US864821A - Explosive-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

EXPLOSIVE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1905.

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I J/WEMWR: WITNESSE m 424. W

HA3 ff TIT/ENE) PATENTED SEPT. s, 1907.

HEINRIOH'ZOELLY, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.

ExPLosrvE-TUnnmE. l

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH ZOELLY,0f Zurich, a citizen of Switzerland, and whose postofiice address is No. 58 Ramistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Explosion-Turbines and in the Methods of Working or Operating the Same, of which the following is a specification.

In the working of explosion gas turbines hitherto used a suitable gas mixture is caused to expand in a closed chamber i. (2., at a constant volume and after the highest pressure is reached, is conveyed through the turbine. The expansion is continued until a pressure is attained corresponding'to that in the turbine casing, after which the chamber is. closed and recharged. This methodhas thedrawback that the pressure medium is supplied to the turbine, running at a constant speed. at very varying pressures,'so that towards the end of the expansion the energy of the fuel mixture is insufficiently utilized at the nozzles, owing to a toolsmall fall of pressure and at the wheels owing to the velocity of the gas being too small, thereby causing loss of efliciency. 1

The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks The gases, compressed to a certain pressure, and the air necessary for the combustion are fed into the explosion chamber just at the moment at which the gases expanding therein have attained equal pressure so that they are driven out of the chamber at constant pressure. In order to prevent prematureignitionthe air valve is allowed to open slightly earlier thanthe gas valve so that an isolating cushion is formed between the new and the old charge. After the chamber is nearly filled with fresh mixture 'the gas inlet valve is closed and the mixture is ignited without however the outlet tothe turbine being closed. This ignition owing to the, extremely short duration oithe explosion, talces place-almost as if a constant volume prevailed. After the maximum pressure is reached steam obtairied by the vaporization of water. by the heat given bff'by theturbine is introduced under a pressure equal to the explosion pressure whereby a lull pres sure period is obtained, as in steam engines with expansion before the cut off .oithe steam admission and the temperature of the fuel mixture is reduced to such an extent that the subsequent expansion in the nozzle produces temperatures which cause no harm to the blades. r After a portion of the whole mixture has escaped during the full pressure period, expansion'follows,

which however is only continued up to compressor pressure' aiter which, when the latter is reached,''', the inlets open again and fresh mixture at compressor pressure is introduced in order'to repeat the described operation. i t l The characteristic feature of the new mode of worl Specification of Letters Patent. 7 Application filed May 22,1905. sum No. 261,583.

Patented Sept. s, 1907.

ing is in the first place the explosionupon theadinis- .sion to the turbine being open,-owing to the rise of pressure and temperature the explosion signifies an increase in the thermal efliciency; the absenceoi' closing devices in front of the nozzle renders the process operative in practice, as such closing means would not be practicable in this particular case in view of the high temperatures and velocity of flow prevailing. A second feature is the interruption of the expansion at compressor pressure by admitting a charge of fresh mixture .thereby providing a very favorable proportion of maximum to minimum pressure in the explosion chamber.

While for instance with an exhaust turbine working at 20 atmospheres (300 lbs) and under ordinary working conditions, the proportion of the expansion ialls' from 20 to 1, this relation according to the new mode of work- I ing at say, for instance, 5 atmospheres lbs) only, varies between the limits of 20, and 20+5=4, atmospheres. The expansion nozzle therefore operates at pressures which are considerably less remote from a mean pressure for which the nozzle is built, than in the present process and consequentlythe mean efficiency in the nozzle as well as the efliciency in the wheel I are eonsiderably higher than usual. To this be added, thirdly, the introduction oi'steam' under, eit-v plosion pressure so that for a given period the mixture must pass out at full pressure. Thus the energy derived from the steam is more advantageously utilized than is possible in any of the knowngas turbine processes.

It is obvious that instead oirgases, liquid or solid -fu'elscan be used, suitably sion chamber.

In the accompanying drawing a turbine ior worl4:ing

'. 9.0' A isthe explosion chamber, B the expansion nozzle, A

under this new process is diagrammatically shown.

introduced into the exploand O the turbine wheel. Air, water and fuelfare I compressed by the pumps D, E, F respectively through i the conduits and air or collecting chambers 'n, m, k, and I conveyed to the explosion chamb From the pump E the water is first conducted th'rou by the'exhaust and is here vaporizedlbefore passing to the explosion chamber A.

The controlling'valves or me" beis d, e, allow oi the v introduction at suitable moments of the various media and are operated by a suitable device. The latter isindicated diagrammatically by worm wheels g,."'a, b,- the cam iand' the levers o, i risthe ignition device. g I ,Having-now described my ihvstion, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 'is i 1. Ins gas or fuel explosion: turb'lne the combln tlon wlth the explosion chamber andtheturblireyot an al, ays

open expansion nozzle; pumps tor compressing the air, steam and fuel; ndmlsslon valves for these mediate the t oil R, heated explosion chamber, and means for controlling the some whereby the air and fuel are supplied to said chamber the time when the pressure therein has dropped to be equal to the pressure oi the compressor pumps; an ignition device; and means for controlling the ignition substantially as and for the purpose specified 2. In a gas or fuel ennloslon turbine the combination with the explosion chamber of an expansion nozzle in e nstant communication with the i-lplosion chamber, turbine wheel. valves for admitting uir, steam and fuel to the d plosion chambelg steam generator heated by the exhaust of the turbine, pumps for compressing the air, steam and fuel and means for controlling the admission of the various media to the explosion chamber and for controlling the ignition, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In a gas or fuel explosion turbine the combination with the explosion chamber of an always open expansion nozzle, admission valves for the various media to the ex-- noses;

piosion chamber, pusnnn for compre sing the various media, an ignition device, and mean: udlptod to open the air admission valve slightly in at e oi the gas-admission valve, substantially as and fun the purpose specified.

4. In a gas or fuel explosion tor s the combination with the explosion chamber of the niwn ,s open expansion nozzle, admission valves for the various media to the explosion chamber, pumps for elm-pressing the various media, ignition device and moans inf-outed for igniting the explosive mixture immediately in min-once of the admission of the compressed steam to tho pio ion chamber, substantinlly as and for the purpose sps 2d.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto my hand in presence of two subscribing witne C l flilltil ZOELLY.

Witnesses CAnL Gnoss, Josnrn SIMON.

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