US838133A - Single-push-button automatically-controlled electric-elevator system. - Google Patents

Description

. PATENTED DEC. 11, 1906.-

P. w. NEWELL. SINGLE PUSH BUTTON AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED ELEGTRIO ELEVATOR SYSTEM.

APPLICATION rILnn mm 19. 1905.

al roznug nnrrnn sr'rns r a'rnn'r rrro FREDERICK w. NEWELL,

or nasrmosroN-nUnsoN, NEW roan,"

ASSIGNOR TO OTlS ELEVATOR COMP NY, OFJERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Sl NGLE-PUSH-BUT'EON AUTGliATlCALLY-CilllTROLLED ELECTRlC-lil.E\/1 WGR SYSTEM.

To (all whom it may concern: Be it known that T, FREDERICK W. NEW EIZL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hastingsupon-Hudson, in the ceunty of VVestchester and State of New Yorlr,-have invented a new and useful Improvement in Sin le Push Button Automatically Con trol ed Electric-Elevator Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric elevators,

and more particularlythat class of elevators which are set in motion by the pushing of a button and whose subsequent operation is brought about by automatic means.

The object of my invention is the provision of means for automatically reducing the s eed ofan elevator-car and varying such rebe brought gradua level with any desired floor or landin ,-re-

' ardless of its direction of travel, speed, or

notion of speed in accordiance with the load as the car a preaches the point at which it is desired to is stopped, so that the car shall ly to a stop substantially oad.

Further objects will appear hereinafter,

- thenovel combinations being set forth in the claims.

.operatingibuttons at each landin the present time which employ the usual means for stopping at any deslred landing the tendencyis when the car is heavil loaded and oing from a lower level to a higher one, to fail short of the floor-landing on stopping; also, in going from a higer level to a lower one the ten ency is for the car to overrun the floor-landing. My invention operates to counteract this undesirable feature, and I accomplish this end by means which will be described in connection with the following description.

Referrin now to thedrawings, and designate t e source of electrical supply.

R and R designate the reversing-swltches, and since they are similarin construction a specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 19, 1905. l lo. 265,973.

description of one applies equally well to the other. v

The switch R comprises a solenoid 18, which is adapted when energized to raise the core for plunger 17, at the up er end ofwhich The ro 8 has mounted i is fastened a rods. I upon it a contact-disk ll, whiohis adapted to bridge orshort-circuit when in its lower position, as shown, the fixed contacts 16 and T5. The rod 8 also'carries upon it two in- Eatented. Dec; 11, race sulated pieces 13 and 7. The upper one, 7

carries upon it the contacts 5 and 6. Di-

rectly above are shown fixed contacts 2, 3,

and 4. These contacts are adapted to be engaged b the movable contactsSl and 6', re

spective y, when the latter are in their upper or ralse'd position. The insulated piece 13 carriesupon it the contacts 9 and 10, which engage t e fixed contacts 11 and 12, respec tively,when the rod 8 is in its lower osition. L V M represents diagrammatically t e hpist- 1 ing-motor.

22 and 23 designate the armature-brushes. 20 desi nates a magnet-coil, which when ener iz'ed 1s adapted to close the contacts 21,

.whic at all other times are out of engagement with each other.

19 desi nates a resistance which is for the purpose 0 absorbing energy from the motorarmature when the a rest. v 25 is the shunt-field of the motor, while 24 designates the extra field, having in series with it the resistance 26, this latter bein controlled by the load-magnet L, which comprises a'magnet-frame'abou't which is tter is being brought to wound the coil 29, and it is adapted to operate the contacts 27 and 28 consecutivelyin a well-known way to'cut out or short-circuit the resistance 26. v 7

S designates 'a magnet comprising the coils 30 and 31, either one of whichwhen energized causes the contacts 32 to become sepa rated. At all other times thesecontacts are in en ag'er'nent.

S esi-gnates the slow-s eed magnet, comprising two coils 33 an 34, either one of which when: energized operates to close the contacts 35' and at the same timeto open or separate the normally closed contacts 36.;

Ais the acceleratm -magnet, which operates to short-circuit t e motor-starting.re-

IOO

- sistance 37 and series field 88 ty means of the contacts 39, 40, and 41, these contacts being adapted to operate consecutively in a wellknown way. When the contacts 39 are closed, the contacts '12 are separated. in like manner the contacts 43 are separated when the contacts 11 are closed.

14. and 45 designate limit-switches, which are usually operated by the car or counterweight and are adapted to open their contacts 16 and 47-, respectively, whenever the elevator-car overruns its normal travel, and thereby interrupting any circuit to the magnet=solenoids of the reversing-switches R and R, the contacts controlled by these limitswitch'es being in series with the common return of the coils of 'the-r'eversing-switches R and R 48 designates a magnet which operates to separate the contacts 49 when sufiiciently energized. 50 and 51 designate the magnetcoils of a switch which operates when energized to close the contacts 52 and at the same time to open the contacts 53. Similarly 54 desi nates a magnet which operates to separate t -he contacts 55 when energized, while 56 and 57 are magnet-coils of a switch which operates when energized to close the contacts 58 and at the same time to open the contacts 59.;

F designates the *fioorcontroller, which operates to automatically slow down the hoisting-motor and stop the same at any desired floor or landing. It comprises the contactrings 72 and 73 and the contact-segments 7 1, 75, 7'6, 62, 61, and 60. These contact scgments and rings are rigidly fastened to some insulating-base and the whole rotatab'ly mounted upon the shaft 71, which latter may be geared or otherwise connected to the car or to some moving part of the hoisting ma-.

chinery. A number of stationary con-tactbrushes 67, 66, 65, 64:, 63, 69,68, and 70 are adapted to engage the several contact rings and segments as the latter are 'being'revolved by the hoisting machinery or car.

77, 78, 79, and 80 designate the floor-relays, and each comprises a ma et-coil which when energized operates 'to c ose the contacts 81, 82, 83, and 84, respectively.

85 is a resistance.

86 designates a magnet operating to close the contacts 87.

88 and 89 are magn'etwoils having one terminal in common and being wound in opposition, so that when both are energized at the same time the magnetic efiec't of one coil neutralizes that of the other. Either coil 88 or 89 when energized alone has suflicicnt strength to open the contacts 90, which are at all other times in their closed position.

9-1 is an additional resistance.

The elevator-car 92 carries four opemcircuit push-buttons 93, 94, 95, "and 96, each button being connected to a corresponding scares fioorsrelay.- 97, 98, 99, and 100 designate the landing-buttons. These are also what are known as open-circuit buttons and, like the car-buttons, are connected to the cor responding floor-relays.

101, 102, 103, and 104 designate the doorcontacts. These doorcontacts are connected in series with each other and together form a closed circuit when all of the landing-doors are closed. Upon opening any one of these doors a circuit through these contacts is at once broken.

105 designates the releasing-coil of the motor-brake, the brake being applied except at such times as the coil 105 is energized to release the same.

Having described the various parts of a control-system embodying my invention, I will now point out its operation.

A-wire 106 connects the main with the door-contacts 104, 103, 102, and 101. Assuming these doors to be closed, the circuit continues by wire 107 to a terminal of magnet-coil 88 through the coils 88 and 89 and contacts 90 and by way of wire 108 and contacts 43 to the wire 109, this latter being the common wire of the landing- buttons 100, 99, 98, and 97. Upon pushing the button 97 the circuit is closed by Wire 110, through the ma not-coil of floor-relay 80 to the floor-control er brush 66. Now the brush 66 normally engages the contact-segment of the floor-controller F, and so, also, does the brush 67. The circuit therefore continues by brushes 66 and 67 to the contacts 49 and 53 and by wires 111 and 112 to the contact 15 of the reversing-switch R. As before ointed out, the contacts 15 and 16 are bri god by the 'contact- 'ece 14 when the reversingswitch R is in its lower osition. The circuit from contact 15 is t ierefore continued to "the contact 16 and thence to one terminal of the solenoid 18 of the reversin -switch R. The other terminal of the solenoi' 18 is connected, through the limit switches 44 and 45, directly to the main.

It will be seen that upon pushing the button 97 a circuit was completed from the 1 1- to the main, including the magnet- coils 88 and 89, magnet 80, floor-controller F, and solenoid 18. Now since both coils 88 and 89 are energized, as before pointed out, they will not operate to open the contacts 90. 80 will be energized, however, "and o crate to close the contacts 84. This establis es a circuit'parallel'to the coil 89, contacts 90, and

button 97 1) way of the resistance 85. As

soon as the utton 97 is released the circuit throu h the coil 89 is broken at the button; but t e coil 88 remains energized and now operates to open the contacts 90, thus open c rcuitin the wire 109, which is common to all of the anding-b ut'tons97, 98, 99, and 100 thus preventing any interference to normal operation of the system should any of these buttons be operated while the contacts 90 are held separated by the magnet-coil 88. The solenoid. 18 is now fully energized and will raise the core 17, together'with the contacts 5, 6, 9, and- 10, also the contact-piece 14, the latter preventing any possible circuit through these contacts to solenoid 18 of. the reversing-switch R. The same also holds good when the reversing-switch R is in its upper or raised position, for in this case the separation of the contactiece 14 from the contacts 15 and ,16' woul prevent any circuit to the solenoid 18 of the reversing-switch R. It will therefore be seen that the circuit to one reversing-switch solenoid is closed through contacts controlled by the other reversing-switch, the result being to render it impossible for both reversing-switches to be raised at the same time.

The contact 5 engages the fixed contacts 2" and 3, and the contact 6 engages the fixedcontact 10' of the switch R, and since contact 10' engages 12 a circuit is" closed by wire 113 to the motor-armature brush 23, passing through the motor-armature to rush 22 and wire 114 to the contact 4. This ,latter contact. engages contact 6, which is connected to the contact 11 by the wire 115.

The contact 11 engages the contact 9,.

which is connected to the starting resistance 37 by wire, 118. a

The portion of the armature-circuit from brush 22 through wire 114, contacts 4 and 6, and wire 115 is of substantially zero resistance. Parallel to this portion of the armature-circuit are connected the coil 20 and resistance 19; The resistance of this ,parallel circuit is such that little or no current will flow theretlirough, and therefore the magnet 20 will'not have sufiicient strength to close the contacts 21. The circuit of the motorarmature is completed from wire 114, contacts 4 and 6', wire 115, contacts 11 and 9', wire 118, resistance 37 series-field 38 to the main. v

- The shunt-field 25 has one terminal connected to contact 5, which is adapted to be connected by'contact 2 to the main. The other terminal of the shunt-field is connected directly to the main. The brake-magnet 105 is connected on one side to the main by contacts 3, 5, and 2 and on its other side directly to the main. Therefore both the shunt-field and brake-magnet receive current at the full-line'potential.

When the reversing-switch opcratesin the manner stated, the brake is released and the motor starts, current to the motor-armature being limited by the starting resistance 37.

The acceleratingmagnet A is in shunt to a circuit comprising the motor-armature and a small portion of the resistance 37 from con' tact 3 to the oint 122. The contacts 36 of magnet-switc S include the circuit to the accelerating-magnet A, and since they are at the present time in contact the coil of magnet A will receive current depending upon the counter electromotive force and speed of the motor-armature. As the motor accelerates the current in the coil of accelerating-magnet A will rise, While the latter is sufficiently energized to operate the contacts 39, 40, and 41 successively to cut out or short-circuit the starting resistance 37 and series field 39 in a well-known Way and at the same time open the contacts 42 and 43, which are in series with the circuit, including the common wire of the car and floor buttons, respectively.

The hoistin motor is nowrunning at full s eed as a s 1unt-motor.. At the same time t' e floor-controller F has been revolving about the shaft 71 in a clockwise or righthanded direction.

. As the elevator-car nears the desired landing (in this case the fourth floor, since the button 97, correspondin to that floor, was

pushed) the floor-controller contact-brush 66' runs off the segment and onto the small segment 61, the brush 66 being wide enough- 'to bridge the gap. between the segments 60 and 61. The circuit to brush 67 is by the; segment 60 and is broken when the contactbrush 66 passes onto the segment 61. Segment 61 is connected by wire to the ring 72, which is in contact with the brush 70. The

circuit tothe reversing-switch solenoid 18 is I now completed through the wire 116, coil 30 of switch S, through coil 50 ,coil 48, wire'117, coil 34 of switch S, and by wires 111 and 112 to the solenoid 18. The circuit from the floor-controller to the solenoid 18 now ineludes the (foils 30, 50, 48, and 34, each of 4 which will become energized. 1 The coil 30 operates to open the contacts 32, preventing a circuit to the magnet L,'and-the magnetcoil 50 operates to close the contacts 52 and open the contacts 53, the latter forming a short circuit tothe magnet-coil 34 of switch S'When in a closed position. The'magnet-- The encoil 34 of switch S will then be sufiiciently energized to cause the same to .close the contacts 35 and open the contacts 36. ergizing of coil 48 causes it to open the contacts 49. Now the contacts 36 include a A The extra-field circuit may be traced from the main to contact 5, which is connected directly to the brush 23 by contacts 10 and 12' and wire 113. From contact 5 the circuit continues throu h field 24, resistance 26, contacts 35, to and through the resistance 37, field 38, to themain. The contacts 35 are also connected by wire 118 and contacts 11 and 9, wire 115, contacts 6 and 4, and by wire 11% to the brush 22. The motor will now run at a reduced speed, owing to the reduced current in the armature and increase in field strength. Shortly before the car reaches the desired landing the brush 66 runs onto the segment- 62 which is connected by wire to segment 60. The circuit to the revers switch solenoid 18 is now completed throug the hrush 67, contacts 52, coil 51, coil 48, wire 117, coil 34 of switch S, and by wires 111 and 112 to the coil 18. It will be seen that the circuit which previoysly supplied the coil 30 of switch S is now broken at the floor-controller segment 61 as soon as the latter has passed out of engagement with the contact-brush 66. The circuit to switch S havin been broken, the contacts 32 are broug t into electrical contact and establish a circuit to the loadmagnct L, this magnet being connected in parallel to a circuit comthe extra field 24 and resistance 26. t is t erefore also connected across the motor-armature. .The load-magnet L will now be'energized to operate more or less of its contacts, according to the load on the motor and the consequent speed of the motor-ar mature. This would result in proportionin the strength of the extra field to the spec and load of the car, since the energization of the magpet is dependent upon the potential across t e motor-armature, and owin to the fact that the starting resistance an series field are in circuit with the motor-armature if the latter is generating back into the line, due to the action of the loaded car, the voltage across the armature may assume a value somewhat hi her than the line-potential. This voltage is the same as that across the terminals of the load-magnet. Gonscquently the latter would close all of its contacts, thus short-circuiting the resistances 26 and causing an extra powerful magnetic field, which would produce a strong dynamic braking effect upon the armature and causi the latter to immediately adjust its spec of rotation in proportion to the strength of field and load upon the car. 7

The next 0 eration of the floor-controller takes place w en the brush 66 runs off the segment 62, the car in the meanwhile having reached a position almost opposite the desired landing. This will result in openin the circuit feeding the various magnets, an they will become denergized and drop their contacts. The reversing-switch R will return-to its lower position and by so doing will open the circuit to the motor and also the brake 105, causing the latter to he applied.

scares At the same time the stop resistance 19, hav. ing in series with it the magnet-coil 20, will be thrown across the motor-armature, connection being made from brush 23, wire 113, contacts 12 10 to contacts 10 and 12, through 19 and 20, to the brush 22. Current will at once flow through resistance 19 and coil 20, the said current being generated by the motor, and will energize coil 20 sulliciently to cause it to close the contacts 21. This will result in local circuiting the extra field 24 and form a retaining-circuit for the switch 130, one terminal 22 of the motor-armature M being connected through the coil 20 and contacts 21 to the field-coil 24 and by contacts 10 and 12 and by wire 113 to brush 23. Thus resistance 19 and coil 20 are connected in parallel and the system constitutes an effective electro dynamic brake.

In order to show the operation from the car,92, let it be assumed that the various parts are in the positions shown on the drawlngs and the car-button 93 is operated. A circuit will then be established from the main to and through wire 106, door-contacts 104, 103, 102, and 101, wire 107, coil 88, coil 86, contacts 42, wire 120, which is common 'to all of the car-buttons, and b the button 93 to the floor-relay coil and om there to the floor-controller brush 66. From this point the circuit is \the same as described in connection with the operation of a landingbutton, such as button 97. The operatingcurrent through the} button 93 asses throug the coil 88 and not coil 89. T e contacts are therefore at once opened thereby opencircuitin the wire 109, whic is common to all of the landing-buttons, and reventing any interference from them should they be operated while current is flowing through the op crating-circuit. Since the coil 86 now receives current, being in series with the coil 88 and coil 80 of the floor-relay, the contacts 87, controlled by coil 86, will be closed. This will establish another circuit to the line by way of contacts 87 and resistance 91. This additional circuit is from the main to and through wire 106, the door-contacts 10 1, 103, 102,'and 101, wire 107, coil 88, coil 86, resistance 91, and to the main. When the circuit through the floor-relay 80 is broken the floor-controller, as has been lgreviously ointed out, to stop the car at t e desired anding, this additional circuit remains unbroken, and since the contacts 90 are held open, the coil 88 being energized, any opera-' tron from the landing-buttons will not produce any effect until the current in this additional or self-holding circuit is broken, allowing the contacts 90 to engage each other. The on y way to break this circuit is by 0 emng one of the landing-doors. This woul cause the coils 88 and 86 to become deinergized and restore their resoective contacts to their original positions. From this it will be seen that after the operator in the car has ushed one of the buttons there can be no furt er operation of either the car or landing buttons until after the car has stopped and the landing-door has been opened and shut again, thus providing a safety device of great value.-

After the motor has started the accelerating-magnet A operates to open the contacts 42 and 43, and since these contacts are in series with the common Wire of the car and landing buttons, respectively, this would pre vent any operationof the buttons until the car has stopped and the magnet A has returned the conacts 42 and 43 to their engagbuttons ino erative ait mg positions. This operation provides an additional safety device rendering all of the started. If instead of operatin the buttons 97 or 93 any otherbuttons had icon pushed, .the circuits throughout the system would be the same and the car inevery case wo ld go to the floor corresponding to the utton Y pushed and automatically stop there.

- tion.

. The position of the fioorcontroller as shown on the drawings indicates that the elevator-car is at the bottom landing. Consequently when in this osition there canbe no further movement 0 the controller in an;

anticlockwise direction.

As the car risesthe floor-controller isrevolved in a right-handed or clockwise direc- Therefore to show the o era-tion when it is desired to lower the car, t e same being at the top landing, let it he assumed that the floor-controller is in suchposition that the brushes 66, 65, and 64 will be in contact with the segment 7d, and therefore in electrical connection with the brush 69. As the car is at the to landing the brush 66 willhave passed 0 of the segment 62, deenergizing the brush 66, and consequently the buttons- 93 and 97 If any of the other buttons are now pushed, a circuit through that button and the correspondin floor-relay, together with other coils descri ed before in connec tion with an ascendin car, will flow by means of segment 74 to the nected to contacts operated by the magnetcoils 56, 57., and 5d. The connections of these coils are similar to the connections of the coils 50, 51', and 48, before described, the

an 54. control circuits leading to the coil 33 of switch S and coil 31 of switch S" and the coil 18 of reversing-switch R When coil .18 is energized, it raises its core and connected contacts in a manner similar to that of switch R. Only in-this case the operation of I, tact-piece 14. v I the motor. and other part of the apparatus just as before, with the exceptionthat curswitch R opens the circuit to 18 at the con- Ourrent is now supplied to ,vention shows that the motor 1' the motor, has

rush 69, which is contom of elevator control embodying; my in en first started has its shunt-field fully excited, the starting resistance and series field being in circuit.

out the starting resistance and seriesfield, finally running at full speed as a shunt-motor only. As the car nears the predetermined The motor next automatically cuts landing the starting resistance, together with the series field, are again placed in circuit. At about the same time an extra field having a resistance in series with it is placedin shunt to the motor-armature. This reduces the motor speed. The next operation is just before the car reaches the landing, and consists in cutting out or short-circuitin more or less of the resistance in series with t e extra held in proportion to the load upon the car, thus bringing the car to the, landing at a seed which insures the car stop ing substantiall level with the landing. lgext the brake is applied to stop the motor, the action of which brake is augmented at the same time by a dynamic braking eflect produced by the current generated by the motor-armature.

Without limiting myseli to the precise construction of details and arrangement of arts herein shown and described, what I c aim, and desire to-secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a motor, car and stations, of motor controlling' means for reducing the speed of the car before stopping,

means for varying such reduction of speed in I means, and circuits and connections tor controlling both of sald electromagnetic means.

2. The combination with a motor, car and stations, of automatic motor controlling means connected to reduce the speed of the motoras the car approaches a predetermined point in its travel, means for varying such rediiference being that the coils 56, 57, y d

uction in-speed in proportion to the load, independent electromagnetic means for controllin the aforesaid means, a floor-controller an additional electromagnetic means coacting with said floor-controller for controllmg sa d independent electromagr etic means. 3; The combination with a motor, car and stations, oi motor-controlling meansfor re- 7 ducing the speed ci -said motor and varying such reduction of speed in accordancewith the load, and electromagnetic means comrising up and down coils for controling said-motor-control lin mea'ns- 4. The combination wit a car and its mo- Est tor, of switches at a plurality of floors or stations, means for starting the motor from any one of said stations, automatic means for reducin the speed of said motor as the car approac es a predetermined point in its travel,

means for varying such reduction in speed in accordance with the load, a floor-controller, and doublemagnets coacting with said floorcontroller for controlling said speed-reducing and speed-varying means.

5. The combination with a motor and a car, of motor-controlling means connected to automatically reduce the speed of the motor as the car approaches a predetermined point in its travel and vary such reduction of speed in proportion to the load, and means comprising doubly-wound magnets for controlling said motor-controlling means.

6. The combination with a car and its motor, of means for reducing the speed of the motor as the car approachesva predetermined point in its travel, means coacting with said s eed-reducing means for varying such reuctionin speed in proportion to the load, an electromagriet having u and down coils for controlling sai speed-reducing means, an additional electromagnet havin up and down coils for controlling said speed-varying means, and circuits and connections for controlling said electromagnets.

7. In an automatic push-button-controlled elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of motor-controlling means for'automatically reducing the speed of the motor as the car approaches a predetermined floor-level and varying such reduction in speed in proportion to the load to stop the car substantially level with the floor, doublywound ma nets for controlling said speed reducing and varying means, andmeans for controlling the energization of said magnets.

8. The combination with a car and its motor, of switches at a pluralit of stations, means for excluding control 0 the car after being started-from a station, means connected to reduce the speed of the motor as the car approaches a predetermined floor-level and vary such reduction of speed by an amount proportionate to the load, electromagnetic means for controlling said speed-reducing means, additional electromagnetic means for controlling said first-named electromagnetic means, and circuits and connections for both of said electromagnetic means. i

9. The combination with a car and its motor, of push-buttons one at each fldor or station, means for controlling said motor from one of said push-buttons to the exclusion of the others, means for automatically reducing the speed of said motor as the car approaches a predetermined point in its travel and varying such reduction "of speed by an amount proportionate to the load, doubly-wound magnets for controlling said s eed-reducin and speed-varying means, an circuits an ssaiae connections automatically varied to energize or deenergize said magnets at the proper time.

10. The combination with a car and its motor, of switches at a plurality of stations, means for controlling said motor from any one'of said stations to the exclusion of the other stations, means for stopping the car at the same point with varying loads; and up and down magnets for controlling said stopping means.

1 1. in an elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of motor-controllin means for automaticallyreducing the spec of the motor and varying such reduction of speed in proportion to the duty,'a relay for controlling said speed-reducing means, an additional relay for controlling said speedvarying means, electromagnetic means for controlling said first-named relay, and circuits and connections automatically varied to eiiect the stopping of the car at the same point with varying loads.

12. The combination with a car and its metor, of motor-controlling means connected to change the speed of the motor upon the approach oi the car to a' predetermined point in its travel, means coacting with said motorcontrolling means for regulatin said change of speed in accordance with t e load, and means comprising magnets each having a plurality of windings for controlling said regulatin means.

13. 11 an electric elevator system, the combination with an electric motor, of means connected to start and stop said motor from anylanding, motor-controlling means connected to automatically reduce the s eed of the motor before the car stops at the llmits of its travel or at any predetermined intermediate oint and to vary such reduction of speed by anamount determined by the load, magnets for controlling said speed-reducing and speed-varying means when the car travels upwardly and additional magnets for con trolling said last-named means when the car travels downwardly. Y l

14. In apush-button-controlled elevator system, the combination with a car and its j motor, of electric circuits and connections for operating same, means tor automatically reducing the speed of the motor as the car approaches a predetermined point, means for varying such reduction of speed in proportion to the load, electromagnetic means for controlling said speed-reducing and speedvarying means when the car travels in one direction, additional electromagnetic means for controllinisame wh'en the car travels in the 15. The combination wlth a car audits motor, of starting resistance in circuit with the motor-armature, an accelerating-magnet for varyingsaid resistance, an electrorecepdeter-mined sto scams tive device forinterrupting the circuit to said accelerating-magnet when thecar is traveling u war ly and approaching a predeterinine' stopping-point, and an additional for controlling said variable resistance, separable contacts in series with said electroresponsive device, an electromagnet having a plurality of magnet-coils independent of each other, and means for energizing one of said coils when the motor rotates in one direction and another of said coils when the motor rotates in the reverse direction. I

17. The combination with afmotor, of a variable resistance in series with the motorannature, an accelerating-magnet, a doublywound electromagnet for controlling said accelerating-magnet, means for automatically energizing one of the windings when the motor travels in one direction and for energizing the other when the motor travels in the opposite direction.

18. The combination with a car and its motor,of an extra field and aresistance in se-' ries therewith, a doubly-wound magnetic relay for throwing said extra field and resistance across the motor-armature to reduce the speed of the motor as the car approaches a predetermined point, and means for energizing one of the windin s of said magnet when the car travels upwardly and the other winding when the car travels downwardly.

19. The combination with a motor, of starting resistance in series with the motorarmature an accelerating-magnet for controlling sa1d resistance, an extra field with resistance in seriestherewith, and an electroresponsive device for controlling both the accelerating-magnet circuit and the circuit of said extra field andresistance. V I r 20. The combination Witha car and its motor, of a variable resistance in series with the motor-armature, an electro'ma 'net for controlling said resistance, a normally open circuitv including an extra field-coil, a .single device for interrupting the circuit to said electromagnet and closing the circuit to said extra field-coil. p 1 4 21. The combination with a car and its motor/of a variable resistance in circuit with the motor-armature, an electroma net for controlling-said resistance, an extra field-coil in anormally open circuit across the motorarmature, a doubly-wound magnetfor interrupting the circuit of said electroma net and closing said normally open extra fiel -circuit. 7 22.. The combination with an electric motor, of motor-controllin means therefor, an.

extra field with a variab e resistance in series therewith, means for connecting said extra field-and resistance across the motor-armature, an electromagnet for varying saidresistance in accordance with the load, and a doubly-wound electromagnet for controlling the circuit of said first-named electromagnet, means iorenergizmg one of the windings oi said doubl -wound electromagnet at a -predetermine time when the motor travels in one direction and for ener izing the other Winding at a redeterminel time when the motor travels in the "opposit e direction.

23. The-combination with an electric motor, of motor-controlling means, an extra field-coil, an electroma net in circuit with the motor-armature, an contacts controlled by said electromagnet for placing saidextra field-coil in series with the motor-armature and said electromagnet.

24. The combination with a motor, of controlling means therefor, an electromagnet and a resistance in circuit with said motor, an extra field, and contacts controlled by said electromagnet and coacting with said motor-controlling means for placing said resistance and the extra field-circuit in parallel in a local circuit with the motorearmature.

25. The combination with an electric motor, of anrlectroreceptive device, a resistance, means for automatically. placing said resistance and electroreceptive device in alocal circuit in series with the motor-armature, an-extra lield-circuit for the motor, and means controlled by said electroreceptivcdevice i or automatically placing said extra field in shunt to said resistance.

26. The combination with an electridmosaid solenoid for placing the extra field in parallel to said resistance.

27. In an electrodynam'ic brake, the combination with a motor, of an electroresponsive device and a resistance in a normally e motor. p I, 28. The combination with a motor, of reversing-switehes therefor, a resistance, an

electrorespo'nsive device, means coacting with said reversin .-switches for connecting said resistance an electroresponsive device in series with the motor-armature in a local closed circuit in series with the motor-armature, an extra field controlled by said electro sponsive device, and means for controlling t circuit, and an extra field controlled by said electroresponsive device to place said extra field in shunt to saidresistance when the 11 0-1 with, a starting resistance in series with the motor-armature, an electromagnet for controlling said starting resistance, normally open contacts for the extra field-circuit, normally closed contacts for the electromagnetcircuit, an additional electromagnet for closing said normally open contacts to connect the extra field-circuit across the motor-armature, and also for opening said normally closed contacts to denergize said firstnamed electromagnet, contacts for normally short circuiting said additional magnet, means for controlling said last-named con-

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