US9401A - John a - Google Patents

Description

JOHN A. VAN RIPER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARPET-LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 9,401, dated November 1G, 1852.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. VAN HIPER, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power-Looms for lVeaving Two or Three Ply Carpets and other Fabrics, of which t-he following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, and in which-d Plate A. Figure l, is an elevation of that side of the loom which is at the left hand when the spectator is at the end at which the breast beam is situate and looking toward the lathe. This end of the loom I shall call the front and this the side I shall call the left throughout the specification. Fig. 2 is an elevation of th-e side, right side`l of the loom. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section at this a as of Fig. 5. Fig. 4L is a longitudinal section at the line it :li of Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a top view of that portion of the loom which lies below the trapboards. Fig. 6 is a top view of the trapboards. Plate B. Fig. l, is an elevation of the front end of the loom; Fig. 2, an elevation of the rear end of the same. Fig. 3 is a section of the front end of the loom shown in elevation7 shown on an enlarged scale, showing more especially the picker and stop motions. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a portion of the lathe, showing the thread protector and stop mechanism. Fig'. 5 is a top view of one end of the lathe shuttle boxes on an enlarged scale, and Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the four several changes made in the relative positions of the shuttles carrying the several colors of weft or filling.

My invention and improvements consist in the arrangement of .mechanism by means of which a single cam and side bar with suitable pawls is made to actuate a positive let off of yarn, a positive take up of the woven cloth, and a variable conditional winding up of the woven cloth upon the cloth beam.

Hy invention further consists in a method of working the trapboards which is at once simple and certain and which is carried into effect by cheap and durable mechanism, and lastly my invention consists in the manner of constructing and arranging and operating the temples.

The several improvements which I have made in the loom are not necessarily used in connection, but may be separately applied 1n many cases with great advantage to other looms now in use for weaving various fabrics. As to the operation of weaving two or three ply carpets or other goods on this loom 1s, in its general features, the same as that on others. A description in detail is only deemed necessary of such parts as are new.

The frame on which the several parts of the mechanism are mounted is composed of two partsa strong base frame (A) to support the heavier portions of the mechanism and a gallows frame (B) mounted upon the base frame to support the jacquard mechanism and its appendages.

This loom like others has a warp beam or roller The warp beam is fitted with a metallic face or brake (B f) constantly acting to keep the warp stretched at the proper tension. and with a supplementary brake (B f) which acts upon the face drum (B at the time the lay is beat-ing up to prevent the pull on the warps produced by the beating up of the weft or filling from unwinding or delivering yarn from the yarn beam. The delivery of yarn as required for weaving of the cloth is eected by passing it over and under two rollers (D and E) geared together and mounted on a bracket at the rear end of the loom, the lowermost of the rollers carrying a spur wheel (A t) at one end, into which a pinion takes which is fixed to the axis of a ratchet wheel (A s) and is turned with the latter a given distance between each beat of the lay by a pawl (g) attached to a sliding rod (g) which is moved back and forth by the crank pin (e) on the inner side of the disk (f) on the crank shaft- (I), which pin strikes the two arms (e z) on the rod (g) alternately every time the lay beats. The yarn in passing around the rollers (D and E) adheres to their surfaces by friction with suflicient force to turn the yarn beam whenever the rollers are turned, so that as the rollers are turned an equal distance between each beat of the lay, it follows lthat a given measured length of warp will be delivered for every thread of weft that is interwoven. The course of the warp from the yarn beam to the cloth making point and of the cloth thence to the cloth beam is shown by red lines in Figs. 3 and et. rThe cloth passes over the breast beam (U) and under and over a pair of take up rollers (F F) situate below the breast beam, and from these rollers it passes to the cloth beam (G), where it is wound up as fast as it passes from the rollers by the tension due to a weighted lever (G3), a pawl which takes into a ratchet wheel (G2) on whose axis a pinion which takes into a wheel (G) on one end of the cloth beam (G). The lever (G3) is turned to raise the weight on one end of its arms to a given height every time the rod (g) which carries the pawl to actuate the let-off is moved back and forth, and the weight descends each time it is lifted far enough to wind up `Jthe slack cloth given out by the take up rolls (F F). The alternating rod (g) which at its rear end carries the pawl for actuating the let-ofiI rolls extends to the forward end of the loom and there carries a pawl (g2) near its front extremity to actuate the,takeup rolls (F F). This front pawl takes into a ratchet wheel (A u), which carries on its axis a pinion that takes into a spur wheel (F3) on the end of the lower take up roll (F), the two rolls being geared together by spur wheels of equal size secured on their adjacent ends, which insures the simultaneous turning of bo-th. As the rod (g) which carries the pawls to actuate the ratchet wheels of the let-off and take-up is moved a measured and equal distance at each beat of the lay it will give such regular and equable movement to the let-olf and take-up rollers, respectively, as will insure the taking up of an equal measurementof warp at each beat of the lay. The warp yarns are divided to open a shed for the passage of the shuttle in the usual manner by means of journals which move up and down in guides (n) (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4L, Plate A) and by weights hung to the harness cords, as usual, but which, as well as the jo-urnals, are omitted in the drawings, as the construction and arrangement are well understood.

The selection and disposition of the warp yarns so as to bring portions of the different plies above or below, as may be required to form the figures, is effected by means of a jacquard apparatus and trap-boards constructed and arranged in the usual manner. The trap-boards (a) are raised and lowered in their proper relative order by means of stems (d) projecting downward and guided by brackets through which they pass. The

lower extremities of these stems are notched to prevent them from slipping off a toe on the shifting rod (b) by which they are successively raised. These lifting rods (b) have two separate motions, one up and down in the guides to raise and lower the toes (b) and the other a turning motion to bring the toes in range with the particular stems of the trap-boards it is desired to raise. The first or longitudinal motion of the lifting rods is produced by an oscillating movement of the arms (c) of a rock shaft (c), on the extremities of which arms said rods rest. T he oscillating movement of the rock-shaft, whose arms (c) carries the lifting rods (ZJ), is produced by a crank cam (A g) on the end of the crank shaft (I) which acts against an arm (el) that projects up from the rock shaft (0'), Figs. 2 and 5, Plate A g. The upright arm (d) is pressed against the cam by the weight of the lifting;

rods and their appendages, resting on the horizontal arms (o) and the periphery of the cam is grooved to prevent the arm from slipping oli' it. The shape of the cam is such that it gives to the arm (CZ) and rock shaft (c) intervals of rest and motion, first turning the upright arm (d) backward by pressing against it with one end as it is about to do in the position seen in Fig. 1, Plate A, and then when the arm has reached its most backward position the cam will merely rub against it with the outer periphery of its groove, which being concentric with the axis of the crank shaft (I), around which it turns, will not move the arm. rlhis interval of rest for the arm (d) is about one quarter of a revolution of the cam (A g). )When the arm (d) has moved to its extreme forward position, it rests for about ano-ther quarter of a revolution of the cam, the inside of the groove of the periphery of which is in contact with the arm (d), but being of a cycloidal form merely rolls against the arm without giving it motion until it has arrived at about the position seen in Fig. l, Plate A. From this it will be seen that the two ends of the cam, which is oblong, regulates or determines the velocity and periods of motion of the arm (CZ), while its two sides determine the periods during which the arm (d) rests. As the periods of rest and motion of the arm (d) determine the periods of rest and motion of the lifting rods (b) and the latter those of the trap-boards (a)l these will be lifted, stand in their highest position, descend and stand in their lowest position, just as the upright arm (d), upon which the cam (A g) acts, is moved back and forth and remains at rest. rlhe turning movement of the lifting to bring the toes (b) into range with the stems (a) of the trap-boards (a) in succession, is effected by a cam (P) on the crank shaft (I) between the disk (f), which carries the cam (A g) to actuate the mechanism for lifting the trap-boards and the bearing of said shaft on the side of the frame of the loom. On the periphery of this cam a groove is formed, which winds around it as many times as there are trap-board stems (a) to be lifted, as each groove when in action holds the toe (ZJ) of the lifting-rod (b) in range with the stem to which it corresponds. Each of these grooves is parallel to a plane passing at right angles through the axis of the crank shaft (I) except at the point where it leads into one of the other grooves or one of them leads into it. This cam has an oblong sliding piece fitted into its groove, which, if moved along, would traverse the whole extent of the three grooves in endless succession, which would give it intervals of longitudinal movement on the shaft when passing from one groove to another. This sliding piece has a pivot projecting from its upper side, which is attached to a lever (P) forked at the forward extremity and pivoted at its hinder extremity to a bracket projecting from the top rail of the base frame (A), so as to leave it free to turn horizontally above the cam (P) just described. This lever is at the proper height to hold the sliding piece or traverser in the grooves of the cam, and as the cam revolves the traverser with the lever (P) to which it is pivoted will stand still, except when the traverser is passing from one .groove to another, when it will move forward, or from the adjustable end of the shaft, imparting to the lever (P) a corresponding movement to the right or left. These movements of the lever will be first to the left when the traverser moves in the left groove of the cam. Then after a period of rest the traverser will move to the right into the middle groove, giving the lever a movement to the right. After another interval of rest the traverser will pass into the right groove of the cam, carrying with it t-he lever. After a further interval of rest the traverser will pass back again across the middle to the left groove, carrying the lever back to the left at a single movement as far as it had been brought to the right by the two previous movements.

The forked forward extremity of the lever P) embraces a stem or wrist pin depending from a projecting (b2) which is secured to the lifting rod (h) at one side of the loom. By this arrangement whenever the forked lever (ly) to which the traverser is pivoted turns to the right or left it will communicate a corresponding movement to the lifting rod, which will have the. effect of changing its toe (b) from the range of one trap-board stem to another; and as these changes only take place once during each revolution of the crank shaft (I) and at that particular period of the revolution when the trap-boards are in their lowermost position and when the toe (ZJ) is disengaged from the stems (c) of the trap-boards it will be seen that the turning of the lifting rod to change the position of its toe (ZJ) is always preparatory to lifting the trap-boards and in the interval between closing one shed and opening another. This intermittent turning motion is ceminunicated from the lifting rod thus operated to the lifting rod (Z2) on the opposite side of the loom by means of an arm projecting on the front side of the firstmentioned rod and another projecting from the rear side of the last mentioned, the two arms being connected by a link rod pivoted to them at equal distances from the axis of their respective rods. This arrangement for lifting the trap-boards in succession is for the purpose of raising to the face of the web such portions of the several plies as may be selected by the jacquard to form figures on the cloth. Tf required for any purpose the order in which the trap-boards are raised can be varied by arranging the changes of the traverser from one groove to another of the cam in diiferent order.

The lay (J) is connected by link rods (lV usual manner, so that by the revolution of the cranks it may receive a reciprocating motion in the usual manner. The crankshaft has 'a large spur wheel and a smaller one mounted upon the end opposite to that which carries the disk (f) and the cams (A g and which work the trap-boards (ct). The larger of these wheels engages with a wheel on the shaft of the driving pulley (HQ) which derives motion from the prime mover and gives it out to work the loom. The smaller wheel on the end of the crank-shaft gears into one just twice as large on the cam shaft (V) mounted on the base frame (A) below and in advance of the cam shaft. This proportion between the wheels on the crank and cam-shafts gives to the latter one half the angular velocity while the former .has all the principal movements of the loom originate in or are controlled by these two shafts (l V). `When the lay beats up it strikes the weft forward against the end of the cloth with great force, which acting on the warp would turn the yarn beam and let off warp if the beam was not firmly held.

brake (B is connected by a spring (B Z) with a lever (c) while the cam (A g) that works the trap-boards turns forward, causing the brake to bear on the friction or face pulley (B f2) of the warp beam when the lay is beating up and turns it back again to release the brake when the lay is not in its extreme forward position.

On weaving party-colored cloth of two or more plies it is necessary to work a series of shuttles carrying weft or lilling of various colors to suit the colors of the several warps, and in order to throw a weft thread of the proper color at the proper time a shuttle-box containing the shuttle with the particular weft it is desired to throw must be at that time brought into range with the race board. To effect this obj ectthe shuttles are mounted at each side of the lay in a carriage (A c) which slides up and down in guides in a frame projecting from either end of the lay. These shuttle carriages slide downward by To hold the beam firmly against they, pull on the warp when the lay beats up, a`

so with the cranks of the crank shaft in the their own gravity and each rests on the hori- Zontal arm (L) ofarock shaft (t),by which they are respectively raised. These rock shafts have each an upright arm (h2) which has a traverser or oblong sliding piece (h4) pivoted to the inner side of its upper extremity. This traverser fits into the intersecting grooves on the face of the disk cam (K), so that as t-he disk turns the traverser will run alternately into the inner and outer groove, moving the upper end of the arm (71,2) forward and back toward and from the axis of the disk alternately, and as the upn right arms (71.2) of the rock shafts are thus moved back and forth so their horizontal arms (L) will receive an alternating motion up and down, alternately raising the shuttle b'o-x carriage and permitting it to descend. The change of the traverser (7b4) ,from one groove of the disk cam (K) to the other gives the proper amount of motion to the arms (7L2 t) of the rockshaft to raise or lower the box carriage (A o) such a distance as will move one shuttle box out of range with the race and bring another into range with it. The disks (K) are set upon the shaft (V) in such relative po-sition that while one has the shuttle box carriage raised the other will have it-s shuttle box carriage depressed, as seen in Fig. l, Plate B. By this simple device thus arranged the several changes are made which appear in Fig. 6, Plate B, in the relative position of the three colors which a double shuttle box at, each side of the loom is capable of working.

The shuttles are thrown by means of a picker stick (Q) suspended by a radius bar (g) from the middle. The radius bar hangs on a pivot in the frame projecting from the ends of the lathe. The upper end of the picker stick works in an oblong space between the front bar of the frame to which the radius bar (g) hangs and the front of the shuttle boxes. The driver projects from one side of the picker staff into the shuttle boxes L. The lower end of the picker staff is guided by a slotted bracket (A w) and in order to diminish the friction between the inner end of the slot and the picker stad a friction roller (g3) is inserted in the frame, against which the stick is pulled by the cord (g4), which throws it. The lower extremities of the picker staffs (Q) are connected by a helical spring (g5) which by its tension constantly tends to draw them together and to separate their upper extremities and keeps the latter with the pickers constantly at the outer ends of the lathe frame except when they are throwing the shuttle. Thus there is no danger that they will obstruct the shifting of the shuttle boxes. The suspension of the pickerstalf on a radius bar (Q) allows it to move up and down freely in its guides, so as to carry the picker nearly in a straight line through the shuttle box instead of carrying it in the arc of a circle of which the picker staff is the radius, which would render higher'shuttle boxes necessary and would not throw the shuttle so true and steadily. The upper extremities of the picker staffs are struck inward at the proper intervals by wipers carried by the cam shaft (V) which depresses a treadle (fr) that in turn pulls a cord or strap (g4) passing over a pulley attached to the lower part of the picker staffs (g), but above the fulcrum or roller (g3) on which it turns. Thus when the cord is drawn in the picker in the picker is moved in the same direction to throw the shuttle.

To prevent any undue contraction of the web at the selvage by the beating up of the lay and the draft upon the filling by the shuttle, a pair of powerful jaw temples (A z') are mounted on either side of the loom. These temples are arranged to yield at the beat of the lay to allow the cloth to yield to the stretch of the yarns, and it will also yield in case the reed should accidentally strike it to prevent injuring the cloth. The jaws are tightly closed by a strong spring except when the take up rollers (F F) are acting at which time a wiper (1) on the out.

side of the cam (A g) raises an arm (B c) of a rock-shaft (A L) supported in brackets at the left side of the base frame (A). A second arm on the rock-shaft depresses an arm which projects backward from the outer end of the rock-shaft (R a.) on which the temples are mounted. The turning of this arm depresses one jaw of the temple and raises the other, and thus opens them, as they are pivoted on opposite sides of the center of the shaft (R a). The springs which hold the jaws backward and the bracket which guides their upper extremities are secured to the inner side of the breast-beam (U).

In case the weft thread should break or the shuttle should be arrested in its flight before reaching its place in the shuttle-box the driving belt would be shifted from the fast to the loose pulley to stop the loom and prevent damage by means of a gridiron thread protector and a guard lever in the shuttler box, the former actuating the unshipper before the lay is beaten up, in case the weft fails to cross the grid-iron, and the guard lever actuating the unshipper whenever the shuttle fails to enter its proper place in the box to turn the said guard lever back and prevent the stops on the lay from striking those on the breast beam to unship the belt.

It is quite obvious that without any departure from the principle upon which the several devices I have described are constructed and operated various modifications and arrangements may be made by any skilful constructor of looms, and such changes may frequently be necessary to adapt the loom to Weaving different kinds of goods, but all such changes are too obvious to require a particular description here.

Having thus described my improved loom for Weaving carpets and other fabrics by power what I claim therein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. Actuating a positive let off for the delivery of yarn, a positive take up of the Woven cloth and a variable Winding upon a beam of the cloth delivered from the take up rollers by the combination of the crankpin or cam (a) on the disk f, or the equivalent thereof With the alternating bar g and its appendages substantially as herein set forth.

2. The method herein described of Working the trapboards With suitable intervals of rest and motion by means of the crank cam (A g) the rock-shaft (C) and its arms7 the lifting rods (b) the cam (P) and lever (P) and the other device acting in connection with these for raising and lowering and oscillating the lifting rods, the Whole operating substantially as herein described.

3. rIhe temples constructed arranged and operated substantially as herein described so that they Will be open during the time the take up rollersgare acting and closed at the time the lay beats up.

Given under my hand at the city of NeW York this twentieth day of February, 1849.

JOHN A. VAN RlPER.

Signed in the presence of us- DANIEL E. SIonLEs, W. VHITELOCK.

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