-melting glass but may also be a synthetic resin material.
The invention will now be further explained with reference to the following examples.
Barium-rhodate and lead-rhodate are prepared by heating a mixture of BaO and Rh2 O3 in a molar ratio 1:3, and PbO and Rh2 O3 in a molar ratio 6:7, respectively, in air for 1 hour at 1000° C. and 3 hours at a temperature of 700° C., respectively, cooling the reaction product out aimed and grinding it to an average grain size of 0.2 μm.
Mixtures of these powders are mixed in different ratios with glass powder having an average particle size of 1 μm and thereafter processed into a paste by means of benzylbenzoate and ethyl cellulose.
The glass powders employed had the following compositions, expressed in a percentage per weight:
______________________________________
1 2 3
______________________________________
PbO 74.0 53.5 --
BaO -- 18.3 42.1
SiO.sub.2
18.6 20.2 --
B.sub.2 O.sub.3
5.0 5.4 57.9
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
2.4 2.6 --
______________________________________
The pastes are spread on alundum plates which are dried in the air and thereafter fired in air for 15 minutes. The layer obtained is 15 μm thick.
The following table shows some mixing ratios and the results obtained therewith. Herein m represents the weight ratio BaRh6 O12 :Pb3 Rh7 O15 and n the glass content of the total oxidic mixture (without temporary binder) in a percentage by weight.
______________________________________
R/□
TCR
glass type m n(wt. %) (kΩ)
(10.sup.-6 /°C.)
______________________________________
1 1:1 50 0.85 +80
1 2:1 66 1.1 +20
1 5:1 80 45 -70
2 1:1 66 0.6 0
2 2:1 75 2.2 -50
2 7:1 85 23 +10
3 5:2 50 1.2 +80
3 4:1 66 2.5 +20
3 5:1 85 310 -50
______________________________________
Claims (5)
1. A resistance material consisting essentially of a mixture of .[.at least one metal oxidic compound.]., a permanent binder and a temporary binder, .[.at least one metal oxide.]. and, as a resistance determining component, a barium-rhodate of the formula BaRh6 O12.
2. The resistance material of claim 1 wherein in addition there is present a metal rhodate having a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance (TCR) in such a quantity that a desired level of TCR is achieved.
3. A material as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the component having a negative TCR is a metal-rhodate of the formula M3 Rh7 O15, where M=Pb or Sr.
4. A resistor formed by applying the resistance material of claim 1 to a substrate, heating said resistance material to a temperature sufficiently high to remove said temporary binder and to cause said permanent binder to adhere to said substrate thereby uniting said substrate and said resistance material into a coherent body and providing said coherent body with electrically conductive leads.
5. A novel compound having the formula BaRh6 O12. .Iadd.6. A resistance body comprising a coherent mixture of a resistance determining component and a permanent binder provided with electrically conductive leads characterized in that the resistance determining component is a barium rhodate of the formula Ba Rh6 O12. .Iaddend. .Iadd.7. The resistance body of claim 6 characterized in that in addition there is present a metal rhodate having a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance (TCR), in such a quantity that a desired level of TCR is achieved. .Iaddend. .Iadd.8. The resistance body of claim 7 characterized in that the component having a negative TCR is a metal rhodate of the formula M3 Rh7 O15 where M=Pb or Sr. .Iaddend.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7809554A NL7809554A (en) | 1978-09-20 | 1978-09-20 | RESISTANCE MATERIAL. |
| NL7809554 | 1978-09-20 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/074,598 Reissue US4277542A (en) | 1978-09-20 | 1979-09-12 | Resistance material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE31437E true USRE31437E (en) | 1983-11-01 |
Family
ID=19831580
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/074,598 Ceased US4277542A (en) | 1978-09-20 | 1979-09-12 | Resistance material |
| US06/399,052 Expired - Lifetime USRE31437E (en) | 1978-09-20 | 1982-07-16 | Resistance material |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/074,598 Ceased US4277542A (en) | 1978-09-20 | 1979-09-12 | Resistance material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4277542A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5541796A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2937373A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2437050A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2031869B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7809554A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5053283A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1991-10-01 | Spectrol Electronics Corporation | Thick film ink composition |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4377505A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-03-22 | General Electric Company | Electrical resistor and fabrication thereof |
| US4438158A (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1984-03-20 | General Electric Company | Method for fabrication of electrical resistor |
| US4362656A (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1982-12-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film resistor compositions |
| NL8301631A (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1984-12-03 | Philips Nv | RESISTANCE PASTE FOR A RESISTANCE BODY. |
| JPS62152499A (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1987-07-07 | 株式会社 フジミドレス | Sewing machine |
| US6478440B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-11-12 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Night light air freshener |
| EP3021331A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-18 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Positive temperature coefficient composition |
| EP3106762B1 (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-04-11 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Printed heater elements integrated in construction materials |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3374185A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1968-03-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electroconductive composition containing bapbo3 |
| US3553109A (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-01-05 | Du Pont | Resistor compositions containing pyrochlore-related oxides and noble metal |
| US3681262A (en) * | 1970-10-01 | 1972-08-01 | Du Pont | Compositions for making electrical elements containing pyrochlore-related oxides |
| US4019168A (en) * | 1975-08-21 | 1977-04-19 | Airco, Inc. | Bilayer thin film resistor and method for manufacture |
| US4107387A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-08-15 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Resistance material |
| US4145470A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-03-20 | Nippon Kogaku K.K. | Film resistor having a reduced temperature coefficient of resistance |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2953759A (en) * | 1953-07-01 | 1960-09-20 | Sprague Electric Co | Semi-conductor resistors |
| NL7216460A (en) * | 1972-12-05 | 1974-06-07 |
-
1978
- 1978-09-20 NL NL7809554A patent/NL7809554A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1979
- 1979-09-12 US US06/074,598 patent/US4277542A/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-09-15 DE DE19792937373 patent/DE2937373A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-09-17 JP JP11917479A patent/JPS5541796A/en active Granted
- 1979-09-17 GB GB7932105A patent/GB2031869B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-17 FR FR7923105A patent/FR2437050A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-07-16 US US06/399,052 patent/USRE31437E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3374185A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1968-03-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electroconductive composition containing bapbo3 |
| US3553109A (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-01-05 | Du Pont | Resistor compositions containing pyrochlore-related oxides and noble metal |
| US3681262A (en) * | 1970-10-01 | 1972-08-01 | Du Pont | Compositions for making electrical elements containing pyrochlore-related oxides |
| US4019168A (en) * | 1975-08-21 | 1977-04-19 | Airco, Inc. | Bilayer thin film resistor and method for manufacture |
| US4107387A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-08-15 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Resistance material |
| US4145470A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-03-20 | Nippon Kogaku K.K. | Film resistor having a reduced temperature coefficient of resistance |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5053283A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1991-10-01 | Spectrol Electronics Corporation | Thick film ink composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5541796A (en) | 1980-03-24 |
| GB2031869B (en) | 1983-02-02 |
| FR2437050A1 (en) | 1980-04-18 |
| FR2437050B1 (en) | 1984-01-06 |
| DE2937373A1 (en) | 1980-04-10 |
| GB2031869A (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| US4277542A (en) | 1981-07-07 |
| NL7809554A (en) | 1980-03-24 |
| JPS6317202B2 (en) | 1988-04-13 |
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