US878261A - Steam-boiler. - Google Patents

Description

IN 2 PATENTED FEB. 4 1908. 61 I. WILLIAMS.

STEAM BOILER. APPLIOATIOF I'IL BD SEPT. 17, 1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED FEB. 4, 1908. I. WILLIAMS. STEA M BOILER. APPLIOATION FILED SEPT.17.1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR oooooaos A (tamzy' STEAM BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-17. 1906.

6 SHEETS-8HBET 3.

o e I? Q 3/ l 2 2 1 77X- [F26 F IL 4 I 6 I 0d WITNESSES No. 878 261. PATENTED FEB. 4 1908.

I. WILLIAMS.

STEAM BOILER.

APPLICATION I'ILI ID SEPT.17, 1906.

5 SHEETSSHEBT 4.

INVENTOR WITNESSES Allorney N0. 878,261. PATENTED FEB. 4, 1908.

I. WILLIAMS. STEAM BOILER. APPLIGATION FILED SEPT.17, 1906.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

M Q I 5 modification style two.

ISRAEL WILLIAMS, OF LIMA, OHIO.

STEAM-BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 4, 1908.

Application filed September 17, 1906. Serial No. 334.829.

boiler, and more particularly to an improved construction of boiler and feed water heater and. purifier, also automatic and gravity feedmg.

Objects of my invention are to provide improvements of this character in which the water fed to i the chamber where steam is :produced is very hot, practically boiler temerature, and from which impurities have been removed. Also to maintain an increased internal temperature and an increased steam pressure producing more effective steam; to prevent foaming and supply feed v. ater when feeding apparatus fails; to

revent explosions and make boiler absol utely fire-proof; to carry a reserve quantity of heated Water and dispose of foul or impure water, to increase the effective heating surface and produce more complete combustion and economize water and fuel; to increase the strength and prolong the natural life of the boiler.

A further object is to provide an improved construction wherein a low level of Water can be maintained in the chamber where steam is produced with absolute safety.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists, in' certain novel features of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts as will be more fully hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings; Figure l is aview in side elevation illustrating my improvements. Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a view in cross section on the line :v-a: of Fi 2. Fig. 4 is a view in cross section on theline y-y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a fire box end View. Fig. 6 is a front end view. Fig. 7 is a side view illustrating my improvements in connection with a battery of boilers. Fig. 8 is an endview of heater and purifier, or header as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a view in longitudinal section of Fig. 10 is a front end view in cross section of modification style two. Fig. 11 is a view in longitudinal section of modification style three. Fig. 12 is a front end viewin cross section of modification style three. Fig. 13 is a view in longitudinal section of modification style four. Fig. 14 is a front end view in cross section of modification style four. Fig. 15 is a diagram or view in horizontal section of modification style two. Fig. 16 is a diagram or view in horizontal section of modification style four.

1 represents steamboiler furnace having the combustion chamber 2, smoke box 3, and tubes or flues a connecting them. The usual smoke stack 5 is provided for the smoke box and a steam dome 6 is located in the usual place.

46 is front door in smoke box.

T he main )ortion of boiler 1 is of general horizontal cy indrical shape and a casing or shell. 7 is secured at its side edges to the sides of boiler 1, and is of general .inverted U- shape in cross section having closed ends, and the general appearance of the casing or shell is that of a continuation of the boiler giving to the latter a neat finished appearance of regular outline or contour.

The casing or shell 7 is divided by a longitudinal vertical partition 8 and a cross partition 9 into three chambers or compartments 1(), 11, and 12; the compartment 10 being directly over the smoke box and around the smoke stack, and the compartments 11 and 12 extending along the topof the boiler and separated by partition 8.

Cold-water is-supplied to compartment 10 I by a feed water pipe 13 and the water above the smoke box and around the smoke stack is rapidly heated to a hightemperature by the otherwise waste products of combustion. From compartment 10 the water flows through openings 18 in partition 9 into com partment 11 and after passing along the length thereof, and heated by contact with shell of lower chamber and steam supplied from lower chamber, flows throughopenings 15 in partition 8 into com artrnent 12 where it passes the length of sai compartment 12, same as in compartment 11 and is fed into the lower or steam producing chamber.

It will also be observed thatthe steam.

dome 6 and all of the upper portion of lower chamber where steam is contained is, sur rounded by compartments 11 and Hand the hot water and steam in said compartments serves to prevent condensation of; steam 'l'ii leaner-chamber as would be the case were ,tliis part of the-boiler subjectedto the cooler atmosphere.

Blow ofi' pipes 16 communicate with the lower portion of compartments 10, 1 1 and 12 and allhave valves therein which may be connected up with the engine cab and operated simultaneously to blow ofi impurities from the bottom of the compartments.

The gravity feed consists of a-Qsteam pipe- 17 connecting the upper portion ofthe lower chamber with the upper portion of the upper chamber and openings 18 are provided in partitions 8 and 9. to equalize the steam.

pressure throughout the compartments of the upper chamber'with one another; water pipe 19 connects com artment 12 below the regulated in lower chamber by opening and closing valve 21 in pipe 19; also valve 20 in pipe '17 may be opened and closed simultaneously.

The feed water in upper chamber should when using the gravity feed always be maintained above the to of water pipe 19 or with this gravity fee the water in the lower chamber may be regulated, by always leave ing valves 20 and 21 in pipes 17 and 19 open and depending upon the supply in upper chamber and overflow therein of pipe 19 for supply to lower chamber. 47 are lines showing the normal water levels in both the upper and lower chambers. p

The automatic feed consists of a steam pipe 23 which communicates with upper part of the upper chamber andprojects downward into the lower chamber facing downward upon the highest point of the crown sheet or to the lowest normal water level that can be safely carried. A water pipe "24 connects the upper chamber below the normal water level, but well up above all-settled impurities, with the lower chamber below the normal water level or below the lowest level with pipe 23. In using the automatic feed the pipes 28 and 24 should always remain open and the feed water is entirely automatically governed as will now be explained. So long as the water in the upper chamber is above the level of the top of pipe 24 and pipes 23 and 24 are open, the steam pressure-being errual inboth upper and lower chambers the water will necessarily flowv downward from the upper to the lower chamber, but when the steam pressure in the upper chamber is pipes 17 and 19 are open,'

well understood, flow from the lower to upper chamber through pipe 24. When the level of water in the lower chamber falls below the lower end of pipe 23, live steam will pass up said pipe and thus equalize the steam pressure in the upper and lower. chambers and permit-the water-to flow through pipe 24 from upper to lower chamber. When the water thus automatically fed into the lower chambers subrherges and closes the lower end of steam pipe 23 live steam will cease to ass through said steam pipe.23 from the ower to upper chamber and steam pressure in the upper chamber will become lessened or weakened so that water will again reverse inpipe 24 and flow upward until steam pipe 23 is again clear of the water. Practically with this automatic feed, water will be governed in 7 lower chamber by a balance or equilibrium of steam pressure and water between the upper and lower chambers. It may be well understood that water will be constantly flowing either upward or downward at short and regular intervals through pipe 24. By this automatic feed, a lower level of water can be maintained in the boiler or lower chamber with perfect safety and the engineer is relieved of responsibility of watcl 1 operated with but three pipes; one automatic steam pipe one gravity steam pipe and one water feeding pipe, answering or operating with either mode of feeding.

The incline crown sheet 22 of the con1bus tion chamber 2 is made with a considerable slant or incline, which is especially valuable in traveling up and down grades and for the protection of crown sheets in all fire box boilers, and with this incline or slanting crown sheet the thickest or heaviest volume of water within the steam producing chamher is made to lie over the crown sheet and within that part of the boiler most intensely heated. u

By constructing my improvements as above explained, a large quantity of highly heated water is maintained at all times ready for supply to the afore mentioned lower or steam producing chamber. This has two distinct advantages. One being that the water remains in the upper chamber long enough to attain almost boiler temperature and does not chill the water and steam in the lower chamber when admitted thereto. And second as is well known to remove all impurities from the water before .being admitted to the lower chamber where steam is producing and where water comes in contact with parts of the boiler and plates di- 5 less than in'the lower, water will for reasons L reetly exposedto the fire. It not only re,-

quires that water be highly heated to remove or deposit impurities, but that it remain for some length of time so heated and still. Vith the great volume carried in the upper chamber, water will necessarily remain for a very great length of time in this said upper chamber and be highlyheated all that length of time, which gives ample time with a heat equal nearly to boiler temperature for settling all sediments and depositing all solid matter. I

To better remove impurities and solid matter 1 may place various-well known materials in the several compartinents of the upper chamber and each compartment may be filled with a differentmaterial,onecompartment may contain lime rates, another may contain hay or some ti rous material and another compartment may contain charcoal, coke or any filtering material, and I do not restrict myself to any particular materials employed for this purpose.

here my improvements are used in connection with a battery of boilers a cylindrical heating and urifying chamber 25 is supported above al the boilers, and divided by a longitudinal partition 26 into two compartments 27 and 28 having blow otl' pipes 34.- The Water enters one end of compartment 27, passes along the same to the opposite end thereof and through openings 45 in partition 26, passes into compartment 28, and this compartment 2%; is connected up with the several boilers 29 by gravity teed pipes 30 and 32, also automatic feed pi es 31 and 33, theoperation being precisely ike the above described in connection with a single boiler. This heater and purilier or header may be used in connection with any style boilers or in connection with the boilers herein described.

In a battery of boilers, all the boilersshould be connected up with each other by steam pipes 35 to equalize the steam pressure'in all of the boilers. pipe 36 for same reasons to equalize the water level. The drawings and descriptions herein show firebox boilers, but the principles are as well applicable to tubular boilers, flue boilers, water tube boilers and in fact, all steam boilers of any description.

Now having a steam boiler of the character described constructed having two separate and independent chambers each containing water and steam, it is clear to see that this boiler can. be constructed in various towns or styles with great advantages. 1 will now explain some of the vari ms torms or styles in whichit can be constructed.

The boiler as afore described may be considered as style one. Figs. hand it) showing style two. This said style two has lines or tubes 37 placed perpendicularly in compartment ll) of the heating and purifying chamber, connecting the smoke box 3 with Also by water smoke stack 4",. This said smoke stack being 1 flared or very much extended at the bottom part and inclosing the upper ends 'o'l llues or 1 tubes 37 and compelling the heated gases of combustion, alter escaping from the lines or tubes 4 in the lower chamber to pass through I tlues or tubes 37 in compartment 10 and so I heating to a very high temperature the cold feed water as it first enters this compartment i 10 of the heating and purifying chamber, "from heated gases which might otherwise be lost.

In Figs. 9 and 10, water in the course it must travel within the boiler, may be traced from feed ipe '13 through com artment 10 and throng 1 opening 18 in partition 9, thence along full length of compartment 11 and then through 0' enin 15 in partition '8, and thence again through compartment 12 for its full length to feed pipes 19. and 24; then passing down either of these said pipes to the lower or steam producing chamber and thence the full length thereof to the point A over the crown sheet.

Style threeis shown in Fi s. 11 and 12 and has fiues or tubes 38 pla'ceil horizontally in the heating and purifying chamber and extending the greater part of the lengththereof. Said flues or tubes connect smoke box 3 with casing of the heating and purifying chamber and surrounding I the dome on all sides. Smoke stack 5 is connected with this smoke box 39, so now the aforesaid waste products of combustion must pass through these tubes or titles 38 and in so doing a very great amount of heat is taken up by this cooler Water Within the heating and purifying chamber. waste products of combustion, in passing around the dome and over the upper part of steam is, serves to preserve and keep a very highly heated condition of the live steam within; thence the smoke and remaining gases ass off at the smoke stack.

Sty 0 four is shown in Figs. 13 and 14. This style also has tlues or tubes 38 passing horizontally through the heating and purifying chamber connecting smoke box 3 with smoke box 39 within the shell or casing of the heating and purifying chamber and surrounding the dome. A partition 8 is placed through the heating and purifying chamber as in style 011\- and extending backward on to the dome, also forward through the smoke box 3 even with the door of said smoke box 3. Also a partition 4-0 is laced within smoke box 3 connecting with lower edge of partition 8 and outer wall or shell of said of lines or tubes in the lower chamber, thus dividing smoke box 3 into two compartments one compartment in closing front ends of fines or tubes in the lower chamber with the front a sm c ke box 39 located within the shell or' Also the remainder of the saidthe shell of the lower chamber where live smoke box at a point just above the top row' ends of flues in 11 per chamber on one side of partition 8. Th closes the front ends of fines in upper chamber onopposite side of partition 8 with lower open end' of the smoke stack. the conditions are that the waste products of combustion on first entering smoke box 3 must pass. through one-half ofthe fiues'or tubes in theheating and-purifying chamber or those on one side of partition 8 and thence enter smoke box 39 and thereafter pass around the dome on all sides, again enter the backward ends of remaining half of the fluesi or tubes in the heating and purifying chamber or those on opposite side of partition 8, and returningt ough the said fiuesor-tubes the heating and purifying chamber back to compartment of smoke box 3 which is connected with the-smoke stack and there; pass 03 through the said smoke stack. In this style four, the aforesaid waste products of combustion must pass twice through the heating and purifying chamber, also around the dome on all sides and in passing through the said tubes or flues twice the said gases of combustion are 1 traveling all this time through fiues in contact-with water flowing in the opposite direction, or it is seen that thecold water on first entering the heating arid purifying chamber through boiler supplypipe 13 which is located near the ends of the lines or tubeswhere they connect with com partment of smoke box '3 on vwhich the Smokestack isfixed, that the cold water now starting from this'point must flow through the heating and purifyin chamber the full length thereof to the bac wardend, thence passing through openings in partition 8 and again pass the fulllength of the heating and aforesai enter the fines in the heating and purifying chamber from'smoke box 3 and at this point 1 the fire box,

chamber to a point near where the waste products of combustion first purifying is, located the gravity and automatic feed pipes where water passes to the lower chain er of the boiler. In all this operation it'is plain that heat is traveling and water is flowing each in opposite directions with regard' to the other. And it is afurther; fact that in this boiler heat travels in all its entire course from the fire boxto the smoke stack through three lengths offiues, and water from the time it first enters the boiler until it reaches that art of the boiler surrounding ows for the same distance (three lengths of fiues) in contact all the time with the said fiues, and each, Water and heat are constantily flowing and traveling in opposite directions with each other in all their movements. It is also further seen that it is impossible for cool water to enter the chamber .where' steam is producing. It is clear that this style four is constructed on' correct Cprinciples with regard to travel of heat an e other compartment in- 'conducted'from a lower tem erature to a ead made of 'Now estos or any non'conductive substance all water 'must pass.

flow of water andthat it will utilize is also plainly seen that heat is utilized and higher temperature. A false as should be placed in the front ,end of the smoke box- 3 of this, boiler to prevent the loss of heat.

Styles one and two are adapted for purifying and heating feed water and styles three and four'ma'y be preferable where feed water is reasonably good and the greatest economy is desired in utilizingthe heated gases of combustion.

The accompanying drawings show the height of the heating and purifying chamber to. be equal to the radius or one half the di 'ameter of the lower chamber, but, in styles three and four ,the height of the'heating and purifying chamber should be greater or suf- 'ficient to admit of enough flus ortubes to give perfect draft. The upper or heating and purifying chamber may be made to cover the entire top of the boiler as shown in the drawings, or to cover only a part of the .top of the boiler, even down to the form and shape of a large'dome. 'Both the lower and upper chambers should. be fitted with a e cocks, glass gages, steam ga es, etc., as oils/rs are usually fitted. Hand holes for cleaning out cinders and ashes should be i placedin the sides of smoke box '39, and also at bottom of smoke box 3.

"Now it is shown to be afact that in this steam'boiler constructed with two separate and independent chambers, each to contain water and steam, various [arran emer ts',

forms or styles may be made and alhaving superior advantages over common styles of boilers for econonnzmg and vobtau'nng the;

most efiective results from heat, water and;-

steam. r I Fig. 15 is a diagram or view in horizontal and purifying cham-- section of the heatin her in style two and s ows the flow of water from the time, it first enters the said heating and purifying chamber until it passes either] through pipe 19 orpipe 24 to the lower" chamber. 41 a partition with openings 42 therein and said openings bein}gl below the normal water line, t

This partition 41 in addition with partitions 8 and 9, serve to" skim or hold back the scum,foam, and'impurities collecting on top of highly heated water, and'prevents the said scum, 'foam,.

located well rough which and impurities, from reaching the feed-pipes 19 and-2 4 and passing down to lower or steam producing chamber, thus preventing foaming in the boiler and its evil effects.

43 are irregular lines showing the flow of water inits section of heating and purifying chamber in style four showingthe travel of heat and I flow of water and how they travel and flow in opposite directions with each other; also how the heated gases must pass around the dome.

All plates in this boiler exposed to the heat of combustion and transmitting the said heat to pure water are kept clean and free from scale and incrustation, also the greatly increased heating surface, renders it practical to carry a greatly increased internal temperature. When the internal temperature is increased it likewise, inv a fixed ratio, increases the steam pressure. Also steam at a higher temperature and under a higher pressure becomes more expansive and effective and with a low level of water a greater steam space is allowed for live steam. I

A pop valve of large capacity may be placed in connection with the heating and purifying chamber, so that when the injector or boiler feeding devices fail to operate properly, by means of this said pop valve the steam pressure within the said heatin and purifyin chamber may be easily reduced and thus ai the feeding apparatus in performing its duty. And while this operation is going on all the valves in the gravity and automatic feeding and steam pipes should be kept closed.

In this boiler at least a double amount of heated water is always maintained, which serves for a reserve purpose and by use of the blow off pipe foul and impure water may be blown off and replaced by new water while the boiler is being used to its full capacity. Also the greatest amount of water being carried in the boiler adds traction weight onthe driving wheels of a locomotive.

The general construction of this boiler in connection with the casing or shell of the heating and purifying chamber very greatly increases its strength and durability to stand heavy strains and rough usages. And by means of fiues being placed within the heating and purifying chamber the effective heating surface is greatly increased.

The heated gases of combustion and smoke being compelled to pass through the tubes or flues within the heating and purifying chamber for a much greater distance before reaching the smoke stack make it impossible for sparks or fire to escape from the said smoke stack and absolutely safe against fire. And further the smoke and heated gases in traveling through the additional llues or tubes 'cause a more complete combustion of the said gases.

A steam boiler of the construction and character as herein described with return fiues passing through the cooler water within the heating and purifying chamber will more completely take up and utilize the heat or that with the automatic feed, water can never fall below the normal water level.

The general construction adds greatly to its strength, also protection of the plates from incrustation and scale preserves the strength of the material. A steam boiler having the requirements to protect all. plates exposed directly to the fire, from scale and incrustation and to protect the smoke box and smoke stack from intense heat by means of water will naturally be more durable and require much less repairs.

1n a steam boiler constructed as described it is practical to maintainan increased interna temperature and an increased steam pressure. Also a more highly expansive steam for reason that the lates are freefrom incrustation and scale an will take up heat more readily. That cold water. does not enter where steam is producing and-kept in storage. That pure water is morereadily converted to steam than foul water. Also for reason of a greater heating surface; a steam boiler of this description and' of a- .large ca acity may be 'more conveniently mounted over .and between the driving wheels of a locomotive.

A great many changes might be made in the general form and arrangement of the parts described without de arting from my invention and hence I won d have it understood that I.do not restrict myself to the precise details set forth but consider myself at liberty to make such changes and altera- 1. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, the combination with a boiler, of a feed water heating and purifying chamber above the same means dividing said chamber into a series of communicating compartments, and gravity and automatic feed pipes connecting said boiler with the chamber,

2. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a boiler of a feed water heating and purifying chamber above the same means dividing said chamber into a series of communicating compartments, a gravity feed water pi e connecting the chamber with the boiler an a steam pipe connecting the upper. portion of chamber with the upper portion of boiler and valves in said pipes.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination witha. boiler, of a feed water heating and purifying chamber above the same means dividing said chamber into a series of communicating compartments, an automatic feed water pipe connecting the chamber with the boiler, and an automatic steam pipe connecting the cham: her with the boiler, and normally closed by the water in the boiler, and when opened, compelling the passage offeed water to the boiler through said first mentioned automatic feed water pipe.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a boiler, of a casing or shell secured above the boiler, and the boiler constituting the bottom. of said I casing or shell, partitions dividing said casing or shell and com elling a circuitous passage therethrough of t ie feed water to highly heat and purify the same, and means for feeding the water from said casing or shell into the boiler.

5. In an apparatus of the character de-.

scribed, the combinationwith a steam boiler furnace and a feed water heater and urifier -above the same, of an inclined or s anting crown sheet on combustion chamber, an.

automatic feed water pipe connecting the heating 'and purifying chamber with the boiler, and an automatic steam pi e connectin the heating and purifying c amber with t e boiler and terminating at a point near the highest point of the crown sheet and normally submerged in the water.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination With a boiler of a feed water heating and purifying chamber on top thereof and receiving direct heat therefrom longitudinal and lateralpartitions dividing said chamber into at least three compartments, said partitions having 0 en ings therein to direct the water throng allcomp'artments before passage to the boiler.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a steam boiler furnace and heating and purifying chamber i and'means whereby the reserve heated water can be blown off when samebecome foul and impure, and again replace with new or fresh eraaei boiler to forma feed water heating chamber directly upon the upper wall of the boiler and receiving heat directly therefrom, a'steam' pipe connecting the. upper portion of the oi'ler with the upper portion of the feed water chamber, a water ipe connectin'gt'the lower portion of the boiler with the lower portion of the feed water chamber, valves in said pipes, a pipe projecting belo'w'the normal water level in the boiler and up into the,

steamcontaining portion of the feedwater chamber, and another pipe connecting the lower portion of the feed water chamber with the lower portion of the boiler.

10. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with .a' steam boiler of a casing cooperating'with the boilerto form a feed waterehamber above the boiler and spaced therefrom by the boiler sheet only, partitions inthe feed water chamber to 1 3 compel a circuitous assage of water therein, I a pipe connecting it e upper portion of the boller with the upper portion of the feed water chamber, a pipe connecting the lower portion of the boiler with the lower portion of the feed water chamber, valves in said pipes, .a pipe connecting the steam portion of,the feed water chamberand proj ecting below the normal level in the boiler, and another pipe connecting the feed water chamber'below its water level with the boiler below the water level in the latter.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

isnAEnviuLLIAi/ia WitnessesE WILLIAM M. DE Von, v I. S.' CANFIELD.

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