US9960286B2 - Solar cell bus bars - Google Patents
Solar cell bus bars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9960286B2 US9960286B2 US15/030,073 US201415030073A US9960286B2 US 9960286 B2 US9960286 B2 US 9960286B2 US 201415030073 A US201415030073 A US 201415030073A US 9960286 B2 US9960286 B2 US 9960286B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bus bar
- solar cell
- printed
- finger lines
- bus bars
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 47
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
- H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
- H01L31/0201—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present bus bars design relates to crystalline silicon solar cells and in particular to crystalline silicon solar cells with front or back side grid containing bus bars and finger lines, which are being deposited in two separate stages.
- Solar panels represent an array of crystalline silicon solar cells.
- the silicon solar cells are electrically connected in series and convert the incident solar energy into electrical current.
- the tabbing ribbons collect the current from separate crystalline silicon solar cells and conducts the direct current to a solar inverter.
- the inverter converts the direct current into useable alternating current.
- finger lines An array of straight, parallel and equally spaced thin, about 30-120 micron wide, current conductors, termed finger lines, usually covers a small portion of the light receiving surface of each individual silicon solar cell. Finger lines reduce the resistance to the photoelectric current and provide lower current losses. Finger lines collect the current from the silicon solar cell surface and transfer it to the tabbing ribbons, through so called bus bars.
- Each silicon solar cell contains two or three bus bars. which are one to three millimeters wide electric current conducting lines. Typically, the bus bars are parallel to each other and equally spaced. The bus bars are orthogonal to the finger lines array.
- the tabbing ribbon is soldered to the surface of the bus bars and facilitates transfer of the electric current from the connected silicon solar cells onwards to another silicon solar cell or an accumulator or solar inverter.
- Both bus bars and finger lines are usually realized by a single stage of screen printing, which lays down the bus bars and the finger lines across and along the solar cell. More recent methods, deposit the bus bars and finger lines in two successive printing stages.
- One possible reason for the two stage deposition process is the use of two different materials for the bus bars and the finger lines.
- Another possible reason is the desire to print bus bars thinner than finger lines, and another possible reason is the use of screen print for bus bars and another printing method (for example, the PTP process by Utilight or stencil print) for deposition of the finger lines.
- the finger lines are printed and dried first and the bus bars are printed over the finger lines.
- the printed height of finger lines is 10 micron to 25 micron: The bus bar height of 5 micron to 25 micron and is sufficient for the subsequent tabbing ribbon soldering process.
- Common screen printing technology results in bus bars printed over the finger lines.
- the segments of the bus bars which are printed over the already printed and dried finger lines include bus bar segments with height greater than the rest of the surface of the bus bars. A similar problem could occur when finger lines are printed over previously printed bus bars.
- the cell includes bus bars that are strips of electrically conductive material with a plurality of protrusions extending from at least one side of the bus bars.
- the bus bars have almost a flat surface configured to receive the tabbing ribbon.
- the silicon solar cell also includes a plurality of finger lines that are printed as separate segments with gaps between the segments. Both the bus bars and the finger lines are printed on the light receiving surface of the solar cell substrate. In one example, both the bus bars and the finger lines are deposited or printed using the same material. In another example, the bus bars are printed or deposited using a material different from the material the finger lines are made.
- the bus bars containing the protrusions are printed in the gaps between the segments of the finger lines, such that the protrusions are printed at least over the ends of finger lines segments. In another example, the bus bars are printed first and the finger lines segments overlap the protrusions.
- the printing results in overlapping areas on the protrusions being higher than the bus bars that maintain almost flat or substantially flat surface with width larger than the tabbing ribbon width plus its deposition tolerances, sufficient for the tabbing ribbons to be attached.
- the protrusions in the overlapping areas do not complicate the printing stages, cause a negligible increase in shading loses and reduce the risks of poor tabbing.
- bus bars are deposited or printed on the solar cell in one deposition stage and the finger lines are deposited on the solar cell in another deposition stage separate from the deposition stage at which the bus bars are deposited.
- the bus bars and finger lines could have different thickness.
- FIG. 1 is an example of prior art printed bus bar and finger lines
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a detail of a bus bar of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of finger lines printed according to an example
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a bus bar printed according to an example
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of a detail of the bus bar of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is an illustration of a bus bar printed according to another example.
- FIG. 7 is an illustration of a detail of finger lines printed according to the example of the bus bar of FIG. 6 .
- the two stage screen printing process of bus bars and finger lines results in non-uniform height of the bus bars segments printed over (or under) the finger lines.
- the non-uniform bus bar height characterized by sharp height changes at the printed over the finger lines segments of the bus bar complicates the tabbing ribbon to the bus bars soldering.
- the present disclosure offers' a solution to this problem.
- FIG. 1 is an example of prior art printed bus bar and finger lines.
- Silicon solar cell 100 includes a silicon substrate 104 , a plurality of finger lines 108 configured to collect electric current generated by silicon solar cell 100 upon interaction with incident solar light, and two or more bus bars 112 configured to be in electric connection with each of the finger lines 108 and to collect the electric current generated by silicon solar cell 100 .
- finger lines 108 are printed first on the first or light receiving surface 116 of silicon solar cells 100 . Silicon solar cells are used as an example only and other light responsive materials could be used.
- the printed finger lines are fired to provide good electric contact and adhesion with the silicon light receiving surface 116 .
- Bus bars 112 are printed across and over the plurality of finger lines 108 of silicon solar cells 100 .
- segments 120 of bus bars 112 that are printed over finger lines 108 have a different thickness or height than other segment bus bar 112 have.
- Segments 120 form steps or bumps 124 ( FIG. 2 ) on surface 132 of bus bar 112 that complicate later soldering to bus bars 112 of tabbing ribbons 128 , schematically shown in broken lines.
- backside contacts 136 printed or attached by other means to the back or second surface of silicon solar cell 100 .
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a detail of a silicon solar cell 100 of FIG. 1 including a screen printed bus bar 112 .
- the detail has been magnified to illustrate the problem caused by the two stage printing of finger lines 108 and bus bars 112 .
- the two stage printing results in bumps 124 formed at the intersection of finger lines 108 and bus bars 112 .
- Bumps 124 complicate tabbing ribbon 128 to bus bar 112 surface 132 soldering.
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of finger lines printed according to an example.
- Silicon solar cell 300 includes a plurality of finger lines 304 configured to collect electric current generated by silicon solar cell 300 upon interaction with incident solar light.
- Finger lines 304 could be printed or deposited on the light receiving surface of the solar cell surface 300 of silicon solar cell as segments 308 separated by gaps 312 .
- the printed finger lines could be fired to provide good electric contact and adhesion with the silicon solar cell 316 .
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example of bus bars added by screen printing to silicon solar cell 316 .
- Bus bars 400 are also printed on the light receiving surface of silicon solar cell 316 and are configured to be in electrical connection with each of the finger lines 304 segments 308 and to collect the electric current generated by the silicon solar cell 316 .
- the bus bars are deposited or printed on the solar cell in one deposition stage and the finger lines are deposited on the solar cell in another deposition stage separate from the deposition stage at which the bus bars are deposited.
- the bus bars and finger lines could have different thickness.
- each of bus bars 400 is a strip of electrically conductive material with a plurality of protrusions 404 extending from at least one side of the strip or bus bar 400 .
- Bus bars 400 including bus bar protrusions 404 are printed across the plurality of finger lines 304 in gaps 312 ( FIG. 3 ) between the segments of finger lines 308 .
- the cross section of the bus bars is usually selected to support a reliable conduction of the collected current and the height of the bus bars is usually selected to support reliable soldering of tabbing ribbons 128 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the length L of protrusions 404 as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B could vary from few hundreds of micron to few millimeters.
- the width W of protrusions 500 could be similar to the width of finger lines 304 , although in some examples it could be wider than the width of finger lines 304 to compensate for misalignment tolerances.
- Bus bars 400 and protrusions 404 are printed at the same printing stage and naturally could have the same height which could vary from 5 to 25 microns or any other desired height.
- Protrusions 404 are printed over the ends 308 of finger line segments forming finger lines 304 and could have a height different from the height surface 408 of bus bar 400 has.
- Surface 408 of bus bars 400 remains almost flat and it is proper configured to receive tabbing ribbons 128 ( FIG. 1 ).
- both the bus bars and the finger lines are deposited or printed using the same material.
- the bus bars are printed or deposited using a material different from the material the finger lines are made.
- the printing sequence disclosed maintains surface 408 of bus bar 400 almost flat or substantially and supports easy soldering of the tabbing ribbons 128 . Wider than finger lines extensions could reduce the accuracy required for printing the bus bars and bus bar protrusions over the earlier printed segments of the finger lines.
- bus bar protrusions 404 are shown as terminated at sharp angles. In some examples ( FIG. 5B ) the bus bar protrusions 504 could be rounded to minimize electric charge/current loses.
- Shading of the solar cells could be considered in deciding the proper width of the bas bar protrusions.
- only a small area of the protrusions could increase the shading.
- the protrusions area based on the protrusion sizes discussed above could increase the shading loses by less than 0.06% which is a negligible shading losses increase.
- An alternative solution for example, increase of bus bars width to create a flat surface sufficient to receive a tabbing ribbon width plus its deposition misalignment tolerances would cause a significant increase in shading loss.
- bus bars 600 containing protrusions 604 are printed first on light receiving surface 608 of silicon solar cell 612 .
- finger line segments 616 ( FIG. 7 ) are printed next on the light receiving surface 608 of silicon solar cell 612 .
- the finger lines are printed such that ends 720 of finger line segments 716 ( FIG. 7 ) are printed over protrusions 604 of bus bars 600 and overlap the protrusions.
- Surface 620 of bus bars 600 remains flat and it is proper configured to receive tabbing ribbons 128 ( FIG. 1 ) and supports easy soldering of tabbing ribbons 128 .
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/030,073 US9960286B2 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-11-24 | Solar cell bus bars |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361911510P | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | |
US15/030,073 US9960286B2 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-11-24 | Solar cell bus bars |
PCT/IL2014/000060 WO2015083148A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-11-24 | Solar cell bus bars |
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US20160254394A1 US20160254394A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US9960286B2 true US9960286B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
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US15/030,073 Active 2035-04-04 US9960286B2 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-11-24 | Solar cell bus bars |
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US (1) | US9960286B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015083148A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106847946A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-13 | 广东爱康太阳能科技有限公司 | The back electrode structure and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
CN106847945A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-13 | 广东爱康太阳能科技有限公司 | The backplate and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
CN106876494A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-20 | 广东爱康太阳能科技有限公司 | The back electrode structure and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
CN106876498A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-20 | 广东爱康太阳能科技有限公司 | The backplate and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
CN106847944A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-13 | 广东爱康太阳能科技有限公司 | The backplate and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
CN106981524A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-25 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | The back electrode structure and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries |
WO2019126245A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | University Of Florida Research Foundation | Methods of forming an antireflective layer on a complex substrate and complex substrates having the antireflective layer |
CN108922928B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-09-03 | 通威太阳能(安徽)有限公司 | A kind of backside structure improving two-sided PERC cell backside efficiency |
CN111211200B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2023-01-13 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Method for step-by-step printing of multi-main-grid solar cell |
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US20120305047A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2012-12-06 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell, solar cell module and solar cell system |
WO2013046384A1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Solar cell, solar cell module, and method for manufacturing solar cell |
US20130305528A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-21 | World Panel, Inc. | Power-Conditioned Solar Charger for Directly Coupling to Portable Electronic Devices |
WO2013179282A1 (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | Xjet Ltd. | Solar cell electrically conductive structure and method |
-
2014
- 2014-11-24 WO PCT/IL2014/000060 patent/WO2015083148A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-11-24 US US15/030,073 patent/US9960286B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120305047A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2012-12-06 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell, solar cell module and solar cell system |
WO2013046384A1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Solar cell, solar cell module, and method for manufacturing solar cell |
US20140202516A1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-07-24 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell, solar cell module, and method for manufacturing solar cell |
US20130305528A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-21 | World Panel, Inc. | Power-Conditioned Solar Charger for Directly Coupling to Portable Electronic Devices |
WO2013179282A1 (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | Xjet Ltd. | Solar cell electrically conductive structure and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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International Search Report & Written Opinion in PCT/IL2014/000060 dated Mar. 24, 2015. |
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US20160254394A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
WO2015083148A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
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