US987098A - Expansion-joint. - Google Patents

Description

J. SCOTT.

EXPANSION JOINT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1910.

Patented Mal'. 14, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

FIQJ.

I0 Il Attys J. SCOTT. EXPANSION JOINT. APPLIOATIoN FILED AUG. 9, 1910.

Patented Mar. 14, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNES ES Wfaoclwl .an 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES SCOTT, 0F PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

EXPANSION-JOINT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar.. 14, 1,911.

Application lled August `9, 1910.l Serial No. 576,366.

To @ZZ whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES Scofrr, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and 'useful Expansion-Joint, of which the following is a full, clear, 'reference being had drawings, tion.

My invention relates to the construction and exact description, to the accompanying forming part of this specificaof pipes or mains used in handling or conveying gases, and more particularly relates to the construction of such pipes or mains having a lining of bricks or lother refractory material which are used in conducting heated ases such as vare heated or vare burned in 51e hot blast stoves of a blast furnace plant. v

@ne object of my invention is to provide a main lined with refractory material having novel means for preventing creeping or relative movement of the refractorymetal shell and to prevent len th of the lining and serious damage resu ting from such increase in length.

Another object of this invention is to provid-e a lined main having an expansion joint in the metal shell means'for maintaining a gas' tight slip joint permitting relative longitudinal movement of the main caused by the alternate increase and decrease in the length of such gas .mains by reason of the repeated heating and -cocling to which the mains are subjected when in use, and to provide an" expansion joint in the refractory lining permitting length- Wiselmovement of the one part of the lining relative to its adjoining portion corresponding to that of the incasing metal shell of the main.

A further object of my invention is to provide a refractory lining having expansion joints located at suitable intervals'in its length and arranged lto prevent permanent increase in the length of the lining and the resulting destructive crushing effect of such increase in length.

ln conveying heated :gases by means of such mains, for example, the hot blast from A the hotblaststoves to the stackof a blast of the main having cooled or one portion of the main is heated and another cooled. The expansion of the heated main causes considerable increase in its length over that of the main when cold, and4 sets up enormous strains in the structure. Heretofore in the Lconstruction of such mains, provision has sometimes been made for the expansion of 'the metal shell, the refractor lining being buil-t up solidly With-in the she l. When 'such lined tubes or mains are in use the lining as Well as the metalv shell is expanded and increased in length by the heating eect of the gases passing through the main, and when'the main becomes cooled andthe lining is contracted, the joints' in the bricks forming the lining become broken kand adjoining ends of the bricks are separated to a `sli movement of the metal shell eing the y'cause of the separation of 'the bricks at the joints. The heated gases conducted in such mains usually contain a large amount of finely divided solid materials carried in suspension (in the gases, this being particularly the case inthe waste gases conducted away from t-he top o'f a blast furnace stack. When the gas main has been heated and then cooled so that the adjoining ends of the bricks are separated, the finely l'divided solid materials in theA gases, which are constantly being deposited in the mains, enter and ll up these" cracks. When the main is again heated the brick Work will be 'again expanded to the same extent as before, and by reason ofthe filling of the cracks by the materials deposited from the gases, the bri-ck Work 1s permanently increased in length and is successively'moved a greater distance at each heating and cooling lof the gas main and lining. While .the amount of such increase in length and movement is comparatively small at any one time, the result of long continued use is that lthe brick work is increased in length lto such an extent as to ofttimes cause serious damage to the structure.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a pipe or main having an expansion joint for the metal shell located at suitable intervals in the length of the gas main and having a refractory lining vconstructed and arranged in accordance With my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same on the line II-Ilrof Fig. 1.V Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section showing a modification in the construction' of the expansion joints in the refractory lining formmglpart of this apparatus.

In the drawings, 2 designates a cylindrical shell of a hot blast or gas mainbuilt up of lmetal joints in the usual manner. At intervals in the considerable length of such mains are expansion joints constructed and arran ed in accordance with my invention, and W ich, as shown are formed by making the metal shell of the main in sections and providing on the end of one section an an,

nular ring 3 of larger diameter than the` shell 2, and onvthe adjacent end of the adjoining section of the* main 'is a gland 4, which is arranged to compress and hold in position liocculent refractory materials placed in the annular space formed between the shell 2 andV the ring 3. Also placed within the stuffing box formed by the ring 3 and shell 2 is a series of rings 5 formed of suitable packing material adapted to resist the action of heat and a metal ring 6 is also placed in this space to act as a separator and eep one section of the shell 2 concentric with the other section and with the ring 3. The main is preferably suspended by U bolts 7 from suitable overhead supportsS, this construction lending to free longitudinal movement of the mam when expanding and contracting.

Within the metal shell 2 of the hot blastI main is a refractory brick lining which as shown is formed of two annular rows or layers, 9 and 10. At intervals in the length of each row ofbricks adjacent to the expansion joints formed in the metal shell of the main, the ends or edges 11 and 12, 13 and 14, of the bricks, are beveled. The beveled ends `of the bricks in one row 9 are formed so as to overlap those of the row 10, this being clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

`In the construction shown in Fig. 3 but V one of the adjoining ends of the bricks is beveled, and at the expansion joints formed in the brick work, the ends of the bricksf'are separated so as to form a space between the adjoining ends of these bricks. This space is preferably filled with 'asbestos wool, or similar flocculent refractory material.

In a gas main constructed in accordance with my invention, asshown in the drawings, the brick work and metal shell are alternately heated and cooled, and expand and contract in the usual manner. The expansion joints provided in the length of the metal shell permit of one section of the metal shell moving lengthwise freely, while at the same time the stuiing box and gland maintain a gas-tight joint. lWhen the brick v work is expanded and then contracted, the

brick work will separate as before, but on account of the relatively short dist-ance between the expansion joints, the brick work will separate only at points adjacent to the expansion joints in the metal shell. The beveled meeting edges of the joints formed in the refractory lining will separate and permit the entrance of finely ivided solids deposited from the gases in the same manner as before. When the brick work is again expanded ing a permanent increase in the length of the brick work due to filling of the cracks formed in the joints, the deposited materials will be forced outwardly into the main by reason of the inclined surfaces in the joints, and in this way prevent creeping or gradual permanent increase in the length of the brick work.

The advantages of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in the` art. From the above it will be readily seen that increase inthe length of the lining is prevented and movement of the refractory lining relatively to the metal shell overcome. The possibility of damage by breakage of the main due to permanent increase in the length of the brick work is rendered im possible.

Modifications in the construction and arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from my invention, as' defined in the claims.

The lining ma be monolithic instead of being formed of ricks, as in the usual construction. `In such cases, beveled joints are provided in the monolithic lining, at intervals in its length.

The employment of the stuiiing box and gland on the metal shell of the gas mains renders expansion and contraction of the apparatus possible, while maintaining a gastight joint.

I claim 1. A gas main comprising a metal shell surrounding a refractory lining, said lining having a transverse joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abutting end portion of at least one part being beveled.

by heating, instead of hav-A 2. A as main comprising a metal shell-i surroun ing a refractory lining, said lining having an overlapping transverselyextending joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abuttin end portion of at least one part bein beve ed.

3. In a gas main aving a. metal shell surrounding a refractory lining, an expansion joint comprising means on the shell forming a slip connection between adjoining ends 'of two parts of said shell and aY transverse joint ad'acent to said slip joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abutting end ofat least one part of the lining being beveled.

4. In a gas main having a metal shell surrounding a refractory lining, an ex ansion joint comprising a stuiiing box and g and on the shell forming a slip connection between 5. In a gas main having a metal shell surrounding a refractory l1n1ng, an e ansion joint comprising a stuiling box and-g and on the shell forming a slip connection between adjoining ends of two parts of said shell and a transverse joint a jacent to said slip joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abutting end of at least one part of the lining being beveled, and a packing of flocculent retract-or material in the stuiiing box portion of t e joint.

6. In a gas main having a metal shell surrounding a refractory lining, an expansion joint comprising a stuing box and gland on' the shell forming a slip connection between adjoiningl ends of two arts of said shell and a transverse joint a jacent to said slip joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abutting end of at least one part of the lining beingA beveled, and a packing of flocculent refractory .materials held in place in the stuiiing box by the gland.

7 In a gas main-having a metal shell surrounding arefractory lining, an e ansion joint comprising a stuing box and g and on the shell v.forming a Slip connection between adjoining ends of two sarts of said shell' and a transverse joint a jacent to said slip. joint separating the lining into a plurality of parts, the abutting end of atleast one part of the linino' being beveled, and means in the stuiiing box adapted to hold the end of the main within .the stuing box concentric j with the adjoinin end on which the stuifing box 'is mounte. D 8. In a gas main a. refractory limng dllvidedtransversely into a plurallty ofparts,

the abutting ends of the llning at the joints being beveled.y

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

v JAMES SCOTT. Witnesses: v

R. D. Lrrrm, L. G. BROWER.

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