US7769405B2 - Control of a multi-carrier power amplifier - Google Patents

Control of a multi-carrier power amplifier Download PDF

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US7769405B2
US7769405B2 US10/168,567 US16856702A US7769405B2 US 7769405 B2 US7769405 B2 US 7769405B2 US 16856702 A US16856702 A US 16856702A US 7769405 B2 US7769405 B2 US 7769405B2
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call
transmit power
data
available
carrier
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US20030069035A1 (en
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William Shurvinton
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Nokia Oyj
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Nokia Oyj
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/267—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the information rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
    • H04W52/281—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission taking into account user or data type priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
    • H04W52/282—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission taking into account the speed of the mobile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/52—TPC using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for dimensioning and controlling a multi-carrier power amplifier. It finds particular, but not exclusive use in a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a GSM based communication system adapted to use the EDGE data transmission standard.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • GSM BTSs have employed single-carrier power amplification schemes. That is, a single amplifier chain was provided for each GSM carrier signal.
  • Each GSM carrier signal comprises 8 time slots per frame, and is thus theoretically capable of supporting 8 conversations or data connections simultaneously.
  • a BTS comprises several transceiver units, each one having a dedicated power amplifier (PA).
  • FIG. 1 shows a BTS configuration according to the prior art.
  • eight transceiver units (TRX) are provided 10 a - 10 h .
  • Each transceiver unit has an associated power amplifier (PA) 20 a - 20 h .
  • the Power Amplifier is responsible for boosting the output power of the TRX to a suitable level for transmission.
  • the resultant signals from each of the PAs have to be combined in order to route them to a common transmission antenna. This requires the use of a high power combiner 30 , which has the drawback that a considerable amount of the input power is dissipated in the combining process.
  • PAs which are capable of amplifying more than a single carrier signal. These are known as Multi-Carrier Power Amplifiers (MCPAs) or Multi-Carrier Linear Power Amplifiers (MCLPAs).
  • MCPAs Multi-Carrier Power Amplifiers
  • MLPAs Multi-Carrier Linear Power Amplifiers
  • FIG. 2 Such a configuration is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the TRXs 10 a - 10 h are identical to those shown in FIG. 1 , and each supports a single GSM carrier as before.
  • the outputs from the TRXs are next combined in a low power combiner 50 .
  • the relative losses in this are still of the order of 10 dB in total, but as the input power to the combiner is considerably lower, the absolute power loss is much lower.
  • the output of the combiner 50 is next fed into the input of the MCPA 60 .
  • the MCPA is a wideband linear amplifier which, in this instance, is capable of amplifying the outputs of all eight TRXs simultaneously, before transmitting the signals via antenna 40 .
  • GSM specification 05.05 Section 4.2.1 “Spectrum due to the modulation of wideband noise”, particularly sets the limits on the acceptable levels of noise products due to non-linearity effects in the PA. Only recently has it been possible to implement MCPAs which meet all the necessary criteria laid out in the GSM specifications.
  • SCPA single carrier PA
  • the SCPA is capable of supporting up to eight simultaneous connections—one on each of the timeslots which make up a GSM frame. Each timeslot is processed in turn, and so the maximum output power required form the SCPA is equivalent to the maximum power called for in any one of the timeslots.
  • Defining the power output requirement for an MCPA can be more problematic.
  • An assumption made in specifying the power output requirement for an MCPA is that if it is operating substantially linearly, then the total output power on a given timeslot is given by the sum of the individual powers of each carrier.
  • P TOT ⁇ 0 n ⁇ ⁇ P n
  • n number of GSM carriers being amplified, which is eight in the example cited in FIG. 2 .
  • a method of operating a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication system comprising a multi-carrier power amplifier (MCPA), comprising the steps of: logging call activity on each timeslot of each carrier associated with the multi-carrier power amplifier; logging total transmit power of the multi-carrier power amplifier for each timeslot; and logging the data rate of any data calls being carried by the multi-carrier power amplifier, wherein transmission power is made available for a new call by reducing the transmission power of a data call.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • MCPA multi-carrier power amplifier
  • a communication system comprising: a multi-carrier power amplifier; and a database comprising: information concerning call activity on each timeslot of each carrier associated with the multi-carrier power amplifier; information concerning total transmission power of the multi-carrier power amplifier for each timeslot; and information concerning the data rate of any data calls supported by the multi-carrier power amplifier wherein the multi-carrier power amplifier is arranged to reduce the transmission power associated with a data call in order to make transmission power available for a new call.
  • the method and system may be applied to any communication system adapted to use the EDGE standard.
  • EDGE is effectively an overlay which may be used with TDMA based communication systems such as GSM or IS-136. It uses substantially the same hardware and protocols, but uses a different modulation scheme to achieve higher data rates.
  • the realisation that the data rate on a particular call can be reduced, to free up transmission power for the new call means that the new call can be accommodated at the expense of a potentially small, and possibly temporary, drop in the data rate of a single call.
  • the assignment of timeslots to calls proceeds such that there is minimal variation in transmit power from one timeslot to the next. This ensures that should there be a demand for increased transmit power for any one call, then sufficient transmit power capacity should be available across all timeslots.
  • a call data rate has to be reduced to accommodate a new call
  • the data call currently having the highest data rate will have its rate reduced, via reduced transmit power, before other calls.
  • this test is continuously re-evaluated.
  • each call may have an assigned priority level. This may be due to the particular charging tariff to which a subscriber belongs, or it may be that a user can elect to pay a premium fee on a call by call basis to ensure that a high speed data connection is maintained for that call.
  • Call priority level can be used to determine which of the currently supported calls can have its data rate reduced, with lower priority calls being affected first.
  • the incoming call which is attempting call set up may also have a priority level which will influence how timeslots are allocated to it.
  • Calls may have associated with them a minimum data rate, below which they will not drop.
  • the minimum data rate corresponds to the data rate which could be achieved if the modulation scheme of the network underlying the EDGE standard were used.
  • GMSK would be used to modulate the data. Using this modulation scheme, the data rate would be 9.6 Kbit/s.
  • FIG. 1 shows some elements of the transmitter chain in a BTS utilising single carrier power amplifiers according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows some elements of the transmitter chain in a BTS utilising a multi-carrier power amplifier according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of achievable data rate in an EDGE system related to C/I
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart detailing operation of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart detailing operation of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the current GSM network is going to be used increasingly for data rather than voice calls in the near future. Indeed, it is estimated that eventually, data calls by users browsing the World Wide Web, for instance, will eventually greatly outnumber voice calls over cellular networks.
  • EDGE is a standard which supplements TDMA systems, such as GSM, and allows relatively high speed data connections to be established using existing network infrastructure. The high speed is achieved via use of a different modulation scheme.
  • GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) and EDGE uses 8-PSK. To boost the data rate further, several timeslots can be used by the same user for data transfer.
  • GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
  • EDGE uses 8-PSK.
  • a drawback of EDGE is that its modulation scheme requires a higher Carrier to Interference Ratio (C/I) than GSM in order to operate reliably.
  • C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio
  • GSM typically requires a C/I of 9 dB, whereas EDGE needs approximately 20 dB more than this.
  • the first way is to reduce the interference power (I). However, this is largely out of the control of the operator of the cellular system, as it is derived from other systems, and indeed other signals within his system.
  • the second way is to increase the carrier power (C). However, this places demands on the transmission equipment, and goes on to cause interference to other systems, and so is not a viable option beyond a certain limit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph representing empirical studies into the relationship. It can be seen that higher data rates are available for higher C/I values. This is to be expected, as a clearer signal mitigates the need for re-transmission of data which is lost due to poor connection quality. However, it can be seen that the relationship is not linear, and that increasing C/I linearly does not cause the data rate to increase similarly. The maximum achievable data rate tails off at higher values of C/I.
  • a new timeslot on a carrier needs to be assigned.
  • the only factor that needs to be considered in determining whether a call can be accepted is whether a spare timeslot exists on any of the SCPAs. If a timeslot is available, the call is set up. In the case where an MCPA is used, there may well be one or more spare timeslots available, but now the factor which needs to be considered is whether there is sufficient transmit power available to support the new call.
  • the MCPA is supporting a given number of data and voice calls, and the MCPA is operating at its maximum transmit power on all timeslots, one option is to refuse the new call set up. If the new call was an attempted handover, it might be transferred to another neighbouring cell. If that is not possible, it may stay connected to its current cell. If that is not possible, then the call will be dropped. None of these scenarios is particularly desirable.
  • a preferable embodiment of the invention continuously monitors the allocation of timeslots, the nature of the call on each timeslot, and the data rate being achieved for each data call. If an attempt is made to set up a new call when the MCPA is operating at maximum transmit power on all timeslots, or at such a level that insufficient transmit power is available to support the new call, then there are several options which can be pursued before call set up is refused.
  • the transmission power associated with one of the data calls can be reduced by an amount equal to the amount needed to support the new call.
  • the drop in transmission power for the present data call will result in a drop in the achievable data rate, as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the data call having the highest rate is reduced first.
  • the data call on TRX 0 at TS 2 has a data rate of 32 Kbit/s and a transmit power level of ⁇ 2 dB. As this call has the highest data rate, an embodiment of the invention would liberate some power on TS 2 by reducing the transmit power associated with TRX 0 .
  • the data rate will drop as the user experiences a weaker signal from the BTS. This means that at the edge of the cell, or in other areas of poor reception, the data rate achievable will be lower than if the MS were receiving a stronger signal.
  • the modulation scheme switches to that of the underlying network, for instance, GSM. This offers a lower data rate, but one that is robust and generally guaranteed.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • the level to which trade-offs between data rate and call connection occurs is determined by the system operator on the basis of which event is perceived to cause most inconvenience to users of the network. It is normally preferable to maintain a call, even if the data rate is reduced, so that a new call can be accommodated, than to refuse a call set up or to drop a call because it is not possible to hand it over to a new cell.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart which summarises operation of an embodiment of the invention.
  • an attempt is made to set up a new call or hand over an existing call from a neighbouring cell.
  • This can be a voice or a data call.
  • call set up occurs as shown at 120 .
  • next check 130 determines whether a data call is listed amongst the currently supported calls.
  • the data call currently enjoying the highest data rate is selected to have its transmission power reduced ahead of any other data calls. In any event, the transmission power of any given data call will not be reduced below a guaranteed minimum.
  • the new call is set up 120 .
  • the timeslot allocations of the currently supported calls can be re-arranged so that the two portions of spare capacity can be re-allocated on the same timeslot so that the new call can be set up on that timeslot.
  • priorities may be based on any number of different factors such as the charging tariff to which a customer belongs, whether a call is data, voice or fax, or whether a user has selected to pay a call-by-call premium to enjoy a high data rate. It is possible to assign certain users the lowest possible priority so that they can effectively only make emergency calls. If the calls being supported by the MCPA contain a number of calls of differing priority levels, then the decision on which call has its data rate reduced may be made based on the relative priority levels of all currently supported calls.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart similar to that of FIG. 4 . All steps are identical except that step 140 is replaced by step 240 whereby the data call having the lowest assigned priority has its transmission power reduced before any other data call.
  • the present invention includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalisation thereof irrespective of whether or not it relates to the claimed invention or mitigates any or all of the problems addressed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US10/168,567 1999-12-24 2000-12-20 Control of a multi-carrier power amplifier Expired - Fee Related US7769405B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9930715.9 1999-12-24
GB9930715A GB2357670A (en) 1999-12-24 1999-12-24 Controlling a base station transmitter comprising a multi-carrier power amplifier
PCT/EP2000/013047 WO2001048950A1 (en) 1999-12-24 2000-12-20 Control of a multi-carrier power amplifier

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US20030069035A1 US20030069035A1 (en) 2003-04-10
US7769405B2 true US7769405B2 (en) 2010-08-03

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EP (1) EP1295411B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE266911T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2169801A (de)
DE (1) DE60010773D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2357670A (de)
WO (1) WO2001048950A1 (de)

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EP1295411B1 (de) 2004-05-12
EP1295411A1 (de) 2003-03-26
AU2169801A (en) 2001-07-09
DE60010773D1 (de) 2004-06-17
ATE266911T1 (de) 2004-05-15
US20030069035A1 (en) 2003-04-10
WO2001048950A1 (en) 2001-07-05
GB9930715D0 (en) 2000-02-16
GB2357670A (en) 2001-06-27

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