US9709670B1 - System and method for a directable countermeasure with divergent laser - Google Patents
System and method for a directable countermeasure with divergent laser Download PDFInfo
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- US9709670B1 US9709670B1 US15/259,770 US201615259770A US9709670B1 US 9709670 B1 US9709670 B1 US 9709670B1 US 201615259770 A US201615259770 A US 201615259770A US 9709670 B1 US9709670 B1 US 9709670B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/495—Counter-measures or counter-counter-measures using electronic or electro-optical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/224—Deceiving or protecting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
- F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
- F41H13/005—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam
- F41H13/0056—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam for blinding or dazzling, i.e. by overstimulating the opponent's eyes or the enemy's sensor equipment
Definitions
- Jamming a reticle-based infrared homing missile for large aircraft is a problem that has been addressed in the past.
- a handoff from a missile warning sensor generates reported coordinates for an incoming missile and cues an infrared countermeasure (IRCM) system to slew a type of gimbal to the reported coordinates.
- IRCM infrared countermeasure
- An onboard mid-wave infrared (MWIR) camera sometimes referred to as a tracking camera, searches the region for the incoming missile and directs a narrow laser beam, often just a few milliradians (mrad), to deceive the missile's tracking electronics.
- MWIR mid-wave infrared
- the weight, power requirements, and cost of present IRCM systems results in a difficulty in adapting such systems for use in smaller aircraft.
- DIRCM directed energy infrared countermeasure
- UAV unmanned aerial vehicles
- the problems noted above are solved in large part by a system including a threat warning system and a countermeasure system.
- the threat warning system generates threat data that includes at least a threat coordinate value.
- the countermeasure system includes a wide-angle laser beam director and the counter measure system receives the threat data including the threat coordinate value from the threat warning system and causes the beam director to direct a divergent laser beam based on the threat coordinate value.
- a method including receiving threat data from a threat warning system, wherein the threat data comprises at least a threat coordinate value, and causing a wide-angle laser beam director to direct a divergent laser beam based on the threat coordinate value.
- a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to receive threat data from a threat warning system, wherein the threat data comprises at least a threat coordinate value, and cause a wide-angle laser beam director to direct a divergent laser beam based on the threat coordinate value.
- FIG. 1 a shows a block diagram of a system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 b shows a block diagram of a laser generation and direction system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 c shows a block diagram of an alternate laser generation and direction system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 shows a view of a countermeasure system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 shows another view of the countermeasure system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- unmanned aircraft systems or UAS refers to all types of unmanned or remotely operated aerial devices, such as remotely operated aircraft, unmanned aircraft, and the like.
- UAS unmanned aircraft systems
- SAM surface-to-air
- IR-guided missiles IR-guided missiles
- DIRCM systems utilize a threat warning system, which detects an incoming threat such as a missile and passes threat coordinate information to the IRCM system. The IRCM system then moves a turret based on the received threat coordinate information and uses a tracking camera to continue to track the threat.
- the IRCM activates a laser to jam the incoming threat, causing the threat to veer off course and miss the target aircraft.
- the tracking camera and associated electronics are both costly and heavy, rendering such a system unsuitable for use in UAS and other lightweight aircraft.
- systems and methods for pseudo-directable jamming which are both lighter and less complex than conventional directed energy infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) systems, are provided and described in further detail below.
- DIRCM directed energy infrared countermeasure
- a divergent laser beam (greater than one degree, but less than the quadrants or hemispheres of legacy lamp-based lighthouse jammers) is directed in the general area of a threat's coordinates, which creates a low radiant intensity jamming that is nonetheless sufficient to protect small signature aircraft, such as UAS and other lightweight aircraft.
- a laser cone in excess of the typical few mrads, less precision is required in directing the laser beam and a tracking camera and its associated control electronics are not needed or utilized, the present disclosure allows for systems and methods that are both less complex and lighter than conventional DIRCM systems.
- the system 100 includes a threat warning system 102 coupled to a countermeasure system 104 .
- the threat warning system 102 identifies an incoming threat and various threat attributes, such as its coordinates and an angle of approach value.
- the threat warning system 102 generates threat data indicative of one or more of such attributes and transmits the threat data to the countermeasure system 104 .
- the countermeasure system 104 receives the threat data from the threat warning system 102 .
- the countermeasure system 104 includes a CPU 106 , which may include any of various types of hardware processors, programmable logic, and the like.
- the countermeasure system 104 also includes a laser generator 108 and a beam director 110 .
- the laser generator 108 and beam director 110 combine to generate and direct a divergent laser beam.
- the countermeasure system 104 for example based on control executed by the CPU 106 —causes the laser generator 108 and beam director 110 to generate and direct the divergent laser beam based on a threat coordinate value contained in the received threat data from the threat warning system 102 .
- the system 100 may employ a single beam director 110 as shown in FIG. 1 b .
- the system 100 may employ multiple distributed beam directors 110 a - n as shown in FIG. 1 c .
- a single laser 108 may be centrally located in the UAS and used to source a number of beam directors 110 a - n located at different positions around the UAS skin, via a fiber optic network for example.
- the control of the multiple beam directors 110 a - n may still be carried out by a single, centrally-located CPU 106 .
- the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 implements pseudo-directable jamming, where a broad cone of laser energy, for example between one and five degrees or in some cases between one and ten degrees, is directed toward the general vicinity indicated by threat coordinate values received from the threat warning system 102 .
- a broad cone of laser energy for example between one and five degrees or in some cases between one and ten degrees
- the resulting countermeasure effect is comparable to a contemporary DIRCM system when used on a large signature aircraft.
- the broad cone of directed laser energy allows for less precision in aiming the laser, both initially and subsequently, and thus the system 100 does not include a tracking camera or its associated control electronics, such as search and tracking logic that.
- a less-accurate gimbal may be employed relative to conventional DIRCM systems, further saving weight and expense.
- the jamming laser power is increased, while other requirements (e.g., precision direction of the laser) may be relaxed.
- the cost and weight of laser generator 108 and beam director 110 scales favorably when considering cost and weight, such that an increase in laser requirements is more than offset by the simplifications offered by eliminating a tracking camera, higher-precision gimbal, and higher-precision direction and tracking electronics.
- MTBF system mean time between failures
- the system 100 provides a scalable alternative, which is capable of installation in and protection of small aircraft such as UAVs.
- the countermeasure system 104 may cause the angle of the cone generated and directed at the target to vary based on the handoff accuracy of the threat warning system 102 .
- other laser requirements and considerations such as startup pointing direction, aircraft platform flexure, system installation accuracy and complexity, and multiband laser complexe requirements may be relaxed relative to conventional DIRCM systems.
- the system 100 utilizes a small gimbal having a large divergence-aperture product.
- the coordinate information supplied by the threat warning system 102 may have a lower resolution than is conventionally required. Additionally, no tracking camera is required because there is no need to know where the threat is provided that it falls within the jamming cone of laser energy.
- the countermeasure system 104 enables a feedback loop between the beam director 110 and the threat warning system 102 .
- the threat warning system 102 provides updated threat data, including updated threat coordinate values, to the countermeasure system 104
- the countermeasure system causes the beam director 110 to update its direction accordingly.
- data from the threat warning system 102 may still be leveraged to provide active direction of the jamming cone of laser energy.
- the countermeasure system does not alter the direction of the beam director 110 after its initial direction.
- aircraft signatures are not typically angularly homogeneous. That is, the aircraft signature seen by a threat varies with the threat's angle of approach. For example, the signature is strongly peaked in the directions of the aircraft exhaust ports, while the signature may be relatively small over the rest of the aircraft. Thus, in certain embodiments, an angle of approach value for the threat is included in the threat data generated by the threat warning system 102 and received by the countermeasure system 104 .
- the countermeasure system 104 may cause the beam director 110 to vary an angle of the jamming cone based on the received angle of approach value, for example using a wider cone when the angle of approach value indicates that the signature perceived by the threat is low and a narrower, more focused cone when the angle of approach value indicates that the signature perceived by the threat is high.
- a lookup table may be utilized by the countermeasure system 104 to associate various angle of approach values with particular jamming cone angles. For example, a first angle of approach value may be associated with a jamming cone angle of three degrees while a second angle of approach value may be associated with a jamming cone angle of seven degrees. It should be appreciated that such a table may be populated based on analysis of the signature of a given aircraft. Further, it should be appreciated that angle of approach entries in the table may correspond to ranges of angles (e.g., 0-89 degrees, 90-179 degrees, 180-269 degrees, and 270-359 degrees) or to single angles.
- the laser in a conventional DIRCM system must be of very high mode quality in order to direct a laser beam with a required small divergence.
- the laser must have good pointing stability at the start of jamming, or a risk of increasing pointing error as the laser warms up becomes unacceptably large.
- the present disclosure utilizes a divergent laser beam 108 , 110 and thus neither the laser beam mode nor the initial pointing vector are required to be as accurate as with conventional DIRCM systems. This further reduces requirements on the system 100 and results in a simpler laser with higher wallplug efficiency.
- the removal of the tracking camera and the substitution of a wide-angle beam director 110 results in an optical system of much lower complexity and weight.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method 200 in accordance with various embodiments. It should be appreciated that certain steps of the method may be omitted or performed in an order different than shown; further, certain steps may be performed contemporaneously.
- the method 200 begins in block 202 with receiving threat data including a threat coordinate value for a threat from a threat warning system 102 . As explained above, the threat data may include other information as well, but the threat coordinate value is needed by the countermeasure system 104 to institute a jamming countermeasures.
- the method 200 continues in block 204 with causing a wide-angle laser beam director 108 , 110 to direct a divergent laser beam based on the threat coordinate value.
- a jamming cone of the laser may be in the range of one to five degrees or, in certain embodiments, one to ten degrees or more.
- the use of a tracking camera is not required, and thus the method 200 may continue in block 206 with directing the divergent laser beam without the use of a tracking camera.
- the method 200 continues in block 208 with updating the direction of the beam director 110 as a result of receiving an updated threat coordinate value from the threat warning system 102 .
- the countermeasure system 104 may complete a feedback loop between the warning system 102 and the beam director for increased jamming effectiveness.
- the method 200 may continue in block 210 with varying an angle of the jamming cone based on an angle of approach value indicated by the received threat data from the threat warning system 102 .
- the jamming cone angle may be varied, for example using a wider cone when the angle of approach value indicates that the signature perceived by the threat is low and a narrower, more focused cone when the angle of approach value indicates that the signature perceived by the threat is high.
- a lookup table may be utilized to associate various angle of approach values with particular jamming cone angles. For example, a first angle of approach value may be associated with a jamming cone angle of three degrees while a second angle of approach value may be associated with a jamming cone angle of seven degrees. It should be appreciated that such a table may be populated based on analysis of the signature of a given aircraft. Further, it should be appreciated that angle of approach entries in the table may correspond to ranges of angles (e.g., 0-89 degrees, 90-179 degrees, 180-269 degrees, and 270-359 degrees) or to single angles.
- angles e.g., 0-89 degrees, 90-179 degrees, 180-269 degrees, and 270-359 degrees
- FIG. 3 shows another view of the countermeasure system 104 in accordance with various embodiments.
- the countermeasure system 104 includes a laser direction engine 302 and a data repository 304 coupled to the laser direction engine 302 .
- the laser direction engine 302 is a combination of programming and hardware to execute the programming. Although shown as a single engine, the functionality of the laser direction engine 302 may be distributed across multiple platforms. For example, the laser direction engine 302 may be implemented using either a common processor and memory, or may be applied across multiple processors and/or memories. Additionally, the programming that enables the functionality of the laser direction engine 302 may be included in the same executable file or library or across multiple executable files or libraries.
- the laser direction engine 302 receives threat data from a threat warning system, such as threat warning system 202 described above with respect to FIG. 1 .
- the threat data includes at least a threat coordinate value, but may also include an angle of approach value, for a threat such as a missile.
- the laser direction engine 302 causes a wide-angle laser beam director 110 to direct a divergent laser beam based on the threat coordinate value included with the threat data. Further, the laser direction engine 302 may direct the divergent laser beam without the use of a tracking camera and associated electronics. In some cases, the laser direction engine 302 updates the direction of the beam director 110 as a result of receiving an updated or different threat coordinate value from a threat warning system such as threat warning system 102 described above.
- the laser direction engine 302 varies an angle of the laser beam jamming cone based on a received angle of approach value from the threat warning system 102 .
- a lookup table may be utilized to associate various angle of approach values with particular jamming cone angles.
- the lookup table may be store in, for example, the data repository 304 .
- the data repository 304 may store threat data received from the threat warning system 102 prior to the laser direction engine 102 performing the above described functionality, and may generally store any data generated or received by the countermeasure system 104 .
- FIG. 4 shows another example of the countermeasure system 104 in accordance with various embodiments.
- the countermeasure system 104 includes a memory resource 402 coupled to a processing resource 404 .
- the processing resource 404 is one or more local or distributed processors.
- the memory resource 402 includes one or more local or distributed memory devices and comprises a laser direction module 406 .
- the memory resource 402 and the processing resource 404 are hardware components of the countermeasure system 104 .
- the laser direction module 406 represents instructions that, when executed by the processing resource 404 , implement an associated engine. For example, when the laser direction module 406 is executed by the processing resource 404 , the above-described laser direction engine 302 functionality is implemented.
- the laser direction module 406 may also be implemented as an installation package or packages stored on the memory resource 402 , which may be a computer-readable medium such as a CD/DVD or a server from which the installation package may be downloaded. Additionally, in some embodiments, the above-described functionality may be implemented in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a combination of an ASIC and software, or an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP).
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- ASIP application-specific instruction-set processor
- the use of a divergent laser beam for jamming countermeasures represents a departure from conventional jamming geometry, which relies on very small divergence in the case of conventional DIRCM or very broad angles in the case of conventional lighthouse-style jammers.
- This new jamming geometry permits removal of tracking cameras (and their supporting processing electronics) required by conventional DIRCM systems, which results in a lower overall weight and electrical power requirements, enabling IRCM protection for correspondingly smaller platforms such as UAS and other lightweight aircraft.
- the beam director(s) may be simplified as accuracy becomes less important as the jamming cone angle increases, and other laser requirements may also be relaxed.
- the above-described embodiments and examples result in systems and methods that may be employed to provide IRCM protection in small platforms, which were previously unable to support the weight and input electrical power needs of a conventional DIRCM system.
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US14/316,508 US9465100B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-06-26 | System and method for a directable countermeasure with divergent laser |
US15/259,770 US9709670B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2016-09-08 | System and method for a directable countermeasure with divergent laser |
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US8082832B1 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2011-12-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Missile system using two-color missile-signature simulation using mid-infrared test source semiconductor lasers |
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US9465100B2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
US20150323656A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
US20170205496A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
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