USH1930H1 - Precursor warhead attachment for an anti-armor rocket - Google Patents

Precursor warhead attachment for an anti-armor rocket Download PDF

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Publication number
USH1930H1
USH1930H1 US09/115,600 US11560098A USH1930H US H1930 H1 USH1930 H1 US H1930H1 US 11560098 A US11560098 A US 11560098A US H1930 H USH1930 H US H1930H
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
armor
round
explosive
precursor
warhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/115,600
Inventor
Larry E. Crabtree
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US Department of Navy
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US Department of Navy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Assigned to NAVY, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE reassignment NAVY, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CRABTREE, LARRY E.
Application filed by US Department of Navy filed Critical US Department of Navy
Priority to US09/115,600 priority Critical patent/USH1930H1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USH1930H1 publication Critical patent/USH1930H1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target
    • F42B12/18—Hollow charges in tandem arrangement

Definitions

  • the invention described herein relates to shoulder-launched rocket rounds and in particular to rocket rounds having modifications to defeat reactive armor.
  • HEAA high explosive anti-armor
  • HEAA high-explosive anti-armor
  • the invention is a precursor warhead for attachment for an anti-armor rocket having a small shaped charge and formed to be friction-fit to the forward end of a HEAA round.
  • the precursor warhead contains a cylindrically-shaped charge in a casing having a hollow cylindrical center section, the hollow center section fitting over a HEAA round nose cone.
  • the forward end of the precursor warhead contains a rearward facing conical charge which, when detonated, forms a forward-extending, rod-like mini-penetrator. This mini-penetrator detonates the reactive armor of an armored vehicle upon first contact of the HEAA round.
  • the mini-penetrator causes immediate detonation of the reactive armor, the stand-off distance of the HEAA round nose section is sufficient to protect the HEAA round from damage. It is not necessary to employ delay timers and the like. As a result, the precursor warhead is suitable for use on a variety of warheads despite differences in impact velocity of the various rounds. The precursor warhead initiation is accomplished in place of the standard crush fuse option of the HEAA round.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a high-explosive, anti-armor round showing the precursor warhead attached to the nose cone.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the precursor warhead showing the major components.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view showing the operation of the precursor warhead during impact with reactive armor.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view showing the operation of the standard warhead after the precursor warhead has neutralized the reactive armor.
  • a cross-sectional side view of a HEAA round 7 is shown with its major components and the precursor warhead of this invention, designated generally by the reference numeral 10 .
  • the major components of the HEAA round 7 include the rocket motor 8 , the shaped charge 12 with the penetrator 14 attached and the nose cone 9 .
  • the penetrator 14 is explosively formed into an elongated projectile (from its shown conical shape) inverting the cone and driving the now, rod-like penetrator through the defensive armor at very high velocities.
  • the mini-penetrator can be manufactured of tantalum or molybdenum in order to achieve higher velocities.
  • the typical configuration of a reactive armored vehicle includes a stand-off support structure attached to the outside surfaces of the turret, side, fore and aft hulls and other vulnerable areas.
  • Explosive charges are mounted on the support structures, typically presenting an oblique surface to an incoming HEAA round.
  • an upward directed blast shears the nose cone 9 away, and destroys the integrity of the shaped charge 12 and the penetrator 14 .
  • the HEAA round is blown apart from beneath, driving the shaped charge 12 and penetrator 14 upward, and preventing formation of the penetrator rod.
  • the small precursor warhead 10 is designed to negate the reactive armor, if any, and to avoid damage to the penetrator whether or not reactive armor is present.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional side view of the precursor warhead 10 .
  • a portion of the HEAA round nose cone 9 is shown.
  • the precursor warhead 10 is attached to the nose cone 9 by a friction fit between the precursor casing 22 and the nose cone 9 .
  • the cylindrical precursor casing 22 fabricated of high-temperature aluminum, serves not only as a friction fitting, but also as a blast shield preventing the rearward blast of the precursor explosive charge 16 or the fusing mechanism at the rear of the precursor charge from coming down the nose cone tube.
  • Initiation is provided by the initiator material 28 which provides rapid initiation of the precursor explosive charge 16 , in turn forming the mini-penetrator 26 .
  • the initiator material 28 is, itself, ignited by a series of forward projecting fuses 30 .
  • the forward projecting fuses 30 are piezo-electric percussion fuses. The depicted fuses are representative only and are not the actual configuration.
  • the crush switch was removed from the SMAW HEAA round and the precursor was added in its place.
  • the precursor warhead initiates on contact. This initiation results in the formation of a mini-penetrator which detonates the explosive reactor armor, thus eliminating it from the armored vehicle.
  • a simultaneous signal via connection 27 is sent to the main charge warhead which results in its simultaneous initiation.
  • the standoff distance of the main warhead and difference in penetrator velocity allows time for the explosive reactive armor to clear the vehicle thereby allowing the main charge warhead to engage the base armor, that is, the armor under the explosive reactive armor.
  • the precursor warhead 10 has an energetic charge and a smaller, reduced mass, mini-penetrator.
  • the shaped precursor charge provides a much more rapidly formed penetrator delivered at a much higher velocity. Because of the difference in detonation and penetrator velocities (the precursor operating at higher velocities) is possible.
  • the operation of the invention may be more fully seen from FIGS. 3 or 4 .
  • FIG. 3 a sketch depicts an HEAA round 7 making contact with an explosive reactive armor 34 .
  • the base armor 36 for example, a tank turret, is located for reference.
  • the precursor warhead Upon contact with the reactive armor 34 , the precursor warhead generates a precursor detonation 32 which, in turn, generates the precursor mini-penetrator 26 .
  • This mini-penetrator 26 immediately initiates the reactive armor 34 , detonating it prior to arrival of the HEAA round 7 .
  • the main warhead explodes creating detonation 42 which, in turn, forms and drives the penetrator 14 into the base armor 36 .
  • detonation 42 which, in turn, forms and drives the penetrator 14 into the base armor 36 .
  • the advantages and features of the invention are numerous.
  • the precursor warhead attachment allows the easy modification of a large inventory of existing HEAA rounds.
  • the addition of a precursor warhead to the existing SMAW HEAA warhead provides the added capability of defeating armored vehicles which employ explosive reactive armor. This will allow the user the opportunity to successfully engage some armored vehicles which employ explosive reactive armor.
  • the new features of this warhead system is the addition of a precursor warhead and the associated fuzing and timing delays necessary to for its proper function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

A precursor warhead for a high-explosive, anti-armor (HEAA) warhead is provided. The precursor warhead is a cylindrically-shaped attachment adapted for a friction fit over the nose cone of existing HEAA warheads. The precursor warhead has an instantaneous fuse which initiates a precursor penetrator which causes early detonation of reactive armor, thereby protecting the main charge and penetrator on the HEAA round from damage. The precursor warhead replaces the existing crush switch on the HEAA round and also initiates, with appropriate time delay, the main explosive charge.

Description

ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION
The invention described herein was made in the performance of official duties by an employee of the Department of the Navy and may be manufactured, used, licensed by or for the Government for any governmental purpose without payment of any royalties thereon.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention described herein relates to shoulder-launched rocket rounds and in particular to rocket rounds having modifications to defeat reactive armor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Existing high explosive anti-armor (HEAA) warheads are ineffective against some armored vehicles which employ explosive reactive armor. In particular, the SMAW HEAA warheads effectiveness can be greatly degraded by the addition of explosive reactive armor on enemy armored vehicles. Typically, this reactive armor is supported by a stand-off structure attached to the armored vehicle. When an anti-armor round strikes the reactive armor, the reactive armor immediately explodes. The armored vehicle is unharmed because (1) the reactive armor has a stand-off location and (2) there is no penetrator or shaped charge. The incoming round, however, lacks both the stand-off (since the reactive armor explodes on contact) and the hardened structure of the armored vehicle. The incoming round is severely damaged, disabling both the fusing mechanisms and the penetrator. In fact, the penetrator often does not even form. As a result of the effectiveness of the reactive armor, a means is needed to detonate the reactive armor prior to the anti-armor round impact. Although specialty rounds have been built for detonating reactive armor, a need remains to provide a simple modification of existing munitions to accomplish the same purpose. In particular, a modification is needed for the high explosive anti-armor round used in the Shoulder-Launched, Multiple-Purpose Assault Weapon (SMAW).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a precursor warhead for attachment to an anti-armor rocket round.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a precursor warhead having an instantaneous contact fuse.
It is another object of the invention to provide a precursor warhead adaptable to the existing high-explosive anti-armor (HEAA) fuse.
Accordingly, the invention is a precursor warhead for attachment for an anti-armor rocket having a small shaped charge and formed to be friction-fit to the forward end of a HEAA round. The precursor warhead contains a cylindrically-shaped charge in a casing having a hollow cylindrical center section, the hollow center section fitting over a HEAA round nose cone. The forward end of the precursor warhead contains a rearward facing conical charge which, when detonated, forms a forward-extending, rod-like mini-penetrator. This mini-penetrator detonates the reactive armor of an armored vehicle upon first contact of the HEAA round. Because the mini-penetrator causes immediate detonation of the reactive armor, the stand-off distance of the HEAA round nose section is sufficient to protect the HEAA round from damage. It is not necessary to employ delay timers and the like. As a result, the precursor warhead is suitable for use on a variety of warheads despite differences in impact velocity of the various rounds. The precursor warhead initiation is accomplished in place of the standard crush fuse option of the HEAA round.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing objects and other advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description and reference to the appended drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a high-explosive, anti-armor round showing the precursor warhead attached to the nose cone.
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the precursor warhead showing the major components.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing the operation of the precursor warhead during impact with reactive armor.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing the operation of the standard warhead after the precursor warhead has neutralized the reactive armor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional side view of a HEAA round 7 is shown with its major components and the precursor warhead of this invention, designated generally by the reference numeral 10. The major components of the HEAA round 7 include the rocket motor 8, the shaped charge 12 with the penetrator 14 attached and the nose cone 9. When the HEAA round 7 impacts an armored vehicle or hardened target, the penetrator 14 is explosively formed into an elongated projectile (from its shown conical shape) inverting the cone and driving the now, rod-like penetrator through the defensive armor at very high velocities. The mini-penetrator can be manufactured of tantalum or molybdenum in order to achieve higher velocities.
In order to defeat the HEAA round, reactive or exploding armor has been employed. The typical configuration of a reactive armored vehicle includes a stand-off support structure attached to the outside surfaces of the turret, side, fore and aft hulls and other vulnerable areas. Explosive charges are mounted on the support structures, typically presenting an oblique surface to an incoming HEAA round. When an incoming round strikes the reactive armor, an upward directed blast shears the nose cone 9 away, and destroys the integrity of the shaped charge 12 and the penetrator 14. Typically the HEAA round is blown apart from beneath, driving the shaped charge 12 and penetrator 14 upward, and preventing formation of the penetrator rod. The small precursor warhead 10 is designed to negate the reactive armor, if any, and to avoid damage to the penetrator whether or not reactive armor is present.
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional side view of the precursor warhead 10. For reference, a portion of the HEAA round nose cone 9 is shown. The precursor warhead 10 is attached to the nose cone 9 by a friction fit between the precursor casing 22 and the nose cone 9. The cylindrical precursor casing 22, fabricated of high-temperature aluminum, serves not only as a friction fitting, but also as a blast shield preventing the rearward blast of the precursor explosive charge 16 or the fusing mechanism at the rear of the precursor charge from coming down the nose cone tube. Initiation is provided by the initiator material 28 which provides rapid initiation of the precursor explosive charge 16, in turn forming the mini-penetrator 26. The initiator material 28 is, itself, ignited by a series of forward projecting fuses 30. In the preferred embodiment, the forward projecting fuses 30 are piezo-electric percussion fuses. The depicted fuses are representative only and are not the actual configuration.
The crush switch was removed from the SMAW HEAA round and the precursor was added in its place. When an armored target is engaged which employs explosive reactive armor, the precursor warhead initiates on contact. This initiation results in the formation of a mini-penetrator which detonates the explosive reactor armor, thus eliminating it from the armored vehicle. Also, when the precursor warhead initiates, a simultaneous signal via connection 27 is sent to the main charge warhead which results in its simultaneous initiation. The standoff distance of the main warhead and difference in penetrator velocity allows time for the explosive reactive armor to clear the vehicle thereby allowing the main charge warhead to engage the base armor, that is, the armor under the explosive reactive armor.
The precursor warhead 10 has an energetic charge and a smaller, reduced mass, mini-penetrator. As a result, the shaped precursor charge provides a much more rapidly formed penetrator delivered at a much higher velocity. Because of the difference in detonation and penetrator velocities (the precursor operating at higher velocities) is possible. The operation of the invention may be more fully seen from FIGS. 3 or 4.
OPERATION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 3, a sketch depicts an HEAA round 7 making contact with an explosive reactive armor 34. The base armor 36, for example, a tank turret, is located for reference. Upon contact with the reactive armor 34, the precursor warhead generates a precursor detonation 32 which, in turn, generates the precursor mini-penetrator 26. This mini-penetrator 26 immediately initiates the reactive armor 34, detonating it prior to arrival of the HEAA round 7.
Shortly thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4, the main warhead explodes creating detonation 42 which, in turn, forms and drives the penetrator 14 into the base armor 36. By clearing the reactive armor, in this manner, the usual functioning of the armor piercing round is accomplished.
The advantages and features of the invention are numerous. The precursor warhead attachment allows the easy modification of a large inventory of existing HEAA rounds. The addition of a precursor warhead to the existing SMAW HEAA warhead provides the added capability of defeating armored vehicles which employ explosive reactive armor. This will allow the user the opportunity to successfully engage some armored vehicles which employ explosive reactive armor. There is no capability now for the SMAW HEAA warhead to defeat armored vehicles with explosive reactive armor installed. The new features of this warhead system is the addition of a precursor warhead and the associated fuzing and timing delays necessary to for its proper function.
Although the invention has been described relative to a specific embodiment thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.

Claims (6)

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round comprising:
a one-piece casing having a combined blast shield and friction fitting adapted to attach to a nose cone of a high-explosive, anti-armor round;
a shaped, explosive charge located within said casing;
an initiator located within said casing and in physical contact with said explosive charge; and
a plurality of fuses attached to said casing and extending forward thereof, said plurality of fuses functionally connected to said initiator.
2. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round as in claim 1 wherein said casing further comprises a cylindrical casing.
3. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round as in claim 1 wherein said casing is fabricated using high temperature aluminum.
4. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round as in claim 1 wherein said shaped, explosive charge has a forward-facing conical surface fabricated using tantalum.
5. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round as in claim 1 wherein said explosive charge has a forward-facing conical surface fabricated using molybdenum.
6. A precursor warhead attachment for a high-explosive, anti-armor round as in claim 1 wherein said plurality of fuses are piezoelectric percussion fuses.
US09/115,600 1998-07-15 1998-07-15 Precursor warhead attachment for an anti-armor rocket Abandoned USH1930H1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113865443A (en) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-31 西安近代化学研究所 Decide final speed decelerator
CN112224412B (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-06-14 北京理工大学 Onboard anti-armor adsorbable warhead

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1051407A (en) 1964-07-08 1900-01-01
DE3010917A1 (en) 1980-03-21 1981-10-01 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Missile head with hollow charges - has preliminary charge axis offset from that of main charge
DE3605580C1 (en) 1986-02-21 1987-06-04 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Warhead
FR2603375A1 (en) 1986-08-26 1988-03-04 Matra Manurhin Defense Dual charge munition - with proximity fuse for shaped charge in front of retarded hollow charge
US4854240A (en) * 1986-12-25 1989-08-08 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Two-stage shaped charge projectile
US4967666A (en) * 1979-01-11 1990-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh Warhead against fortified or armored targets, particularly for damaging runways, roadway pavings, bunker walls or the like
US5003883A (en) 1990-07-23 1991-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight blast shield
WO1991014917A1 (en) 1990-03-29 1991-10-03 Giat Industries Triggering delay for moulded charges detonating in sequence
GB2244797A (en) 1990-06-05 1991-12-11 Serat Tandem charge for attacking armoured vehicles
JPH04198696A (en) 1990-11-29 1992-07-20 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Liner for hollow cone charge warhead
EP0497394A1 (en) 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 Bofors AB An ignition device to ignite an explosive charge in a projectile
DE4135392A1 (en) 1991-10-26 1993-04-29 Deutsche Aerospace Tandem warhead for use against armoured targets - comprises forward and main hollow charges divided by three component, forward charge blast energy absorbing, shield
US5303654A (en) * 1974-11-08 1994-04-19 Deutsche Aerospace Ag Combination projectile for combatting armored targets
US5309843A (en) 1992-08-04 1994-05-10 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Warhead with a tandem charge
US5331895A (en) * 1982-07-22 1994-07-26 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdon Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Shaped charges and their manufacture
US5394804A (en) * 1988-11-15 1995-03-07 Thomson-Brandt Armements Explosive device with a hollow charge, designed for penetrating armor protected by active primary armor
US5415105A (en) * 1992-11-28 1995-05-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Tandem warhead with piezoelectric percussion fuses
US5565647A (en) * 1991-05-24 1996-10-15 Giat Industries Warhead with sequential shape charges
US5750917A (en) * 1989-03-01 1998-05-12 Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag Warhead

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1051407A (en) 1964-07-08 1900-01-01
US5303654A (en) * 1974-11-08 1994-04-19 Deutsche Aerospace Ag Combination projectile for combatting armored targets
US4967666A (en) * 1979-01-11 1990-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh Warhead against fortified or armored targets, particularly for damaging runways, roadway pavings, bunker walls or the like
DE3010917A1 (en) 1980-03-21 1981-10-01 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Missile head with hollow charges - has preliminary charge axis offset from that of main charge
US5331895A (en) * 1982-07-22 1994-07-26 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdon Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Shaped charges and their manufacture
DE3605580C1 (en) 1986-02-21 1987-06-04 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Warhead
FR2603375A1 (en) 1986-08-26 1988-03-04 Matra Manurhin Defense Dual charge munition - with proximity fuse for shaped charge in front of retarded hollow charge
US4854240A (en) * 1986-12-25 1989-08-08 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Two-stage shaped charge projectile
US5394804A (en) * 1988-11-15 1995-03-07 Thomson-Brandt Armements Explosive device with a hollow charge, designed for penetrating armor protected by active primary armor
US5750917A (en) * 1989-03-01 1998-05-12 Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag Warhead
WO1991014917A1 (en) 1990-03-29 1991-10-03 Giat Industries Triggering delay for moulded charges detonating in sequence
US5166469A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-11-24 Giat Industries Delay fuse for sequentially detonating shaped charges
GB2244797A (en) 1990-06-05 1991-12-11 Serat Tandem charge for attacking armoured vehicles
US5003883A (en) 1990-07-23 1991-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight blast shield
JPH04198696A (en) 1990-11-29 1992-07-20 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Liner for hollow cone charge warhead
EP0497394A1 (en) 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 Bofors AB An ignition device to ignite an explosive charge in a projectile
US5565647A (en) * 1991-05-24 1996-10-15 Giat Industries Warhead with sequential shape charges
DE4135392A1 (en) 1991-10-26 1993-04-29 Deutsche Aerospace Tandem warhead for use against armoured targets - comprises forward and main hollow charges divided by three component, forward charge blast energy absorbing, shield
US5309843A (en) 1992-08-04 1994-05-10 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Warhead with a tandem charge
US5415105A (en) * 1992-11-28 1995-05-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Tandem warhead with piezoelectric percussion fuses

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112224412B (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-06-14 北京理工大学 Onboard anti-armor adsorbable warhead
CN113865443A (en) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-31 西安近代化学研究所 Decide final speed decelerator
CN113865443B (en) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-24 西安近代化学研究所 Decide final speed decelerator

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Owner name: NAVY, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CRABTREE, LARRY E.;REEL/FRAME:009526/0252

Effective date: 19980709

STCF Information on status: patent grant

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