US79563A - Improvement in hydeocaebon-bueners - Google Patents

Description

@nitro tatrs @anni @frn BARBIE EVERETT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Letters .Patent No. 79,563, dated July 7, 1868; antedated February 8, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBON-BURNERS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, Hamm; Evnunrr, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improved Liquid-Fuel Furnace; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear7 and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make` and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of this invention.

Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof, and

Figure 3 is a partial horizontal section of the same.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of a furnace for burning petroleum and other liquid hydrocarbons, in the generation of steam, for the smelting of ores, and for other purposes, in such a l, manner as to secure the most perfect combustion of said fuel, as well as the production and maintenance of the highest degree of temperature, while at the same time thesupply of the fuel to the furnace is easily regulated, and the greatest economy thereof secured.

In order that the prineipaltfeatures of this invention may be more prominently set forth, it is proper here to state that only two distinct modes of burning the above-named ingredients have been patented or tried, namely, the retort or vaporizer, and the open or surface-burning systems. In the iirst, the material is lcd into a close vessel or retort, volatilized by the application of heat, then discharged and burned as a. gas or vapor.` This method has been found, in practice, to be attended with danger, and the interior of the retort soon becomes encrusted by the heavier products of the oil adhering to'and burning on it, whereby the vaporization becomes gradually slower, and the tire from the jets gradually dies out. The surface-burner, though superior to the other, and of more general application, possesses several radical defects, such as the escape of a large pery centage of unconsumed combustible matter, there being no suitable method of arresting and retaining the same for complete combustion. This bears directly upon the question of the economy of using hydrocarbons as a fuel.

As the result of several years experience in all the various methods of burning the above ingredients as fuel, I have demonstrated most conclusively that the greater the degree of heat maintained in and around the y apparatus when working, the less oil is consumed in proportion to produce given results.

It is well known that none of the, contrivnnces hithertopatented can maintain a continuous heat of more than about 300, while, in order to reach the point of greatest economy and perfect combustion, there should be continually prevailing a temperature of as many thousand degrees of heat. To secure this and other impor-` tant results is the object of my liquid-fuel furnace.

Avoiding the defects and retaining thc merits of the other systems, I secure, by this combination, all that is valuable inboth, with other and new results of the most satisfactory character. I am thus enabled to demonstrate the superiority of hydrocarbons over coal, for economy, convenience, bulk, Ste., as a steam fuel for metallurgie and many other purposes.

I will now describe my said method and apparatus more particularly, with the manner of constructing andworking the same.

Ihe appearance of the apparatus as a whole resembles an oblong letter, ci, resting upon its dat side. The lower or fiat part A is the burner proper, while the semicircular portion I3, joined with the other, constitutes the ccmbustion-ehamber of the furnace. Both parts may be made of ordinary lire-brick or tire-clay, or any material capable of resisting intense heat, and of retaining or reflceting heat without transmitting it. The upper portieri B should lalways be made of this or similar material, while, for all ordinary purposes, thelower part A may be made of cast iron or other metal, as the blast thrown against this part is always sufficient t0 prevent melting. The style and shape of either part will depend upon the uses and places in which it is to be put. The two sections, when united, form a complete combustion-chamber. For some uses, it will be found vases 2 desirable to have the opening or outlet a, for the flame and heat, at one end or one side only; for other purposes, at both ends or sides.

The upper segment of the combustion-chamber proper is constructed to form a hollow chamber, b, which here constitutes the crown of the arch, and occupies about one-tenth of the elongated semicircle described by the walls of the furnace, and runs longitudinally through the entire structure, as shown at fig. 1. Into this chamber I conduct either steam or atmospheric air, by means of one or more pipes c, which steam or air speedily becomes superh'eated, and is discharged into the burning mass below, throughjcts or openings pierced in the upper interior portion of the furnace, which forms the door of the rarefying-chamber b. Perfect combustion is thus facilitated, and the heat thereby intensied. y

By filling this chamber from time to time with iron filings, coke, or other material, which, when heated and supplied with water or steam, will assist in producing hydrogen gas, I also secure favorable results in intensifying heat and'economizing fuel. `Access to this chamber, whenever it may be deemed desirable to supply it with these hydrogen-generating substances, may be had by arranging a small movable section in front, in the direction of lines e, iig. l, or at any other convenient point.

Arranged substantially as above, the desideratum so long sought for is attained, viz, the presence in the combustion-chamber of several thousand degrees of heat, and consequently the economical and perfect combustion and utilization, without waste, of all the elements of heat of which the ingredients used are capable.

If used in a boiler, the grate-bars should be removed, and the apparatus put in their place should only occupy so much space as toleave ample room on both sides and top, and generally at the back, for the llame and heat 'to impingeand actupon all the tubes, iues, and entire water-surface' of the boiler.

Special care should be taken that suihcient room be left between the combustion-chamber and front of the fire-box, so that the flame may issue and' spread without coming in contact with the tire-door. As a guide in constructing the apparatus, due regard being had to proportions, its actual oil-surfaces, including also the airspaces of the burner part, need not exceed one-third of the ordinary grate-surface. As a general rule, this is applicable to all cases and uses to which the liquid-fuel furnace may be applied. l

The upper surface of the base of the combustion-chamber or the burner-plate A, as shown at fig. 3, when said base is constructed of metal, resembles a large pan, with a number of corrugations or hollow ribs, fl, which, being open at top, and still wider open at bottom, serve as air-channels and alternate burner-grooves, which, having elevated rims to prevent the escape of oil, admit a full supply, and au intermixture of oxygen with the oil at the earliest point of combustion. For instance, in a fifteen-horsepower boiler, two superficial feet of oil and air-surface or interior space would be quite suilieient for the burner. Three corrugations or ribs, at equal distances therein, two inches high, with a continuous slot or opening, of iive-eighths of an inch at top and seveneighths underneath, and with the rim or outer upright portion of the panor burner one-half inch higher, to' secure the escape of uneonsumed oil through the air-slots, and not in front, should an excess be accidentally admitted to the burner-surface, and a three-inch flange on each side, to be inserted in the brick-work, will be about right, and, in connection with the drawings, answer as a guide in constructing an apparatus for any purpese whatever. y

The refractor e, as seen inthe drawing, is of cast iron or other material, in T-shape, and is fastened on and rests over the ribs, extending its sharp edge slightly down into tlie'aircliannel or slot. lhis is for the purpose of dividing the current of air, and 'for causing it to turn down and interminglelnore intimately with the free carbon at the point of ignition. There should be usually about half an inch of clear air-space allowed under either side of each refractor. Between the air-duets, channels, or slots, at any point along. the longitude ofthe slotted plate A, issue the oil-supply' pipes,f. It may be better if these ends or branches terminate with a T, as shown atf, fig. 1, for the better delivery of the oil, all being regulated by one-supply-pipe and one stop-cock Outside.

When preferable, the supply of, oil may be through the sides or ends of the burner-plate, near the bottom, instead ofissuing directly lthrough the bottom, :is shown atfff, 3.

Pieces of broken {irse-brick, about the size of a small chestnut, or pieces of any similar material, in one or more layers, placed in the channels ofthe burner, form a goed burner-surface, although not essential to success.

The air-chaniber c, underneatlifmaybe made of cast, plate, or sheet iron, of suitable depth, of similar width and length of the burner-plate, and attached thereto, air and steam-tight, by any suitable means, substantially as shown in the drawings. Into this is set an air-duct or funnel, D, which extends outward suihcientlyto secure a strong draught, through which funnel is led a steam-pipe, g, to promote the draught, essentially as shown in iig. 3, or in any other manner to effect the same purpose. Through this pipe ajct of steam may be discharged, when required to increase the'draught, as well as to agitate and refract or spray the hydrocarbon from its position on the burner-plate throughout the entire combustion-chamber. It is also arranged and contemplated to use and take a blast from an air-holder, or from any air-forcingmachine, with but slight change, in ease a greater supply is required for heating ores, metals, and for any purpose whatever.

In the heating, sinelting, and manufacture of the various ores and metals, as well as for numerous other purposes, a pure flame and most intense heat are necessary. It is the object ot' this invention to furnish those requisites, and, by the variety of its forms and facility et' adaptation, to meet every requirement of human industry, when an efficient heating-agent may be required. l

By means of the annexed drawings and foregoing explanations, the whole process and application being 'so very simple and plain, almost any person may be able to construct and operate my burner. 1

Constructed and arranged substantially as above,- the necessary connections with an elevated oil-tank and with steam being made, with the ordinary stop-cocks in the intervening pipes, the whole apparatus is readyv to be put in operation.

This is done-by simply turning the oil-cock, permitting a small quantity to How into the channels of the burner, then lighting it with a. candle or piece of lighted paper or shaving. If it be desired to heat up with great rapidity, a forced blast .is to be applied in one of the methods herein provided for.

Special carem'ust be taken that all doors or openings through which air may enter, except through the funnel D, be hermetic'ally tight, as very much depends on the draught and the manner of admitting it.

The approximate amount of oil being burned, and the degree of heat produced or desired, may always be seen by noting the color of the ame through a small eye-hole or pane, of mica or other indestructible transparent substance, directly in front of the burner. Very slight observation will enable any person to regulate all this with great accuracy. l

As soon as the furnace has become well heated, the proper proportions et' the ingredients admitted may be readily arranged, the gauges set, and the whole left to run with but the slightest attention.

The red smoky lame indicates the presence of unconsulned carbon, and contains the least heat, and even the pure white flame is not the hottest.v The oxyhydrogen ame, slightly earburetted,of a thin, bluish-silvery color, emitting no smoke or vapor from the chimney,vindicates the point of greatest economy in fuel, perfect combustion, and mostintense heat. This accomplished, the process and apparatus may b e considered in perfect working operation. v

InA using my furnace, constructed as described, as a steam-generator, it is inserted in thefront part of the boiler, the interior water-line of which is shown at s, and a portion of the ues of which are seen in the rear of the furnace in gs. land 2. The chimney, being situated in the rear of the boiler, the flame is drawnbackward, over and around between the exterior surface of the furnace D and the re-surface'of the boiler, at z, thereby exposing extensive boiler-surfaces tothe action of the intense heat generated by the combustion of the liquid fuel.

What I claim as new and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A liquid-fuel furnace, constructed sbstantially as described, and as and for the purposes specied. 2. The combustion-chamber B, in the form of an elongated semicircle, constructed of fire-proof material,

vandsupplied with the rarefying-chamber b and the pipe` or pipes c, for admitting air cr steam thereto, theiwhole forming the upper portion of a liquid-fuel furnace, in combination with thecorrugated and slotted-burnerlplate A, forming the base thereof, the whole arranged substantially as. and for thepurposes specified.

The refractor e, for dividing and distributing the jets of team or currents of air, arranged substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Y

4. The mode, herein described, of admitting and employing liquid fuel, air, and steam through and upon the burner-plate A, together with superheated air or steam admitted through the rarefying-chamber b, lfor the purpose of' facilitating the combustion of said fuel, the whole arranged substantially as described.

HARRIE EVERETT.

Witnesses:

L. A. CpLE, J. H. WELLS.

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