US9642018B2 - Communication arrangement with overlap area - Google Patents
Communication arrangement with overlap area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9642018B2 US9642018B2 US13/207,491 US201113207491A US9642018B2 US 9642018 B2 US9642018 B2 US 9642018B2 US 201113207491 A US201113207491 A US 201113207491A US 9642018 B2 US9642018 B2 US 9642018B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mobile radio
- antenna
- radio cell
- signals
- communication arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009028 cell transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- UQONAEXHTGDOIH-AWEZNQCLSA-N O=C(N1CC[C@@H](C1)N1CCCC1=O)C1=CC2=C(NC3(CC3)CCO2)N=C1 Chemical compound O=C(N1CC[C@@H](C1)N1CCCC1=O)C1=CC2=C(NC3(CC3)CCO2)N=C1 UQONAEXHTGDOIH-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N odevixibat Chemical compound C12=CC(SC)=C(OCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(O)=O)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C=C2S(=O)(=O)NC(CCCC)(CCCC)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/26—Cell enhancers or enhancement, e.g. for tunnels, building shadow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
- H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
- H04B7/2606—Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
Definitions
- Various embodiments generally relate to a communication arrangement.
- a communication arrangement which has a first antenna for transmitting signals into the coverage area of a first mobile radio cell, a second antenna for transmitting signals into the coverage area of a second mobile radio cell and a signal radiating device which is arranged for radiating signals, which are sent out by the first antenna, into an area which is associated with the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and which overlaps the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell.
- FIG. 1 shows a communication system according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a base station according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of received field strength and a message flowchart.
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the quality of reception according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows measurement results for mobile radio cells according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the quality of reception and a message flowchart.
- FIG. 7 shows a communication arrangement according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a communication arrangement according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram of the quality of reception according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a communication arrangement according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows a diagram of the quality of reception according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows a communication arrangement according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows a communication arrangement according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a base station mast according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows a diagram of the quality of reception.
- a cellular mobile radio communication system is described using a communication system according to LTE (Long Term Evolution) as an example. It should be noted that the communication system, according to other embodiments, can also be arranged in accordance with other communication standards, for example according to GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), CDMA2000 (CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access), FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Access), etc.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
- CDMA2000 CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
- FOMA Freedom of Mobile Access
- FIG. 1 shows a communication system 100 according to one embodiment.
- the communication system 100 is arranged in accordance with the network architecture of LTE.
- the communication system 100 has a radio access network (E-UTRAN, evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network) 101 and a core network (EPC, evolved packet core) 102 .
- the E-UTRAN 101 has base stations (called eNodeB, eNB according to LTE) 103 .
- Each base station 103 supplies one or more mobile radio cells 104 of the E-UTRAN 101 .
- Control data and payload data are conveyed between a base station 103 and a mobile radio terminal 105 which is located in a mobile radio cell 104 which is operated by the base station 103 , via the air interface 106 on the basis of a multiple access method.
- the base stations 103 are connected to one another by means of the X2 interface 107 .
- the base stations 103 are also connected to the core network (called Evolved Packet Core according to LTE) 102 , more precisely to an MME (Mobility Management Entity) 109 and to a serving gateway (S-GW) 110 by means of the S1 interface 108 .
- the MME 109 is responsible for controlling the mobility of mobile radio terminals which are located in the coverage area of the E-UTRAN 101 whereas the serving gateway 110 is responsible for handling the transmission of payload data between mobile radio terminals 105 and the core network 102 .
- FIG. 2 shows a base station 200 according to one embodiment.
- the base station 200 operates a first mobile radio cell 201 , a second mobile radio cell 202 and a third mobile radio cell 203 .
- the mobile radio cells 201 , 202 , 203 can also be considered as being three different mobile radio cell sectors which are operated by the base station 200 .
- the mobile radio cells 201 , 202 , 203 are different mobile radio cells in the sense that they are assigned different scrambling codes.
- the base station 200 has been placed in the vicinity of a motorway (or of a highway), having a first lane 204 which runs from left to right in FIG. 2 , and a second lane 205 which runs from right to left in FIG. 2 .
- base stations are placed in the vicinity of a motorway or of a highway so that a large area of the motorway or of the highway can be covered (that is to say supplied) by the base stations.
- a handover is required between the mobile radio cells. This can be required frequently if the mobile radio subscriber device 105 is moving through the coverage area of the mobile radio communication system at a high speed.
- a handover from one mobile radio cell to another mobile radio cell typically requires several steps (for example a message exchange between the mobile radio terminal 105 and the E-UTRAN 101 ) which in each case requires a certain minimum time (a certain minimum time expenditure).
- the mobile radio terminal may first be necessary in the case of a change of mobile radio cells that the mobile radio terminal detects whether another mobile radio cell than that in which it is currently located exists and that it carries out radio measurements of this new mobile radio cell, for example the quality of reception of signals which are sent out by the base station which operates the new mobile radio cell. If the mobile radio terminal has found on the basis of such measurements, for example, that the new mobile radio cell is suitable for a handover, it is necessary, for example, that the mobile radio terminal requests a handover to the new mobile radio cell from the access network, the E-UTRAN 101 in the above example.
- the radio access network assigns the new mobile radio cell to the mobile radio terminal, for example signals to the mobile radio terminal that it is allocated to the new mobile radio cell from now on and should communicate with the corresponding base station and, for example, by using the corresponding scrambling code, with the radio access network.
- a handover between a first mobile radio cell (cell B) 201 and a second mobile radio cell (cell A) 202 will be explained more precisely in the text which follows, referring to FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of received field strength 301 and a message flowchart 302 .
- the received field strength for the first mobile radio cell is identified by a first graph 305 and that for the second mobile radio cell is identified by a second graph 306 .
- the graphs 305 , 306 show the variation of the received field strength of signals which are allocated to the respective mobile radio cell, that is to say, for example, of control signals which are sent out by a base station for operating the respective mobile radio cell (e.g. pilot signals).
- the variation of the quality of reception is shown in time and changes depending on how the mobile radio terminal which measures the quality of reception or receives signals with the quality of reception shown is moving through the first mobile radio cell and the second mobile radio cell, assuming in this example that the mobile radio terminal is moving out of the first mobile radio cell and into the second mobile radio cell.
- the first mobile radio cell and the second mobile radio cell have a large area of overlap and correspondingly the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell, shown by the second graph 306 , already increases before the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell, shown by the first graph 305 , (significantly) decreases.
- the mobile radio terminal has detected the presence of the second mobile radio cell early due to the increase in quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell and thus already knows of the presence of the second mobile radio cell at a first time 307 .
- a measurement delay or report delay for example in the physical layer (layer 1) of the mobile radio terminal, of, for example, approximately 50 ms (the time interval between the first time 307 and a second time 308 ).
- the mobile radio terminal After a filter delay, for example in the network layer (layer 3), of, for example, approximately 200 ms, the mobile radio terminal checks at a third time 309 up to a fourth time 310 whether a handover to the second mobile radio cell should be carried out.
- the second mobile radio cell must meet a particular quality criterion for a particular period of time, for example the period of time between the third time 309 and the fourth time 310 , for example be the best cell for a handover according to one criterion.
- the time between the third time 309 and the fourth time 310 is, for example, between 100 ms and 1280 ms, typically approximately 200 ms.
- the message exchange shown in the message flowchart 302 , between the mobile radio terminal which, for example, corresponds to the mobile radio terminal 105 , and the radio access network which, for example, corresponds to the E-UTRAN 101 , begins in this example.
- the mobile radio terminal sends to the radio access network a report about the radio measurements of the second mobile radio cell and a request for a handover of the mobile radio terminal to the second mobile radio cell.
- This requires, for example, three PDUs (packet data units) 312 which require about 120 ms (40 ms per PDU) and is followed by a processing delay 313 of approx. 50 ms at the network end.
- the radio access network sends an acknowledgement to the mobile radio terminal which requires, for example, a PDU 315 and thus 40 ms.
- the active set that is to say the set of mobile radio cells in which the mobile radio terminal is registered and which the mobile radio terminal can use for communication with the radio access network, is updated in that the second mobile radio cell is added in 317 .
- This requires, for example, two PDUs 316 and thus, for example, 80 ms, assuming that a PDU requires 40 ms transmission time.
- the handover is successfully concluded at a fifth time 318 which is about 300 ms after the fourth time 310 .
- the handover procedure thus typically requires at least approx. 750 ms.
- the message exchange shown in the message flowchart 302 was carried out by the mobile radio terminal using the first mobile radio cell, i.e. whilst being registered in the first mobile radio cell.
- the mobile radio terminal can also communicate with the radio access network by using the second mobile radio cell.
- the handover could be concluded successfully since the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell, represented by the first graph 305 , was good enough for the duration of the handover procedure so that the handover procedure including the performance of radio measurements of the second mobile radio cell and the performance of the message exchange shown in the message flowchart 302 could be carried out completely.
- FIG. 4 shows a possible variation of the qualities of reception of the first mobile radio cell 201 and of the second mobile radio cell 202 .
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the quality of reception 400 according to one embodiment.
- the quality of reception is, for example, the ratio of the energy of the pilot signal for the respective mobile radio cell to the total energy which is received by the mobile radio terminal, for example in decibel.
- the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell decreases shortly after the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell rises, and reaches a very low value (for example ⁇ 25 dB) before the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell has reached a good value (for example ⁇ 5 dB). This occurs, for example, when the mobile radio terminal is moving on the first lane 204 in FIG. 2 from the left to the right.
- FIG. 5 shows measurement results for mobile radio cells according to one embodiment.
- a diagram 501 the quality of reception of a first mobile radio cell, which, for example, corresponds to the first mobile radio cell 201 in FIG. 2 , is represented by means of a first graph 502
- the quality of reception of a second mobile radio cell which, for example, corresponds to the second mobile radio cell 202 in FIG. 2 , is represented by means of a second graph 503 .
- the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell decreases shortly after the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell increases in this example.
- the time is specified in frames, one frame corresponding to, for example, 10 ms.
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of quality of reception 601 and a message flowchart 602 .
- the diagram of quality of reception 601 shows in a first graph 605 the variation of the quality of reception in the time, which is plotted along a first axis 603 , of a first mobile radio cell which, for example, corresponds to the first mobile radio cell 201 in the representation of FIG. 2
- a second graph 606 shows the variation of the quality of reception of a second mobile radio cell which, for example, corresponds to the mobile radio cell 202 in FIG. 2 .
- the quality of reception is plotted along a second axis 604 as above, for example the value of the energy of the received pilot signal of the respective cell in proportion to the received total energy in dBm.
- a first time 607 , a second time 608 , a third time 609 , a fourth time 610 and a fifth time 611 in each case correspond to the times 307 , 308 , 309 , 310 , 318 which are described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
- the message flow represented in the message flowchart 602 progresses analogously to the message flow, described with reference to FIG. 3 , of the message flowchart 302 .
- the handover procedure requires about 750 ms.
- the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell represented by the first graph 605 , drops too early to a value which is too low, for example ⁇ 25 dBm, for being able to terminate the handover procedure successfully.
- the quality of reception of the first cell drops, as shown in the diagram of the quality of reception 601 , before the fifth time 611 to a value which is too low so that the mobile radio terminal can no longer receive the acknowledgement of the radio access network in 614 and the updating of the active set in 615 by means of the first mobile radio cell.
- the handover procedure thus fails and the mobile radio terminal can lose the connection to the radio access network since it can no longer use the first mobile radio cell, but the handover procedure to the second mobile radio cell, that is to say the addition of the second mobile radio cell to the active set of the mobile radio terminal could not be ended and therefore the communication link to the radio access network cannot be continued by means of the second mobile radio cell.
- a base station or also a number of base stations are placed in such a way that adjoining mobile radio cells (or mobile radio cell sectors) only overlap by a small amount.
- This case is also called cell transition or crossing cell (X-cell) as is shown, for example, in FIG. 2 in which this case occurs since the base station 200 is placed very close to the lanes 204 , 205 .
- X-cell cell transition or crossing cell
- an additional base station is associated with costs for the operator of the mobile radio communication system and also requires additional backbone links (for example links to the core network) and, for example, transmission capacity to the core network.
- an additional base station also generates much (possibly unnecessary) interference which can be very undesirable especially in communication systems according to UMTS or LTE in which the transmission capacity is restricted due to the interference.
- FIG. 7 shows a communication arrangement 700 according to one embodiment.
- the communication arrangement 700 has a first antenna 701 for transmitting signals to the coverage area of a first mobile radio cell 702 .
- the communication arrangement also has a second antenna 703 for transmitting signals to the coverage area of a second mobile radio cell 704 .
- the communication arrangement 700 also has a signal radiating device 705 which is arranged for radiating signals, which are sent out by the first antenna 701 , into an area 706 which is associated with the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 702 and which overlaps the coverage area of the second mobile cell 704 .
- the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 702 is moved into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 704 , for example in such a manner that when the first mobile radio cell 702 is left and the second mobile radio cell 704 is entered (for example by a mobile radio communication terminal), a seamless transition is performed from the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 702 into the area into which the signal radiating device 705 radiates the signals and (possibly in the case of further movement) into the area of overlap between the area into which the signal radiating device 705 radiates the signals and the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 704 .
- a mobile radio communication terminal moving in this manner can receive for a time both signals which are sent out by the first antenna 701 (and by the signal radiating device 705 ) and signals which are sent out by the second antenna 702 and, for example, can successfully perform a handover procedure from the first mobile radio cell 702 to the second mobile radio cell 704 .
- the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell do not overlap in the area.
- each part of the area is located in the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and/or in the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell (wherein the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell can overlap so that a part of the area is located in the coverage areas of both mobile radio cells).
- the area does not increase the network coverage (e.g. not the coverage by the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell).
- the area therefore has no effect for a stationary subscriber device but is only of importance for moving subscriber devices which are moving quickly out of the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell and into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell.
- the communication arrangement can also have one or several base stations, the first antenna and the second antenna being antennas of the one or several base stations.
- the communication arrangement can have a mast (for example a base station mast) on which the first antenna and the second antenna are mounted, the signal radiating device being mounted on the mast.
- a mast for example a base station mast
- the signal radiating device is an active transmitting device.
- the communication arrangement can have a signal generating device which supplies the same signals to the antenna and to the signal radiating device for sending out by means of the antenna and for sending out by means of the signal radiating device.
- a radio signal generator can be provided which, for example, according to data which it receives from other components of the mobile radio network, generates a radio signal which it supplies to the antenna and to the signal radiating device for sending out.
- the signal generating device is, for example, a part of the base station which operates the first mobile radio cell.
- the signal radiating device has, for example, a (third) antenna.
- the signal radiating device is passive.
- the signal radiating device is a reflector.
- the communication arrangement also has a mast on which the first antenna and the second antenna are mounted, the reflector being arranged remote from the mast.
- the reflector is thus not arranged or attached directly on the mast but arranged at a certain distance independently from the antennas.
- the reflector is arranged in the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell.
- the communication arrangement also has a mast on which the first antenna and the second antenna are mounted, and the reflector is arranged on the mast.
- the reflector is arranged (at least partially) in the main direction of radiation of the first antenna.
- the reflector is arranged, for example, in a direction from the first antenna so that it is arranged at least partially in a sector or cone in which the first antenna mainly radiates.
- the signal radiating device can be arranged for radiating the signals in such a manner that the area is an area which does not exceed a predetermined maximum extent.
- the signal radiating device in one embodiment, radiates in a limited area (e.g. small area in comparison with the cell size of the cells of the mobile radio network).
- the signal radiating device can be arranged for radiating the signals in such a manner that the area is an area which is not less than a predetermined minimum extent.
- the signal radiating device can also be arranged for radiating the signals in such a manner that the area is an area in which the signal strength of the signals sent out by the first antenna is below a predetermined first threshold value.
- the signal radiating device can also be arranged for radiating the signals in such a manner that the area is an area in which the signal strength of the signals sent out by the second antenna is below a predetermined first threshold value.
- the area is located, for example, in the vicinity of the first antenna, for example closer to the first antenna than parts of the first coverage area (e.g. parts of the first coverage area located on the edge of the first coverage area).
- the area does not increase, for example, the geographic extent of the first coverage area on its outer edge (i.e. facing away from the base station) but is used for coverage in the vicinity of the base station.
- the signals sent out by the first antenna are spread by means of a first scrambling code and the signals sent out by the second antenna are spread by means of a second scrambling code, the first scrambling code and the second scrambling code being different.
- the signals sent out by the first antenna are spread by means of a first scrambling code and the signals radiated by the signal radiating device are also spread by means of the first scrambling code.
- the signals are control signals, for example mobile radio network control signals, e.g. pilot signals.
- the signals include, for example, signals for performing a handover procedure, that is to say, for example, signals which are required for a successful performance of a handover procedure.
- the signals only include control signals.
- the signals are, for example, free of user data, e.g. payload data which are exchanged by users (i.e. mobile radio subscribers).
- the signal radiating device is an active device. This will be explained in the text which follows, referring to FIGS. 8 to 11 .
- FIG. 8 shows a communication arrangement 800 according to one embodiment.
- the communication arrangement 800 includes a base station 806 which operates a first mobile radio cell 801 , a second mobile radio cell 802 and a third mobile radio cell 803 .
- the first mobile radio cell 801 corresponds to the first mobile radio cell 201 from FIG. 2 and the second mobile radio cell 802 corresponds to the second mobile radio cell 202 from FIG. 2 .
- the first mobile radio cell 801 and the second mobile radio cell 802 thus have a small area of overlap which, as explained with reference to FIG. 2 , could lead to connection breakdowns.
- an active signal radiating device 807 which supplies an area 808 with the signals of the second mobile radio cell 802 , that is to say with the signals which are sent out by the base station 806 in the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell, for example by using the scrambling code allocated to the second mobile radio cell.
- the area 808 can be considered as a microcell which extends the second mobile radio cell 802 into the first mobile radio cell 801 within a small area around the cell transition which is formed by the first mobile radio cell 801 and the second mobile radio cell 802 , or, in other words, by the base station 806 .
- the area 808 is not a separate mobile radio cell but only an extension of the second mobile radio cell 802 .
- no separate scrambling code is allocated to the area 808 but the active signal radiating device 807 sends the signals by using the scrambling code which is also allocated to the second mobile radio cell 802 .
- the second mobile radio cell 802 Due to the extension of the second mobile radio cell 802 into the first mobile radio cell 801 , the second mobile radio cell 802 can be detected earlier by a mobile radio terminal which is moving from the first mobile radio cell 801 into the second mobile radio cell 802 , that is to say, for example, moving from left to right along the first lane 804 , and thus the handover procedure can be initiated early by the mobile radio terminal and be performed correspondingly before the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell 801 has fallen to too low a value for ending the handover procedure.
- FIG. 9 The variation of the quality of reception 801 and of the second mobile radio cell 802 within the time for a mobile radio terminal which is moving from left to right in the scenario of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram of the quality of reception 900 according to one embodiment.
- the time is plotted from left to right along a first axis 901 and the quality of reception is plotted along a second axis 902 and a first graph 903 shows the variation of the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell 801 with time and a second graph 904 shows the variation of the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell 802 with time.
- a first graph 903 shows the variation of the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell 801 with time
- a second graph 904 shows the variation of the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell 802 with time.
- the active signal radiating device 807 has the effect that the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell 802 begins to rise earlier and thus the handover procedure can be initiated earlier by the mobile radio communication terminal, for example the presence of the second mobile radio cell 802 can be detected earlier and thus a handover can also be requested earlier from the radio access network.
- the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 801 is extended into the second mobile radio cell 802 by the active signal radiating device 807 . This will be described with reference to FIG. 10 in the text which follows.
- FIG. 10 shows a communication arrangement 1000 according to one embodiment.
- the communication arrangement 1000 has a base station 1006 , a first mobile radio cell 1001 , a second mobile radio cell 1002 , a third mobile radio cell 1003 , an active signal radiating device 1007 and an area 1008 , the area 1008 being an extension of the first mobile radio cell 1001 , that is to say the active signal radiating device 1007 sends the signals of the first mobile radio cell 1001 into the area 1008 .
- the area of the first mobile radio cell 1001 is illustratively extended by the signal radiating device 1007 into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 1002 .
- FIG. 11 The corresponding variation of the quality of reception for a communication terminal which is moving from left to right in the scenario of FIG. 10 , for example on the first lane 1004 , is shown in FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 11 shows a diagram of the quality of reception 1100 according to one embodiment.
- the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell 1001 is represented by means of a first graph 1103 and the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell 1002 is represented by means of a second graph 1104 , time being plotted along a first axis 1101 and the quality of reception being plotted along a second axis 1102 .
- Comparison with the diagram of the quality of reception 400 from FIG. 4 shows that the extension of the first mobile radio cell 1001 by the signal radiating device in the form of the area 1008 into the second mobile radio cell 1002 has the effect that the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell 1001 , as shown by the first graph 1103 , decreases to a greater extent only at a later time so that the mobile radio terminal, after detection of the second mobile radio cell 1002 , in the case of an increase in the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell 1002 has more time to end the handover procedure in comparison with the scenario from FIG. 2 since the mobile radio communication terminal can receive messages from the radio access network for longer, for example receive the acknowledgement message in 314 or updating of the active set in 315 in the message flow shown in FIG. 3 for longer.
- the mobile radio terminal can thus receive a handover command from the radio access network for longer and the handover procedure can thus be successfully ended with a higher probability.
- both the first mobile radio cell 801 , 1001 is extended into the second mobile radio cell 802 , 1002 and the second mobile radio cell 802 , 1002 is extended into the first mobile radio cell 801 , 1001 .
- the active signal radiating device 807 , 1007 which can be considered to be a microcell base station, can be implemented, for example, by means of a repeater and can be connected by means of a cable to the base station 806 , 1006 in one embodiment in which it is arranged close to the base station 806 , 1006 .
- the active signal radiating device 807 , 1007 can be arranged also in the coverage area of a mobile radio cell which is operated, for example, by the base station 806 , 1006 , for example placed in the coverage area of the mobile radio cell 802 , 1001 , the coverage area of which it extends, and connected by means of the base station 806 , 1006 via the air interface, that is to say by means of a radio communication link.
- the active signal radiating device 807 , 1007 is placed, for example, in the mobile radio cell 802 , 1001 , the coverage area of which it is intended to extend, it can transmit into the other direction, i.e. in the direction of the other cell 801 , 1002 in each case, from the point of view of the base station 806 , 1006 .
- the signal radiating device 807 , 808 can be implemented very cost-effectively by means of a repeater and only requires little computing capacity and no backhaul links, for example to the core network.
- the active signal radiating device 807 , 808 can be mounted, for example, on the same mast on which the antennas of the base station 806 , 1006 are mounted so that no additional space is required for the signal radiating device 806 , 1006 .
- the signal radiating device 807 , 1007 can be implemented simply by means of an additional low-power direction antenna which does not radiate in the main direction of radiation of the mobile radio cell 802 , 1001 which it is intended to extend but in the direction of the other, adjacent cell 801 , 1002 .
- the signal radiating device only conveys the downlink signal of the mobile radio cell 802 , 1001 which it extends. Uplink signals of both mobile radio cells 801 , 802 , 1001 , 1002 can be combined in the base station 806 , 1006 .
- a passive signal radiating device for example a reflector, is used instead of an active signal radiating device 807 , 1007 . This is illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13 .
- FIG. 12 shows a communication arrangement 1200 according to one embodiment.
- the communication arrangement 1200 has a base station 1206 which operates a first mobile radio cell 1201 , a second mobile radio cell 1202 and a third mobile radio cell 1203 .
- an active signal radiating device 1207 of the communication arrangement 1200 radiates signals which, belonging to the second mobile radio cell 1202 , are sent out by the base station 1206 into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 1202 and thus illustratively extends the second mobile radio cell 1202 into the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 1201 .
- the effect is thus analogous to the effect of the radiation of the active signal radiating device 807 , described with reference to FIG. 8 , and a variation of the quality of reception can be achieved for a mobile radio communication terminal which is moving from left to right on the first lane 1204 as is described with reference to FIG. 9 .
- the first mobile radio cell 1201 can also be extended into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 1202 in the case of a passive signal radiating device being used. This is described with reference to FIG. 13 in the text which follows.
- FIG. 13 shows a communication arrangement 1300 according to one embodiment.
- the communication arrangement 1300 includes a base station 1306 which operates a first mobile radio cell 1301 , a second mobile radio cell 1302 and a third mobile radio cell 1303 .
- the communication arrangement 1300 also includes a passive signal radiating device 1307 which radiates signals which are radiated by the base station 1306 belonging to the first mobile radio cell 1301 into the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 1301 , into an area 1308 which extends from the first mobile radio cell 1301 into the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 1308 .
- the effect of the passive signal radiating device 1307 is thus like the effect of the active signal radiating device 1007 which is described above with reference to FIG. 10 , and a variation of the quality of reception as is described with reference to FIG. 11 can occur for a mobile radio communication terminal which moves from left to right on the first lane 1304 .
- two passive signal radiating devices which extend both the first mobile radio cell 1201 , 1301 into the area of the second mobile radio cell 1202 , 1302 and extend the coverage area of the second mobile radio cell 1202 , 1302 into the coverage area of the first mobile radio cell 1201 , 1301 can be provided also in the case of a passive signal radiating device.
- the passive signal radiating device for example a reflector
- the passive signal radiating device can be selected to be relatively small and can focus the signals radiated by it onto a relatively small area so that interference for other mobile radio cells of the mobile radio communication system can be largely avoided.
- Dimension and curvature of the reflector can be selected depending on the desired illumination (i.e. depending on shape and/or size of the area 1208 , 1308 ) with the desired signal strength.
- a reflector with a size of 1 m*1 m can be used at 10 m distance from the base station 1206 , 1306 (e.g. from the mast of the base station 1206 , 1306 ) in order to illuminate, for example, an area which extends at 30-50 meters along the direction of the lane.
- a smaller reflector size can also be selected, for example 10 cm*10 cm.
- the reflector is designed in such a manner that it focuses the reflection onto the desired area 1208 , 1308 so that interference in the total network (e.g. in other mobile radio cells) is avoided.
- the passive signal radiating device 1207 , 1307 can, for example, be mounted directly on the mast of the base station 1206 , 1306 in the form of a reflector. This is illustrated in FIG. 14 .
- FIG. 14 shows a base station mast 1400 according to one embodiment.
- a base station antenna 1401 is mounted by means of which signals are conveyed into a mobile radio cell, for example into the first mobile radio cell 1201 , 1301 or the second mobile radio cell 1202 , 1302 .
- a reflector 1403 which reflects signals which are radiated by the base station antenna 1401 is mounted on the mast 1400 by means of an attachment 1402 .
- the reflector 1403 is mounted in such a manner that it radiates the signals which are sent out by the base station antenna 1401 , for example in the direction of one of the mobile radio cells 1202 , 1301 , into the other direction, that is to say, for example, into the coverage area of the adjacent mobile radio cell 1201 , 1302 so that the coverage area of the mobile radio cell 1202 , 1301 , for which the base station antenna 1401 radiates signals, is extended into the area of the adjacent mobile radio cell 1201 , 1302 as is described above with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 .
- the reflector 1403 can reflect a part of the signals radiated by the base station antenna 1401 , which can be considered as main antenna, which would be radiated beyond the horizon in any case and would thus remain unused.
- a possibility for a reflector would be, for example, a metal plate which could be used, for example, as advertising panel which is mounted in the vicinity of the base station 1206 , 1306 in the path of the radiation which is radiated by the base station antenna 1401 .
- the reflector can be shaped in such a manner that it reflects the radiation reflected by it into a small area 1208 , 1308 in such a manner that this area 1208 , 1308 has precisely the size which is required for sufficiently increasing the time budget for a handover procedure.
- Such reflectors can be produced inexpensively and considerably reduce the robustness with respect to communication breakdowns at cell transitions.
- a passive signal radiating device 1207 , 1307 also requires little maintenance so that the operating costs can be kept low.
- FIG. 15 shows a diagram of the quality of reception 1500 .
- the time increases from the left to the right along a time axis 1501 (x axis) in the diagram of the quality of reception 1500 , the time being specified in units of frames, 100 frames corresponding to one second and the time zero being represented fully on the right.
- the quality of reception increases from bottom to top along a reception quality axis 1502 (y axis).
- the quality of reception is specified as a ratio of the energy of the received pilot signal to the received total energy (Ec/Io) in dBm.
- a first graph 1503 shows the quality of reception of a first radio cell and a second graph 1504 shows the quality of reception of a second radio cell.
- the first radio cell and the second radio cell correspond, for example, to the first mobile radio cell 201 and to the second mobile radio cell 202 which are operated by the base station 200 shown in FIG. 2 .
- a time domain 1505 the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell drops and the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell increases so that, for example, the quality of reception of the second mobile radio cell is too low for performing a handover procedure at the beginning of the time domain 1505 (e.g. the second mobile radio cell cannot yet be detected by the mobile radio terminal) and at the end of the time domain 1505 the quality of reception of the first mobile radio cell is too low for performing a handover procedure.
- the time domain 1505 only includes 60 frames, that is to say 600 ms. This corresponds, for example, to the scenario that a mobile radio communication device is moving at 120 km/h past the base station which operates the first mobile radio cell and the second mobile radio cell. Since a handover procedure, for example, typically requires 750 ms, the time domain 1505 is too short and a handover procedure cannot be performed and a connection breakdown can be the consequence.
- the handover procedure from the beginning of the detection of the second mobile radio cell by the communication terminal to the reception of the handover command or the updating of the active set of the communication terminal, requires about 750 ms, the extension of the coverage area of one of the two mobile radio cells along the direction of movement of the communication terminal is sufficient.
- the quality of reception of the mobile radio cell left by the communication terminal is still good enough for receiving the handover command or, respectively, the updating of the active set of the communication terminal.
- this is achieved by the fact that the first mobile radio cell which is left can be received for a longer time and thus the handover command or the updating of the active set can be received for a longer time or that the second mobile radio cell into which the communication terminal is moving can be detected earlier.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/207,491 US9642018B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2011-08-11 | Communication arrangement with overlap area |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US37248610P | 2010-08-11 | 2010-08-11 | |
DE102010036948.9A DE102010036948B4 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2010-08-11 | communication system |
DE102010036948.9 | 2010-08-11 | ||
DE102010036948 | 2010-08-11 | ||
US13/207,491 US9642018B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2011-08-11 | Communication arrangement with overlap area |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120040660A1 US20120040660A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
US9642018B2 true US9642018B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
Family
ID=45528356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/207,491 Expired - Fee Related US9642018B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2011-08-11 | Communication arrangement with overlap area |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9642018B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010036948B4 (en) |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS639208A (en) | 1986-06-28 | 1988-01-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Subscriber radio system |
US6259918B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2001-07-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm (Publ) | Preservation of cell borders at hand-off within a smart antenna cellular system |
US20020045461A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-18 | David Bongfeldt | Adaptive coverage area control in an on-frequency repeater |
US20020072393A1 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-13 | Mcgowan Neil | Antenna systems with common overhead for CDMA base stations |
US20020086682A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2002-07-04 | Siamak Naghian | Method for positioning a mobile station |
US20050026655A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | Giaimo Edward C. | Directional enhancement/range extending devices |
US20080036674A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station |
US20080188226A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Tzu-Jane Tsai | Telecommunication system and operating method |
US20080227387A1 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2008-09-18 | Andersson Mats H | Los Mimo Beamforming |
US20080272856A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-11-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Arrangement Relating to Antenna Communication |
US20090013365A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-01-08 | Jorg Huschke | Transmission Of Composite Digital Broadcast Information |
US20100033390A1 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2010-02-11 | Alamouti Siavash M | Millimeter-wave communication system with directional antenna and one or more millimeter-wave reflectors |
US20100075683A1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2010-03-25 | Martin Johansson | Method and apparatus for generating coverage in a celular network |
US20100197223A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2010-08-05 | Panasonic Corporation | Relay station, mobile station, and relay transmission method in mobile communication system |
US7929905B1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2011-04-19 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Method and system for implementing a multi-service repeater |
-
2010
- 2010-08-11 DE DE102010036948.9A patent/DE102010036948B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-11 US US13/207,491 patent/US9642018B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS639208A (en) | 1986-06-28 | 1988-01-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Subscriber radio system |
US6259918B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2001-07-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm (Publ) | Preservation of cell borders at hand-off within a smart antenna cellular system |
DE69932458T2 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2007-02-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Preservation of cell boundaries as they pass in a cellular system with smart antennas |
US20020086682A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2002-07-04 | Siamak Naghian | Method for positioning a mobile station |
US20020045461A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-18 | David Bongfeldt | Adaptive coverage area control in an on-frequency repeater |
US20020072393A1 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-13 | Mcgowan Neil | Antenna systems with common overhead for CDMA base stations |
US20050026655A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | Giaimo Edward C. | Directional enhancement/range extending devices |
US20090013365A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-01-08 | Jorg Huschke | Transmission Of Composite Digital Broadcast Information |
US20080272856A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-11-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Arrangement Relating to Antenna Communication |
US20080227387A1 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2008-09-18 | Andersson Mats H | Los Mimo Beamforming |
US20100033390A1 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2010-02-11 | Alamouti Siavash M | Millimeter-wave communication system with directional antenna and one or more millimeter-wave reflectors |
DE102006037517A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-21 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station |
US20080036674A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station |
US7679576B2 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2010-03-16 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antenna arrangement, in particular for a mobile radio base station |
US20100075683A1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2010-03-25 | Martin Johansson | Method and apparatus for generating coverage in a celular network |
US20080188226A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Tzu-Jane Tsai | Telecommunication system and operating method |
US7929905B1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2011-04-19 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Method and system for implementing a multi-service repeater |
US20100197223A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2010-08-05 | Panasonic Corporation | Relay station, mobile station, and relay transmission method in mobile communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
English Language Abstract of JP 63009208 A, Jan. 14, 1988. |
Office Action received for the corresponding German patent application No. 102010036948.9, mailed Jul. 28, 2015, 7 pages. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010036948B4 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US20120040660A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
DE102010036948A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11166212B2 (en) | Elevation based mode switch for 5G based aerial UE | |
US6792276B1 (en) | Hot spot with tailored range for extra frequency to minimize interference | |
EP1992187B1 (en) | Wireless communication handoffs within a macrocell | |
US20170311324A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for transmitting signal in beam forming-based communication system | |
US20220256473A1 (en) | Power exposure reporting for wireless networks | |
US8818391B2 (en) | Communication system with femtocells and an interference control method therefor | |
EP2528371A1 (en) | Cell partitioning for high-speed users | |
CN106031235A (en) | Apparatus, device, and processing method for realizing high-frequency communication based on blind area | |
CN102027773A (en) | Pilot signal set management in a multi-carrier communication system | |
US6301478B1 (en) | Intra cell handover and channel allocation to reduce interference | |
EP2632060A1 (en) | Cellular system on-board of a vehicle | |
CN101341771A (en) | Communications handoff using an adaptive antenna | |
US7953411B1 (en) | Virtual soft hand over in OFDM and OFDMA wireless communication network | |
US20240031077A1 (en) | Methods, devices and systems for harq feedback disabling | |
CN102264084B (en) | A kind of multiple base stations united method and device carrying out coverage optimization | |
CN100373959C (en) | Delivery of broadcast information to mobile station in radio communication system | |
CN102104926A (en) | Switching trigger method and device | |
US20060281493A1 (en) | Wireless communications system | |
CN106792564A (en) | The transmission method and device of a kind of system broadcast message | |
US20240089744A1 (en) | Communication control method, wireless terminal, base station, and ris device | |
US20140357277A1 (en) | Method and node for increasing radio capacity in isolated area | |
EP4154578A1 (en) | Exchange of maximum permissible exposure related information during handover | |
US9642018B2 (en) | Communication arrangement with overlap area | |
US20050096052A1 (en) | System and method for providing reliable hard handoffs between wireless networks | |
KR101892927B1 (en) | A method for controlling operation of a compact base station and the small base station |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY GMBH, GERMA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CLEVORN, THORSTEN;DREWES, CHRISTIAN;KREUCHAUF, JUERGEN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20110808 TO 20110810;REEL/FRAME:026732/0450 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY GMBH;REEL/FRAME:030291/0221 Effective date: 20130131 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTEL DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:037057/0061 Effective date: 20150507 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20210502 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTEL DEUTSCHLAND GMBH;REEL/FRAME:061356/0001 Effective date: 20220708 |