US838511A - Cartridge for air-guns. - Google Patents

Description

r'ATBNTBDpEG. 11,1906.; 7 A. T. sAUNnBRs. CARTRIDGE4 PoR AIR GUNs.-

AlP'PLIOATIOH FILED 33.8, 1904.

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i To all whom, it may concern:-

ADDISON r. sAL'xDEiis, or AKRON, onio.

Specification of Letters Patent.

CARTRIDGEVEQR Ain-GUNS.

'Paten-red nee.A 11,1906V Appiicaaon flied February 8,1904. semi No. 192.684..

Be it known that I, ADDIsox T. SAUNDERS,

i facitizen of the United States, residing at 'Akron, inthe county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented acertain new and useful Cartridge for AirGuns, of which the following is a specification.

M v invention relates to improvementsin ammunition for air-"guns, the object being to provide such convenient means for int-roducin 7 charges of shot and other projectiles int-o the barrels of air-gums and enabling the )roper discharge tliereo as are now atl'orded ior guns wherein explosives are employed by the forni of cartridge in common use.

To this end my invention consists of a cartridge of novel construction which diieren tiates it from the cartridges in use for iirearms. In t-he latter the rojecti-ng power lies in -thc powder containet in the closed end of the cartridge-shell behind the projectiles, t-lie expansion of the gas generated by the combustion of this explosive upon its ignition within t-he closed end of the shell'forcing the projectiles forward and out of the gunbarrel. It is obvious that t-liis forni of cartridge is not adapted for use in air-giuis, for the reason that in such guns the expulsive `force consists in com ressed air, the compression being accomplis ied by means forming a part ofthe mechanism of such guns and wit-hin the saine, instead of being conveyed into the run-barrel simultaneously with the project-iles to be expelled thereby, and because no means are provided whereby if the cxplosive were omitted from the cartridge and it were sought to expel the projectiles therefrom b v air-pressure compressed air could be brought to act upon the load from behind within the cartridgcbshell. My invention provides these means.

The manner in which it is preferably earricd out is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cartridge embodying my invention; Figs. '2, 3,4, 5, and I3, inodilications of the same, and Fig. 7 a view of the breech end of such a cartridve.

ever used.

A is the cylindrical portion of the shell; B, the breech; C C C" C", apertures in the wall of the shell; D, projectiles; E I' E, disks of wadding; F, packing.

An essential feature of my invention re# sides in providing means of admitting the,Y`

com ressed air into'th'e hinder part or breech of t ic cartridge-shell.' These means consist of one or more apertures or openings in the wall of the shell. The shape, number, size, arrangement, and exact location ofthe openings are unimportantso long as they rinit the free passage of air int-o the shell )ehind the load. Somewhat of the latitude contemplated in these respects within the purview of my invention is shown in the drawinvs.

lin Fi 1 is shown a cartridge with the cylindrica shell A, having a. breech B with a. flange b. In all respects this shell is identical with those in use for certain iirearms. excc t that it is provided with an aperture C in t ie breech to admit air. The load shown in this figure is similar to that in an ordinary shotcart-ridge, except that there is no explosive or fulininate included, the rear wads H E occupying the rca-r portion of the shell. and the shot D being retained in the shell b v these and the front wad E", between which latter and the pair E E it is held.

Fig. 2 has also a cylindrical shell A and a breech B. In this foi'in` there is no flange, however, and the means of admitting the air into the shellA consist of an annular arming@ ment of apertures C C" C" in its c vlindrical portion near the breech, that member being closed. The load in this figure is like that of Fig. 1, except that the rear wad E is shown as having such sha )e as to form within the rear end of the she l an annular space which permits the freeentrancc of air through the apertures and facilitates its action upon the wad.

Fig. 3 is identical in its shell portion with Fig. 2, except that it has a liange b similar to that in Fig. 1. Its load consists of a single projectile mounted in its forward end and embedded in a suitable substance F, described later, which seats it removably and which I tei'ni packing.

Fig. 4 shows a simple cylinder without breech or llange and open at both ends. The

l bullet D tits within the shell A, beingT seated Similar letters refer to similar parts whereiu the packing F.

Fig. 5 has a shell A. consisting of an o en cvlindci' alike at both ends, and a loat of shot D, retained in the shell b v the disks of wadding E E".

Fig. 6 shows u shell of tiie forni of Figs. 4

ICQ

IXO

- and 5, exec it that one end has an iiiturned flange G,.w itc-h insures the retention of the rear wad E during,r and after loading. This flange need be but slight, and the retention of breech may consist wholly or in part of wiregauze or any suitable perforated material.

Cartridges of the forniof Figs. 4 and 5 are reversible-that is, the)Y areadapted to be in serted iii the gun-barrel either end foremost, and to be so discharged.

The location of the, cartridge in the gun for proper firing will depend upon the construction'of the latter. 1n that tvpe of air-gun in which the true tiring-barrel occupies onli' a )art of the apparent length of arrel, the liinder part being occupied by the air-coinpressing mechanism, such as a spring, pistonrod, piston-head, &e.', this position would naturally be in the rear end of the firing-barrel immediately in front of the pointy atl which the piston-head iinishes its stroke, while in the type arranged for loading darts and other )rojeetiles into the. breech the cartridge is est placed or located just within the breech .of t-lie barrel within a suitable seat, as ordi- -iiary shot-cartridges aie loaded into the familiar forms of Shotguns used for cartridges coiitaininir explosives.

IVlien tte pei'foratioiis or apertures are in the cylindrical portion of the shell, asin Figs. 2 and 3, an annular air-space should be irovided in the gun-barrel at the point where these apertures are. when the cartridge is seated to allow a. free passage of air about this ort-ion. The' cartridge must be so seater and fitted to the barrel that when the compressed air is brought to bear upon its rear portion there will not be any considerable escape of air outside of the shell into the barrel.

The operation of the invention is simple. The cartridge having been loaded into the gun as described and being 1prevented by its flange or seat from slipping orwaid, and the opening in the breech of the barrel through which the loading is done haring been closed, the compressing and firing mechanism is opcrated, when the compressed air, pressing upon the rear wad, or in case of the forms shown with wads omitted, directly `ipoii the pluprojectile, through the aperture or plurality of apertures provided forthat purpose, asdef scribed above, starts the load forward and, rushing in as fast as space is gained, forces the load forward through the barrel and out of the muzzle of the gun. lt will be undertrance of air behind the charge the result,

the discharge, is pract ically the saine as w hen being seated in the packing I". previously i.ferred to, and which may consist of paraffin, a light compound of' wax, or of any suit,- able sheeted material. In using a wax conipound it should be so made as to break awa 'from the ball on discharge of the saine. ltr, may be made to do this by the adinixture of tallow or stearin and will also serve as a lubricant, lessening the friction of the ball with the shell and gun-barrel.' The wads may be seated in such a. compound or even be made n to consist, of the saine.

It. is ofkfourse possible to make this cartridge-shell other ian perfectly cylindricalas, for instance, polygonal-outside and even inside; but suc-h niodificationwould not alter the princi ile involved.

The shell for the herein-described cartridge may consist of any suitable material, such as the. paper and metals now in use for car tridges for s1iiall-arms, and may have a flange at tiie breech end as such cartridges have.

I disclaim any novelt}P in the above-mem tioiied materials for the shell, as I do also in the use of a flan e.

I disclaim al constructions wherein. the result is a closed breech unadapted to admit. of an inrush of air.

I also disclaim the disk or wads in common use in cartridges. Their function as I eniplovr them is to retain the shot in position and in the case of the rear one to serve as a plunger to be acted upon by the compressed fluid behind it..

'heiever in this specification or the accompanying claims I use the terni load or charge" it is to designate the projectiles, wads, &c., used as described in my air-eartridge, and in no case includes or conteniilales any fulmiiiate. or explosive, my design lieing toobviate the1iecessit for their use in so far as practicable.

ln referring in the claims to means of admitting air into the shell or behind the load I of course include as such means the open rear end of the shell in those forms where a simple cylinder forms the shell, and as these open lcvlinder-sixells are reversible it is obvious stood that with this provision for free ciiwhen that end isplaced rearward in the gun. when the air is sulliciently compressed before g that either end opening becomes these means For this reason I. have not designated these open ends with the letter indicating the aper- IOO IIL

I ployed in my air-cartridge as a contraction of an open breech and for the unique purpose ixo ' said shell bein adapted to admit air within interlocking or interiitting member o a. Vshellture for the admission of air, C, their function in the light of my description and the adjoined iqurcs being obvious. A

I disclaim the inturned flange or li as an with a closed breech, claiming it only as emsetforth.

I claim- 1. A cartridge shell open atboth contained within said described.

-2. A cartridge for air-guns comprisiner a suitable load and a containing-shell thereor,

for air-guns compris-ing a ends and a siutable load shell, substantially as it behind said oad and to permitof the discharge of said load from its forward end, subbody, substantially as described.

-cylindrical bod of suitable materia st antially as described.

3. A cartridge for air-guns comprising a cylindrical body @Pen at one end; havinl an aperture in the otier end adapted to a mit alr, and a suitable load contained within said 4. A cartridge for air-guns com rising a open at o ne end, havingga plurality of apertures at the other end adapted to admit air, and. a

Asuitable load contained Within said body, 3o

substantially as described. A 5. A shell for an air-gun cartrido'e comprising a cylindrical' body of suitable material open at Oneend, the other end having a breech-piece'adapted to admit air; substan- 35 t-ially as described.

ADDISON T. SAUNDERS.

Witnesses: G. H. SAUNDERS, A. L. SAUNDERs.4

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