USRE13952E - Ginia - Google Patents

Description

= OFFICE.

nosiinr nrnnnsrnn-umn, or nonrom'rfvmornrn, nssrcnonro unnrcmwoon certain new and'useful Improvements in -I m' pregna'ted Wood and Processes of Producing I the Same, of which the following is a-sp e c1'-' co, mconronarnn, or NORFO K; IRGINIA, 4 convention or m.

' iIrnnmlmrnnwoon-mn rnoenss or rnonnqnrcjrnn sunk, u

' Specification of BeissnedLetters lfatent. Reissued Jfly 2'7, 1915, n Drawing. Original K0. 1,1 1,644, date d beeemberj 2, 1914, Serial in.- 811, 91 ;App l 1cation tartan u:

filed .Tune 10, 1915. Serial N0.. 33,401.

'To all whom; it may-concern:

lBeJit known that I, ROBERT iA'rrmLs'rAn' 'MARR, -acitizen of the United States, residing at Ghent, Norfolk,

in the county of Non folkand State of Virginia, ha-veinvented fication;

The presentinvention relates to thetreatment .of wood for Waterproofing and'preserving thesame, and while of general application has special reference to the treat- I ment of'certainvarieties of wood having a ticularly suitablefor to render them paruse in making various buoyant articles, such as life-preservers, fenders, floats, buoys and the like. f

- Itjis a well-known fact that certain arieties -of Wood, particularly balsa and ceiba woods, are very light, that is, they possess a low specific gravity,

' very low specific gravity (below .25.), and

it has been proposed to use these woods in place of cork in life-belts and similar devices, but it has been found thatthese woods are not entirely suited for the purposes mentioned, for the reasons, first, that they readily absorb and take up large quantities of water, which greatly decrease their buoy 'an,cy and, secondly, thesevarieties of wood are .very susceptible to decay and insect attack, such as attacks by teredo and other wooddestroying. organisms. These objec- .tionable properties render the wood in its natural condition,-unsuited, for use in life preservers and in substantially all buoyant p the entire bath to fall, after the wooden articles have been immersedin the hot bath at a temperature of 250 F.

articles, especially those destined to be used in sea water, and accordingly most of the suggestions heretofore made for so employing these yarieties of wood have not been en- I tirely successful.

In the present invention I treat Wood with.

a bath containing paraflin, rosin, and diatomaceous earth or equivalents thereof,

whiohprocess I have found to be particu-- .larly suitable for application to the-varieties of Wood above referred to, and I have also found that certain modifications of thisprocess are capable of producing excellent treatment of woods of these'" results in the stated varieties and similar kinds of wood, suitable for use in the production of buoyant articles,

as wellasfor structural purposes.

. depending upon bath will and more or less of the bath is for a short time,

the same (first I employed in the secon In carrying outiiny present'invention',

Wood inpieoes of suitable size and shape for use in. making. life-preservers or for any? is" subjected to the action tomaceous, earth, to which bath a' "small amount of Paris green or a dyesbluble in the bath, or both, may or maynot beadded,

whether or not the producproperties is desired. This tion of certainof the process at 'a temperature somewhat preferably be. used in the first part '1 above the boiling point of water, a tempera ture of 250. F. being suitable,

the wood is-largely. orentirely'drivenbut, absorbed by during the action of which bath, the moisture contentof the wood. The temperatureof the bath may be lowered more or less, depending upon the amount of impregnation 'or encysting of the wood which is desired. of blocks of wood foruse in life-preservers, it is ordinarily not necessary or give a heavy impregnation, for the reason that it is desirable to produce a finished product. having as low a specific gravity as possible, in order to have high buoyant effect. In order to produce the low impregnation, Ipreferably do not allow the temdegrees, say from 250 F. at the beginning ofthej operation, downto 1.80 or 200 F.,- at which point the wood is preferably removed from the bath, and allowed to further cool to ordinary temperature.

, Instead of allowing the temperature of .I may-remove said articles and immerse the two. ends of one end and then the other) (more or less) from the bath,

For the production desirable to perature ofthe bath to fall more than a few in a bath 'of'simila r composition, or, another bath, maintained at F. (more or less).

The. second bath, that is'to say, the bath d step, of which the temperaturemay, as above stated, beabout 180 F., may be. composedof' thesame ma-' terials as employed in. the first bath, Said materials being in the-same or indifferent proportions. Thisfbath may also. if de-' sired be composed ofdifferent materials a temperature of 180.

from those employed in the first bath. Ob-

viously-the materials employed in the second bath must be such materials as will not injure the wood, or the amoiint of the first bath which has been absorbed by the wood.

One of the functions of the said bath is tov y if the wood is allowed to remain for a considerable time in the second bath, a ma' terial amount of the ingredients of the second bath will also be sucked or'absorbed thereby.

The time of immersion and cooling may vary more or less, depending on the size of the wooden pieces, the amount of impregnation desired, moisture content of the wood, and other factors, but I have found that for into the wood,

blocks of balsa wood of two inches square, and four inches long, a hot bath (say 250",

F. about 180 F. during two minutes give excellent results.

The impregnation of the surface portions of the, wood is 1n this manner made quite complete, while the interior portions of the wood are not saturated with the impregnat ing material; but a small amount of the material will be carried, by means of the large ducts existing in these varieties of wood, practically throughout the body of the material, whereby the paraffin, rosin and diatomaceous earth are caused to be thoroughly disseminated in very small amounts, through the entire body of the wood, while the small air spaces throughout the body of the wood are not filled with the impregnating ma terial. In this way, having very low specific gravities, which are thoroughly and completely waterproofed, and preserved against rot, and attack of marine insects and similar wood-destroying agencies. Thewood thus treated has been found to possess qualities which render it particularly suitable for insulation purposes, such as heat insulation, sound insulation, and electrical insulation.

As a modified mode of procedure, I can incase the blocks of wood, in the duck, canvas or other fabric forming the body of the life-belt or similar structure, and then treat the finished article by the process of impregnation, which not only preserves the wood, but-also preserves the fabric against 1 destructive agencies, such as dry rot and the block of wood; also, I

) for five minutes and then cooling to I can produce blocks impregnation of v the article with servative specified is a mater-i9;

lzadiv since these articles are likely? F eepy same,

nation or substantial saturation of the Woo in question is particularly advantageous, 1m

order to insure the article against decay or insect attack at those points where article has received injury. v

The use of rosin as above stated is a distinct advance in the art. This material hardens the wood to a material extent, and makes the wood tougher; also the woodso treated is easier to cling to, on accountof the adhesiveness of the surface. Thismaterial aids in the impregnation by acting as a carrier.

' It has heretofore been proposed to impregnate wood by immersing the same in a bath containing molten paraffin; however, such a treatment does not give any material amount of impregnation, on account of-the fact that the paraflin is not really absorbed by wood, whether the wood be green or dry. The addition of rosin in the present invention aids in the absorption of the impregnating material by the wood, or in efiect appears to act as a carrier for the paraffin, as above stated; that is to say, its presence causes the paraffin to penetrate throughout the wood and to en'cy'st the cells of the wood;

and this is true whether the wood be of in all the modifications the material is immersed and held under the surface of the bath., I desire to call attention to--the fact that the wood when so treated may be coated, if so desired, over all or a part of its surface with paint, either for ornamentation, or marking purposes. In using ordi nary paint, it is preferable to first apply a coat of shellac.

If desired, I may add to the impregnating bath any suitable oil-soluble dye, which will be carried into the wood, wherever the preservative is carried.

The bath used in impregnating the material may 'consist of the materials in the following proportions by weight, although the invention is not limited thereto, and the proportions may be materially altered withor bitin teredo,

- of-the other materials of is not to be generally recommended, in the v case of material having a very light impregout departing tion: paraflin may be added, if desired,

material is of "a" sufiicient fineness, so thereof will pass through the meshes of a bolting cloth having the square-inch.

tially pure silica,

which will efiectively but remains as a surface from the spirit of the invenparts, rosin 5.to 10 parts, 'diatomaceous earth 2 to more or less nection'has a special function, since this that 40,000 meshes: to This material is also extremely hard, being composed of substanand I find that-this mate-- rial is very much harder than the mandibles parts of marine insects, such as limnoria andthe like, which are comosed. essentially of calcium .carbonate. rom-the relative hardness of these two, it

to bore into wood or other materials ated with diatomaceous earth, their Wlll very mandi les destroy or kill thein-- sects. It will be noted also that diatomac'eous earth hasa particular advantageover many similar hardness, since it is wholly inert and cannot be affected or destroyed by sea water or the like. The use of Paris green in this'connection is terially different from the diatomaceous earth, since it is not carried intothe interstices of the wood, to any great extent, coating on the wood. 7

The, wood for ringbuoys may be made in the form of rings, which may be built up (composed of three or more layers, united by a suitable waterproofglue) if desired,

-' and these .may be covered by duck or the like, before impregnation, if desired. Also I may treat the wood in the form of large pieces, logs or the like, and afterward, if small pieces are needed-I may cut this to produce pieces of the 'proper size for the particular use, if so desired. This method nation, since it is desirable to have a rather heavy superficial impregnation over the surface portions of the article. This method is, however, sometimes advantageous in the manufacture of heavily impregnated blocks, boards etc.

in its air dry condition, to advantage, while for heavy impregnation I preferably use wood which is more or less saturated with water, or sap.- -Green wood, directly after being cut, issuitable.

It. ismy opinion that the dissemination of the'preservative throughout the body of the wood' is aided by osmosis.

with a mixture of parafiin,

'1 parts, to which- Paris green lpart,

The use'ofdiatomaceous earth in this con-;

will be apparent that wheneverthese insects attempt quickly be destroyed,

,For light impregnation, I may use wood I V to a heated bath containing parafiin The impregnation ofwood of the varieties above referred'to, B5

or without rosin and Paris green, is claimed in my Patent No. 1,121,645, lSSllBCl under der date of December 22, 1914, applications for whichwere concurrently pending with my original, application No. 811,910, Patent No. 1,121,644, of which this is a reissue.

The impregnation of fabrics and certain other materials by the methods described hereinforms the'subject-m'atter ofm'y PatentsNosZ 1,121,647 and 1,121,648, issued under date of December 22, 1914, applications for which were concurrently pending with my original application No. 811,910, atent No. 1,121,644, of which this is a reissue.

The treatment of woods generally, parlication for which was concurrently pending with my original application No. 811,910,- Patent' No, 1,121,644, of which this is a res issue.

What I claim is a 1. 'A process of treating woods of.

specific gravities', which comprises impregwas concurrently p'end-' ioo natingsaid woods with a mixture comprisingrosin, and a melted hydrocarbon material, sa'id mixturecontaininga finely-divided solid material.

l 2. A process of treating woods of-low specific gravities, which comprisesl-ightly impregnating said woods with a mixture comprising rosin, and a melted hydrocarbon material, said mixturecontaining a finely v divided solid material.

. 3. A process of treating woods o f low.

specific gravity, which comprises immersing saidwood I sin a bath comprising pa n, rosin, and diatomaceous earth, while said wood contains some moisture, 4

4. 'A process of treating moist woods of low specific gravities, said; process compri'sing immersing the wood of the class speci fied inva-bath comprising parafiin, rosin, a dye -soluble therein, and diatomaceous earth. 5-. A process of treating wood of low specific gravity, said process comprising the steps ofplacing said wood in a permeable envelop, and thereafter subjecting the same rosin, and diatomaceous earth. i

iao

6. A process of treating wood of low spe cific gravity,-which comprises immersing the same in a' bath containing paraiiin, rosin and diatomaceousearth, at a temperature above the boiling-point of water, then treating the same with a vbath'composed of material not injurious to said wood, or to said first bath, said second bathfbeing maintained at a temperature lower than that employed in said first treatment.

A process of treating balsa and ceiba wood, Which comprises treating the same with a bath containing diatomaceous earth and a .vehicle insoluble in water, said vehicle including rosin.

8. A process of treating balsa, ceiba and similar varieties of wood, which comprises treating the same with a bath. comprising parafiin,-rosin and diatomaceous earth, at a high temperature, then with a bath containing paraflin at a lower temperature, until the desired impregnation is secured.

-9. A process of treating balsa, ceiba and similar varieties of wood, which compriws treatingthe same with a bath comprising 'paraflin, anoil-soluble dye, rosin and diatomaceous earth, at a high temperature, then with a second bath comprising parafiin, at a lower temperature, until the desired impregnation is secured.

1-Q. A process of treating balsa, ceiba, and

treating, the same with ,parafiin, an oil-soluble dye, rosin, Paris green, and diatomaceous earth, at a high temperature, then treating said wood with a second-bath containing paraflin, said sec-' bird bath being maintained at a lower tem- 1'1'er ature'-,'i1ntil the desired'impregnatlon is secured.

11. A process of treating balsa, ceiba, and similar varieties of wood, which comprises treating the same while incased in a fabric cover with a bath comprising paraffin, rosin and diatomaceous earth, at a high temperature, then with a preservative bath at a lower temperature, until the desired impregnation is secured. I

12. A process of treatingwoods of relatively low specific gravity, which comprises subjecting the same to the action of a bath containing an insoluble finely-divided solid material, having a hardness greater than that of which the biting parts of marine wood-destroying insects is composed, an insoluble hydrocarbon carrier which melts at .a temperature below the boiling-point of water, and which is solid at ordinary temperatures, and rosin.

13. A- process of treating woods of those varieties having a relatively low specific gravity, which comprises subjecting the same to the action of a bath comprising paraffin, rosin, Paris-green, and diatomaceou's earth.

14, An articleofinanufacture, comprising a wood of relatively low specific gravity, im-

pregnated with a preservative, including a Wood of relatively low diatomaceous earth, and a vehicle comprising paraffin. and rosin. 15. An article of manufacture, comprising specific gravity, impreservative including and a vehicle comprispregnated with a diatomaceous earth,

ing paraffin, rosin, and an oil-soluble dye.

' 16. An article of manufacture, comprising a Wood of relatively low specific gravity, impregnated with a preservative including diatomaceous earth,

and a'vehicle comprislng parafiin,

and rosin, said wood having a coating of material including Paris green.

tive including diatomaceous earth, and a vehicle comprising parafiin and rosin.

19. An article of manufacture, compris ing wood of relatively low specific gravity,

' .impregnated with a preservative material slmilar'ivarieties of wood, whlch comprlses a bath comprisingincluding an insoluble finely-divided solid material, having a hardness greater than that of the material of which the biting parts of marine wood-destroying insects is composed, an insoluble hydrocarbon carrier which melts at a temperature below the boiling-point of water, and which is solid at ordinary temperatures, and rosin.

20. An article of manufacture, comprising wood of relatively low specific gravity, impregnated with a preservative material including an insoluble finely-divided solid material, having a hardness greater than that of the material of which the biting parts of marine wooddestroying insects .is composed, an insoluble hydrocarbon carrier which melts at a temperature below the boiling-point of water, and which is solid at ordinary temperatures, and rosin, said Wood being coated with a material including an.

-point of water, and then treating the same with a bath composed of material not injurious to said wood, or to the first bath, said second bath being maintained at a temperature lower than that employed in said first treatment.

23. Wood impregnated with a preserva tve' including diatomaceous earth in a vetive comprising diatomaceous earth in a ve- .hicle, said vehicle comprising paraifin and rosin, said wood having a coating of a material including Paris green.

25. A process of impregnating wood, which consists in placing the same in a bath containing paraflin and rosin, and retaining the same therein until impregnation is effected.

26. A process of treating wood, which consists in placing the same in a bath containing melted paraffin and rosin, and retaining such bath in melted condition until the wood is thoroughly impregnated.

27. A process or treating wood, which consists in placing the same in'a bath con taining a relatively large amount of melted parafiin, together with a relatively small amount of melted rosin, and retaining the bath in melted condition until impregnation is effected.

28.,That process of waterproofing Wood, which consists in placin the same in a bath containing melted para 'n in which there is present as a carrier for the parafiin melted 1OS1I1.

so 29. The process of treating. timber, which consists impregnating it with melted -parafiin, solid at normal atmospheric temperatures, by the use of melted rosin mixed therewith to cause the paraffin to penetrate throughout the timber.

30. The process of treating timber, which consists in impregnating it with melted paraffin, solid at normal atmospheric temperatures, by the use of melted rosin mixed therewith in a bath to cause the paraflin to penetrate throughout the timber, the bath being raised to a temperature approximating 250 F.

31. An" article of manufacture comprising timber the cells and pores of which are encysted throughout by a mixture containing paraflin, solid at normal atmospheric temperatures, and rosin.

32. An article of manufacture, comprising Wood of low specific gravity impregnated with a mixture containing rosin and paraffin solid at normal atmospheric temperatures.

In testimony whereof, I have afiixed my signature hereto in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT ATHELSTAN MARE.

Witnesses:

Homer: A. DODGE, Bnnmrrr S. Jonas.