US827081A - Apparatus for manufacturing gas. - Google Patents

Description

No. 827,081. i PATENTUU JULATH '31, 1906.

f1.1. COHEN. l

APPARATUS PUR MANUFACTURING GAS.

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APPLIUATION FILED NOV. f1. 1905.

et WVM C12/@Human Np. 827,081. PATBNTED-JLY- l, 1906.4

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APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

ArP'LoAnoN FILED Nov. 7. 1905.

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swan 015 @Ho-waag,

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Puri-.'IP'i-g ooHiiiN,` or. YORK, N. Y.

speiacation of Letters Patent.

nP'AnAi-us Fon MANUJFAQTURING GAS.

' Patented July 31, 1906.

, "Annamaria November 7,1905. saai No. 286.314.

To wZ-Z whom, it concern: l l' .Be it known that I, PHILIPI. Coi-IEN, a

citizen of the United States,`residinnr atNeW 'j York city, inthe county of New York and State of New York,'.have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the' following'is a specification. f l This invention; relates to a aratus fory manufacturing illuminating andlieating gas from a liquid, such as liydrocarbon o il4 or an emulsion of o il and water or a semiliquidl emulsion containingv oil, peat,an d Water or other desired composition.`

`The object of my invention-.is to lprovide an apparatus which is simple in construction and operation and Which is adapted for rapidly and. economically' generating gas at a single operation by forcing a liquid or semiiquid gas-yielding material under aI con-- stantly maintained and controlled ressuie through heated coils or conduits maintained gas.

at4 the proper temperature for 4making iixed A s ecial object of my-invention is to pro- .vide r. lautomatically and constantl controlling the pressure in the liquid-supp y pipe and generating-coil, so that the ressure in the coil shall be substantially uni orm and of the pro er degree to permit the gas-yielding materia to be converted into fixed gas'while passing through the/coil or conduit, whereby a uniform quality of xed gas is4 made With- Aout undue strain or injuryv to the apparatus; l

The matter constituting my invention will be deiined'in the claims. I y 'I will now describe my improved as-generating apparatus and the mannero operat- Ving the same by eference to the accompany-- ing drawings, in whichv Figure 1 represents'a diagrammatic view in elevation of apparatus embodying my inva sectional elevation of the vention, including certain associated devices used in a gas-making plant. Fi 2 represents an. elevation of my 'gas-ma'. 'ng apparatus, on venlarged scale. Eig. 3- represents governor and connections' for controlling the .pressure of feed liquid in the -supply-pipe and generating-coils.` 5 Y The principal -part`s of my apparatus cou- ,sist ofa 4gas,-geiierating coi y A, set in a vfurnace, a pumping-engine C C', a governor orpressure-regulatorll) for. controlling the flow and pressure of'gas=yielding liquid inthe supply-pipe and vgenera ting-coils, a reservoir 'or tank Ffor oil oremulsion, and suitable connecting. pipes and valves, as describedblow.

lThe generating-coil A is4 made of tworsizes of pipe, which may lie-respectively one inch and one and a uarter inches diameter and about three hun ed and tenl feet long. The inlet end a of the connects {at joint a with the enlarged pipe one and aquarter inch-es,- forming the ex anding and. gas-fixing art a', about one-third of .the entire coil.`

e size .of pipe andlength thereof in a generat-n an example which is e cient in ractice, andI do not limit myself either to t e size of pipe.

or length of coil or to' any particular arran ement thereof in the furnace. It may ie placed horizontally, as shown in a heatingfurnace B, havingfa ledve b', and chimney bf. Thefurnace W1 beheated by means of any suitable fuel on the ate or otherwise, so as to heat the generating-coil to a temperatureof from 1,200o

^ .to 2,000 Fahrenheit.

Ihave found in practice that a greatlength -coil are only given asv gratev b, a supportingv n coil, comprisingabout t-Wol lthirds of its length, is of one-inch pipe and of generatingcoil is notnecessary, it only sure pum suitable for forcingV a liquid or under semili ui Ah, l in -coi y' uid-su p ipe connects'with thi cylinder and diysghargeipe c leadstherefrom to the inlet end of coil and is provided iivith controllin -valves 1 and 3, a check-valve 2 and a blgoW-off valve 3'* below the connection with the coil. -In the steamsupplyl ipe s, leading to cylinder C', is connected t e governor or pressure-regulator. D,

ber ojfthis governor is connected t enliquidpipec from the-discharge-pipe c and is provided With a valvec. An air-pressure chamber C, provided with a blow-olf valve c, is

connectedin the discharge-pipe c to make the flowv of liquid more even andr free from pulsations.I .-A pipe 0., having a valve-4, connects with pipe c near thepump and extends to a pressure into the generat-v Figs. 2 and 3, and withthe diaphra m-chain-v b lflanges u' Ward against the plate e.

water-tank H, and a second pipe C4, having a valve 5, connects ipe c with the storage-tank F for returning oi or emulsion when valve 3 at the coil is closed.

The governor D is shown on enlarged scale in Fig. 3. It is constructed with a valvechamber d, in which is seated abalanced valve d, which is seated in the opening of the plate d". The valve d is provided wltha stem d, which extends upward into the diaphragmchamber E. This chamber is constructed of upper and lower lates or heads, connected and bo ts, as shown, and provided with a flexible diaphragm e, dividing it into two compartments, the u per one e" of which is the fluid-chamberwhic connects by iuidpipe c with the discharge-pipe c from the ump. To the under side of the diaphragm 1s connected the metallic hub and bearingplate e, having a screw-threaded opening` to which is connected the valve-rod d. he chamber E is supported on the valve-chamber d by the connecting-rods p. A lower bearing-plate e" is connected by the adjustable rods p with the lower head of chamber E and supports a coiled spring m, which bears Steam is su 'p ied from the main S through pi es s, t e valve-chamber d of governor to t e steamc linder C', and the exhaust-steam is disi c ar ed through pipes t to the main exhaustpipe I. The supply-and exhaust pipes s and it are provided with valves 16 and 17.

The tank F for oil or emulsion is provided with an outlet-pipef, having a valve 6, which connects with the pump-cylinder C and is also provided With a second outlet-pi e f', having a valve 7 and a blow-off .va ve 8. VlithinY the tank F is suitably mounted a central vertical shaft K, havingradial agitatingblades 7c k', and at its upper end a beveled gear-wheel 7c, which mes es with a beveled pinion i upon the horizontal shaft t, arranged in journal-boxes on the crossieces I', said shaft i havin at its outer en a belt- Wheel I, over whic passes a driving-belt Z from the belt-Wheel of the engine L. The

shaft 4K may be provided with two sets of a itating-blades, as shown. The tank H or washwater is preferably provided and connects by pipes h, having a valve 15, with ipe. f, leading to the pump. This Water-supp yi's simply for washing out the pump and pipes after the operation of making gas has ceased. To the engine L is connected a steam-su ply i e s and an exhaust-pipe t. To the rivln -shaft of the engineare connected the be t-wheels Z and l', over which are passed the beltsl and o. In the plants as usually constructed is rovided a ppat-pulverizing mill N, to the s aft of Whic is connected a belt-wheel a, over which is passed the belt o.`

The cooler or condenser G may be of any well-known kind and is provided With an in- `each si thoroug the pump-cyinder C. The

let-pipe g, blow-off valve 10. The outletip'e a/` of the coil connects with pipeg. T e outlet gasi ho der. ASbloW-'off pipe and valve g connects with the gas-pipe at the condenser. A water-supply ipewleadsfrom the main pipe W to the con enserG and isvprovided with a valve 11 to supply the necessary cooling-Water. discharge-pipe and valve 12 takes off Water from the condenser. A Water-supply pipe w leads from the main W and is previded with two branch pipes w, havingvalves 13 and 14 and discharging' into the Water-tank H and the emulsion-tank F.

The supl -ly-pipe c for oil or emulsion is provided wit a pressureage X between the pump and the cheek-valve 2 and with a seoond pressureage X between the cheekvalve 2 and t e inlet of coil A. A branch steam-supply pipe s, plrcvidedwith valve 18, connects at oneof e angle-joints with the su plyipe c for injecting steam when desire eit er to mix Withthe oil or emulsion or to clean out the pi e and coil when oil and emulsion areshut o Alby-pass pipe s, having a reducing-valve 20, connects with `the pipe s on both sides of a valve 19, as

shown in Fig. 1,so as to supply steam at any desired pressure to. the pipe c.' The ipe sf is also dprovided with controlling-va ves on e of the reducing-valve 20.

- The tankF being supplied with hydrocarhaving a controlling-valve 9 anda 6 5 e g leads from the 'condenser to the gasl bon oildsuch as gas-oil .or uel-oil or an emulsion of peat, oil, and water or othersuitable' composltion fer making gas-the agitator is put 1n. operation for keeping'the ingredients. y mixed, and t e valve 6 1s opened for supplyin the liquid through pipe f into l pumping-engine is put in operation, andliqui is forced to the ger'erating-coilA. The'coil at this time should `beheated to; the desiredtemperature for enerating gas. 'At first as the eoil is gra ually# heated up the vapors' may be blown oil or passed into the'condenser and the :condense products'drawn oi through valve g. -The coil will be heated to a temperature ranging from about'1`,200 to 2,000 ahrenheit, andJ in the rear-end composed of the enlarged pipe, the vapor wil `.he expanded and fully converted into lxed, gas which passes off through pi-'pe g into the condenser.,

-where a small percentage. -ofbyproducts' is separated While the ixed'gas Ais 'passed oil through pipe g to the gasometer orv holder. In practice .the governor is adjusted and loo IIO

set so that the pump will deli/ver liquid at any desired pressure from twenty pounds up to sixty or eighty pounds to the square inch. At whatever'pressure thefgovernor is set to work Vsuchpressure will be uniformly maintained in theliquid-su plypipe and generating-coil;` In practice maintain a pressure wal of the sure in the coil, and a higher' heat is maintained in the furnace and coil.` The gov-v in the coil at which the oil or emulsion will first be highly-heated, then vaporized, and finally4 thevapor converted into fixed gas Without permitttin any deposit of tar or lam -black or har carbon .on the interior pi e. The pressure is such that the li uid andp vapors -scourthel inside of the pipe, ut=permit the liquid to be converted lnto fixed gas. The governor may be adjusted to A'Work at different pressurescorrespending to the degree required to gasify different kinds of liquid or different gravities of oil. If it is desiredto generate gas more rapidly With a given gravity of oil or emulsion, the governor is set to maintain a higher presernor under all circumstances keeps the pressure even and uniform Athrou hout the coils and supply-pipe, so that a uni orm quality of ed gas 1s made. Without the overnor the pressure might runu to several undred pounds to the square inc 'and be so irregular that no definite quality of gas could be generated. I preferably operate at a pressure of from twenty-five to' sixty pounds and produce fixed high-candlepower gas which is delivered at the outlet of the coil. The tw'o pressure-gages X and X" indicate any variations of pressure -that may occur on opposite sides of the check-valve 2, either in the coil or pump. When the apparatus is working norboth'gages show the same ressure.`

. maui.'

W en an emulsion composed() peat, o il,

and Water, is used to make gas, the agitator K k is kept in operation, so as to keep' the emulsion well mixed and uniform, and therefore produce a uniform quality of gas throughout the runor erlod of manufacture.

When it is esired to reduce the candlepower 'ofthe gas generated in the coils or add an increased'percentage of hydrogen to the gas as it'is generated, the valve 18 in pipe s a ves in the by-pass pi e 8 are opened, While valve 19 isclose thereby passing steam throu h the ressure-reducing vvalve 20 into the'liquid-dis'c arge pipeJ c, leading from the pump to the generating-coil.-

By means of the valve 2O the pressure of steam is reduced from the boiler-pressure approximately to the ump-pressure or pressure of li uid flowing' om the pumcp through pipe c; he steam thus supplie may e superheated or simply live' steaxnfrom 'theboiler and mingles uniformly Wit-h'the gasyielding liquid without reducing or changing the pressure of the same either 1n the pipe or the generating-coils. ThisA added steam Will be decomposed in the coil, reacting with the carbon in theoil or emulsion toliberate hydrogen.- It will thus be seen that the gasgeneratedwill be `diluted, so as to reduce the canfile-power thereof, without-in any way chan mgth'e. ilor emulsion in the supply-tank' This operation is quite important in practice,

since the candle-power of-the finished-gas can lbe readily varied without changing the pumppressure or the quality of the gas-yielding quid su plied thereto.

I also nd it desirable to inject steam into the gas-discharge pipe, and for that ,purpose provide av steam-supply pipe and reducingvalve connecting with the gasoutlet pipe g,

Fi@r 2.

4 will thus *be seen that with my apparatus I can in one operation make high-candlepoWer gas for illuminating pur oses and by introducing steam, as above escrib'ed, in-

stantly ,change the quality of gas to lower candle-power suitable for heating purposes or for use as a motive power in gas-en nes. The candle-power of the gas will be regu ated by the quantity of steam which is introduced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pat- 1.- The combination with 'a gas-generating coil or conduit, of a 'umping-engme, a governor connecting wit the steamsupply pipe I of the steam-cylinder of said engineand with the outlet-pipe lof the pum which outletpipe connectswith the coil, or forcing liquid o r semiliquid material under a constantly maintained and unlform pressure into the y coil, and a suitable supply for the gas-yielding material and 'connecting-pipesLsubstantially as described.

2. The combination with a gas-generating coil of a pumping-engine comprising a steamcylinder and pump-cylinder,` a governor con.-

necting with the steam-supply pipe and with the liquid-discharge .pi e, a plpe, leading roo fromtheiump to the coi containing a checkvalve an a pressure-ga e and a supply-pipe forliquid or semiliqui gas-yielding materialconnecting with the pump, substantially -maintained and uniform pressure into the coil, a supply-tank for the lgas-yielding material having an agitatin'g device and'connesting-pipes, therefrom to the pump, substantially as described.l

4. The combination with a gas-generating coil of a pumping-engine comprising a steamcylinder and pump-cylinder, a pressure-re ylati'ng and `reducing device connecting with" the steam-supply pipe to the steam-cy inder, a pipe leading from the pump to the coil containing a check-valve, a press'ure-gageV between the pump and check-valve and a-,sec-

ond pressure-.gage between said valve'and TIO e coil, for forcing lquid or IISV - uniform4 pressure, a supply-pipe for liquid or'semiliquid material to lthe pump, a discharge-pi e leading therefrom to v,the coil, and a. va ved steam-supply pipe connecting with said liluid-discharge pipe, substantially regulating device, for forcing a liqui as describe 6. The combination with a gas-generating i coil,- of a pumping-engine having a Lpressureor sennliquid into said coil under a substantially uniform pressure, a tank for oilor emulsion, a pipe leading therefrom to the pump, a discharge-pipe leading from the pump to the coil, a steam-supply pipe, having a pressurereducing valve, connectlng with said4 dis- -charge-pipe, whereby the candle-power of the gas generated may be reducedwitliout f changing the oil or emulsion in the supply:- tank, substantially as described; y l

7. The combfnation with a gas=generatiiig coil, of a pumping-engine having a' ress'ureL regulating device, for forcing aliqui `orseni`v liquid into said coil under a substantially uniform pressure, fa sup lyepipe for liquider semiliquld material'lea ing to the'pump,al discharge-pipe leading therefrom to theleoil, a steam-supply pipe, having a-pressureeree ducing valve, 'connecting with ,said liquid= dischargev pipe,"=and a valved stema-supply Iipe connecting withvthe gas=dischi1ge p1 `e rom the generating-coil, substantially as scribed.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature 4o in presence of two Witnesses. o l I g PHILIP I. COHEN. Witnesses C. C. SANDERS,

JAMES A. VINCENT.- n

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