US935438A - Fluid-pressure turbine. - Google Patents

Description

G. WESTINGHOUSE.

FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED UNE 24, 1903 Patented Sepfi. 28, 1909.

W ml

WITNESSES:

"30 v the rotor. Themotive fluid discharged from UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

. sricnen fo allwhom it may concern:

v Be it 'known that I, GEORGE WESTING- WESTINGHOUSE, F PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA; ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTING- HOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

FLUID-PRESSULZRE TURBINE.

' HOUSE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Alle;

gheny-and State of Pennsylvania, have in-, vented a new and useful Improvement in Fluid-Pressure Turbines,,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid tur bines and has for an object the production of a turbine which is simple, compact, economical and eflicient, and of a relatively greatcapacity and low speed.

A further object is the production of a multl-stage turbine; in which the fluid. is so,

I delivered to its separate stages that the endlwise or longitudinal thrusts .on the turbine ,rotor are counterbalanced.

The turbine illustrated as embodying my invention is provided with a series of expansion nozzles which direct the flow of motive. fluid inwardly and which are forwardly inclined relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor. These expansion nozzles supply the motive fluid admitted to the turbine'and partially expand it in its passage through them. The expansion of the motive fluid induces a high velocity of flow which is preferably wholly abstracted by a single .row,of moving blades mounted onthe single'row of blades is received by an annular chamber formed in the rotor which is essentially a rest or pressure chamber, since thc motive fluid contained therein has -practically no inherent velocity. Axiallydisposed reaction nozzles cunmunicate with the rest chamber and are formed in the rotor element in symmetrical sets which are located on opposite sides of it. The reaction nozzles are adapted to expand the motive fluid from the pressure encountered in the rest chamber down to exhaust pressure-and to deliver it in opposite directions through two bi-la terally symmetrical sections of a low pressure or secondary stage which sections are located on opposite sides of the rest chamber. The reaction nozzles are rearwardly inclined relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor in order that'the reactive force of expanding motive fluid may be utilized in driving the turbine. The nozzles are symmetrically and oppositely disposed in order that the axial component of the reactive force of the expanding motive fluid Specification of Letters Patent. Applicati filed-Tune 24, 1803. Serial No.

Patented Sept. 28', 1909.

Yer one: set will be counterbalanced by the axial component .of the other set.

In the drawings accompanying this application and forming a part thereof: Figure lis a1vie'w partially in side elevation and partially in section of a turbine embodying the features of my invention, one of the bearing portions being broken away; and Fig. 2 is a partial sectional View on the line 3-3 of F ig. 1.

Referring to the drawings: The turbine comprises a rotor element 4 mounted on shaft 5 and a stationary casing 6, which incloses the rotor element. The rotor is composed of a plurality of parts which are clamped together by bolts or screws 7. The casing 6 comprises a cylindrical portion 8 and portions 9 which arc connected thereto by means of flanges 10. The shaft 5 on which the rotor element is rigidly secured extends through the casing 6 coaxially with the cylindrical. portion 8 and is provided with fluid packing glands 11 which are port 18 which communicates with a chamber 14 formed in -the casing and which preferably extends completely around it. A series of fluid supply nozzles 15 communicate with the chamber 1-1 and each nozzle is adapted to partiallyexpand the motive fluid passing through it, thereby converting a portion of the pressure and thermal energy of the fluid into kinetic energy iii the form of fluid VB- locity. The nozzles 15 direct the flow of fluid inwardly but are inclined forwardly with reference to the direction of rotation of the rotor element. The fluid discharged from the nozzles is received by a single row of blades 16, which 'are mounted on the rotor midway between its ends. The blades 16 are impulse blades-and are preferably adapted to wholly abstract the available kineticenergy of the motive fluid delivered to them.

The motive fluid issuing from the blades is received by. and brought to rest within an annular chamber 17 formed in the rotor and located midway between its ends. Axi- 1 ally-disposed reaction nozzles 18 communicate with th: chamber 17 and are arranged o deliver-mare fluid from the chamber toward each end of the turbine. The nozzles 18 expand themotive fluid passing through them down to exhaust pressure, thereby converting all of the available pressure and thermal energy of the fluid into kinetic energy in the form of fluid velocity. The nozzles of each row 18 are rearwardly disposed with reference to the direction of rotation of the rotor element and deliver the motive fluid to a row of stationary directing vanes. 19 mounted on the casing.

Thedirecting vanes redirect the flow of motive fluid and deliver it to rotating blades 21 mounted on the rotor. The blades 21 abstract a portion of the kinetic energy. of the fluid stream and deliver the stream to redirecting vanes 22 mounted on the casing,

which in turn deliver it to blades 23 mountnozzles is counterbalanced by an equal andopposit'e axial thrust of the other row.

Labyrinth packings, which consist of rooves 25 formed in the rotor element an interleaving strips 26 mounted on the casing, are mounted on eachside of the blades 16 of the rotor. The interleaving seals present a tortuous path to the motive fluid discharged from the nozzles 15 and, therefore, prevent leakage through the clearance the rotor and the casing. j

The capacity of the'turbine maybe increased by increasing the number of sta-.

tionary nozzles 15 and the number of reaction nozzles 18, and various other modifications may be made and stillfall within the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim'is:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination with a fixed casing provided with two rows of fixed vanes, of a rotating carrier provided with two rows of nozzles arranged to counteract each the endwise thrust of the other on the carrier and with vanes actuated with fluid from said fixed vanesspace between a 2. In an elastic fluid-turbine. he combination of a fixed casin rows of inwardly poi1 ting vanes connecte thereto and oppositely arranged, a rotating carrier having oppositely arranged rows of nozzles discharging endwise of the carrier against said varies and rows of vanes on said carrier and actuated by fluid from said fixed vanes.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fixed casing, inwardly pointing vanes connected thereto, a rotating carrier having nozzles arranged in a circle of a diameter equal to that of the circle of vanes and discharging against said vanes and other vanes moving with said nozzles and actuated by fluid from said fixed vanes, in combination.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine, a easingpa rotor element located within,saidcasing, means provided in said casing for expanding the motive fluid delivered to the turbine, members mounted on said rotor for abstract ing the velocity energy due to said expansion, at collecting chamber provided insaid rotor for receiving the motive fluid discharged from said members and instrumentalities communicating witl raid chamber for expanding the motive fluid contained therein and discharging it in opposite directions toward the ends of said turbine.

5. In'an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor located within said casing, means provided in said casing for expanding the mo tive fluid delivered to the turbine, members mounted on the rotor for abstracting the velocity energy due tosaid expansion, a collecting chamber provided in said rotor element for receiving "motive fluid from said members, instrumentalities located on each side of said chamber for partially expandingthe motive fluid contained therein and alternate rows of stationaryvanes and moving ex? pansion elements located on each s de of said chamber and IECGlVlIlgihB'IllOtlVQ fluid discharged from said instrumenta'l-ities.

6.. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a

rotor. element, means for-delivering motive fluid Ito. said turbine, 'a collecting chamber provided in said rotor'andalternate. rows of moving and stationary fluid deliveryelements located on each side 'of said-collecting chamber.

In testimony'whereof, I have hereuntomy name this 15th day of. June,

subscribed 1903.. v GEO. WESTINGHOUSE. I

Witnesses:. .i

"VVEsLnr G. CARR,

'BIRNEY HINES.

Images