USRE21302E - Process of improving carbon black - Google Patents
Process of improving carbon black Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE21302E USRE21302E US21302DE USRE21302E US RE21302 E USRE21302 E US RE21302E US 21302D E US21302D E US 21302DE US RE21302 E USRE21302 E US RE21302E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- oil adsorption
- attrition
- hours
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 title description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 enamels Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for making an improved carbon black characterized by a low oil adsorption factor, improved dispersibility and particular adaptability for use as a color and reinforcing agent in rubber, plastics, lacquers, paints, enamels, inks and the like.
- the oil adsorption factor is a familiar index of pigment evaluation and may be determined according to the method of the A. S. T. M. (D281-28T) in the following manner.
- One gram of the air dried sample is placed on a glass plate, refined raw linseed oil is added, drop by drop, from a volumetric burette until by thorough incorporation With the black by means of rubbing with a steel spatula, a stiff putty-like paste is produced which does not break or separate.
- the quantity of oil required for the purpose being then read on the burette and the pounds of oil required to wet pounds of black calculated.
- My invention provides a process resulting in an improved product in which the degree of selective adsorption of the individual particle is greatly reduced without detriment to the other pigmentary qualities.
- the quantitative reduction of the oil adsorption factor, achieved by the improved process depends somewhat on the initial oil adsorption factor prior to treatment. The higher the initial factor, the greater will be the proportionate reduction, although several factors entering into the process may be varied so as to get different results. Among these factors are the time of treatment, speed of the machine, volume of charge, temperature control and atmospheric medium employed.
- the carbon black may be subjected to ball milling at a temperature of from 400 F. to 800 F. for periods varying from 5 to 15 hours to produce a highly improved carbon black as regards reduced oil adsorption, and the carbon black will have a color value of 200 or better. Milling for five hours gives from to as much improvement as is produced by continuing the milling 15 hours. The oil adsorption decreases rather rapidly during the first few hours of milling, and later the proportionate decrease per hour becomes less, until after fifteen hours of continuous operation further milling produces only a relatively small decrease in oil adsorption per hour. I have further found that while the color loss is progressive during the milling, the net loss is slight when the temperature of the carbon black is maintained at least at 800 F. I have further found that a slow speed of the ball mill seems to give the best results. It should also be noted that while CO2 is the most practical gas to use to provide an inert atmosphere, any nonoxidizing gas such as nitrogen may be used.
- carbon blacks so treated exhibit greatly improved dispersing qualities when admixed to rubber, plastics, lacquers, paints, enamels, inks and the like.
- the process of improving carbon black by reducing its oil adsorption value without substantially reducing its color value which comprises subjecting the said carbon black to attrition in a non-oxidizing atmosphere where no chemical reaction takes place and while the carbon black is at a temperature within the range from about 400 F. to about 800 F. for from 5 to 15 hours.
- a process for reducing the oil adsorption factor of carbon black without detriment to its pigmentary qualities which comprises subjecting dry carbon black to attrition at elevated temperatures in a rotary drum having attrition members therein and in the presence of an inert atmosphere for preventing oxidation of the carbon black.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Description
Reissued Dec. 19, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Walther H. Grote, New York, N. Y., assignor to United Carbon Company, Inc., a corporation of Maryland No Drawing. Original No. 2,066,274, dated December 29, 1936, Serial No. 707,417, January Application for reissue September 27, 1937, Serial No. 165,944
7 Claims.
This invention relates to a process for making an improved carbon black characterized by a low oil adsorption factor, improved dispersibility and particular adaptability for use as a color and reinforcing agent in rubber, plastics, lacquers, paints, enamels, inks and the like.
As is well known by those familiar with the art the oil adsorptive capacity of carbon blacks as a general rule increases proportionately to their color values. For obvious reasons a lower oil adsorption factor, if it could be produced Without considerable decrease in color, would be extremely desirable and such a result has long been sought after in the art.
The oil adsorption factor is a familiar index of pigment evaluation and may be determined according to the method of the A. S. T. M. (D281-28T) in the following manner. One gram of the air dried sample is placed on a glass plate, refined raw linseed oil is added, drop by drop, from a volumetric burette until by thorough incorporation With the black by means of rubbing with a steel spatula, a stiff putty-like paste is produced which does not break or separate. The quantity of oil required for the purpose being then read on the burette and the pounds of oil required to wet pounds of black calculated.
My invention provides a process resulting in an improved product in which the degree of selective adsorption of the individual particle is greatly reduced without detriment to the other pigmentary qualities.
In carrying out my invention I subject carbon black in its natural fine state of subdivision to attrition under controlled temperature, preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, in a ball mill provided with means of heating the charge and maintaining it at predetermined temperatures for prolonged periods. The balls employed for this purpose are preferably case hardened steel balls not exceeding inch in diameter.
The quantitative reduction of the oil adsorption factor, achieved by the improved process, depends somewhat on the initial oil adsorption factor prior to treatment. The higher the initial factor, the greater will be the proportionate reduction, although several factors entering into the process may be varied so as to get different results. Among these factors are the time of treatment, speed of the machine, volume of charge, temperature control and atmospheric medium employed.
For example, if I intend to reduce an oil adsorption factor of 220 of a carbon black having an initial color value of 225 to an oil adsorption factor of 175, I find that by subjecting a three pound charge of such black to an attrition period of ten hours at 800 F. in a laboratory mill (size 19" x 18") running 50 R. P. M., satisfactory results may be obtained. While attrition at ordinary temperatures would destroy the color value of such black I find that under elevated temperatures this effect is greatly minimized. In the example cited above the initial color value of 225 is, for instance, only reduced to 220. This is especially the case if the treatment is accomplished in an atmosphere of inert gas such as carbon dioxide (CO2).
I have found that the carbon black may be subjected to ball milling at a temperature of from 400 F. to 800 F. for periods varying from 5 to 15 hours to produce a highly improved carbon black as regards reduced oil adsorption, and the carbon black will have a color value of 200 or better. Milling for five hours gives from to as much improvement as is produced by continuing the milling 15 hours. The oil adsorption decreases rather rapidly during the first few hours of milling, and later the proportionate decrease per hour becomes less, until after fifteen hours of continuous operation further milling produces only a relatively small decrease in oil adsorption per hour. I have further found that while the color loss is progressive during the milling, the net loss is slight when the temperature of the carbon black is maintained at least at 800 F. I have further found that a slow speed of the ball mill seems to give the best results. It should also be noted that while CO2 is the most practical gas to use to provide an inert atmosphere, any nonoxidizing gas such as nitrogen may be used.
I have also found that carbon blacks so treated exhibit greatly improved dispersing qualities when admixed to rubber, plastics, lacquers, paints, enamels, inks and the like.
Since carbon black particles are of colloidal dimensions it is assumed that the attrition does not appreciably affect the particle size of the material, but merely changes the surface condition of the individual particle. The exact effect on the particles accomplished by this treatment is not yet definitely known, but it is believed that by this treatment the electrical charges upon the colloidal particles are changed, causing a coalescence, and effecting a reduction of the specific surface and/or a change in the surface tension of the particles thereby decreasing their oil adsorptive capacity.
Having described my invention and explained the operation thereof, I wish it to be understood 2. The process of improving carbon black by reducing the oil adsorption without substantially lowering the tinctorial value of the carbon black, which comprises subjecting the same to attrition in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of above 400 F.
3. The process of improving carbon black by reducing the oil adsorption without substantially lowering the tinctorial value of the carbon black, which comprises subjecting the same to attrition for from about 5 to 15 hours, in an inert atmosphere at elevated temperatures.
4. The process of improving carbon black by reducing the oil adsorption without substantially lowering the tinctorial value of the carbon black, whichcomprisessubjecting the same to attrition in an atmosphere of CO2 for about 10 hours at a temperature of about 800 F.
5. The process of improving carbon black by reducing its oil adsorption value without substantially reducing its color value, which comprises subjecting the said carbon black to attrition in a non-oxidizing atmosphere where no chemical reaction takes place and while the carbon black is at a temperature within the range from about 400 F. to about 800 F. for from 5 to 15 hours.
6. The process of improving carbon black by reducing its oil adsorption value from 225 to 175 without substantially reducing its tinctorial value, which comprises subjecting the said carbon black to attrition in a non-oxidizing atmosphere while the carbon black is heated to a temperature of about 800 F. for about 10 hours.
7. A process for reducing the oil adsorption factor of carbon black without detriment to its pigmentary qualities which comprises subjecting dry carbon black to attrition at elevated temperatures in a rotary drum having attrition members therein and in the presence of an inert atmosphere for preventing oxidation of the carbon black.
WAL'IHER I-I. GROTE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE21302E true USRE21302E (en) | 1939-12-19 |
Family
ID=2086940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US21302D Expired USRE21302E (en) | Process of improving carbon black |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USRE21302E (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2683652A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1954-07-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Heat treatment of microphonic carbon |
US3307923A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-03-07 | Continental Carbon Co | Process and apparatus for making carbon black |
US3404019A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1968-10-01 | Marathon Oil Co | Coke ground in a nonoxidizing atmosphere |
US4228143A (en) | 1978-02-22 | 1980-10-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method of producing pelleted carbon black |
-
0
- US US21302D patent/USRE21302E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2683652A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1954-07-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Heat treatment of microphonic carbon |
US3307923A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-03-07 | Continental Carbon Co | Process and apparatus for making carbon black |
US3404019A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1968-10-01 | Marathon Oil Co | Coke ground in a nonoxidizing atmosphere |
US4228143A (en) | 1978-02-22 | 1980-10-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method of producing pelleted carbon black |
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