US72418A - Petefis - Google Patents

Description

atten faire defeat 'fitta turnover nous AND BLASTER-MILL.

@te Saletta* rifletta it im fipa Etaient ittica mit mating :grat ci' tip inte.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it-known that I, S. W. POWELL, of. Brookville, in the county of Montgomery, and State of Maryland, have invented a new and improved Mill for Crushing Bones, Plaster, and other substances; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of'this specification, in which-L Figure 1, sheet 1, is an elevation of onel side of the in ill or crusher.

Figure 2, sheet 1, is a vertical section through the mill, taken in the plane indicated byline X in fig. 3 of sheet 2. l i

Figure 3, sheet 2, is a top view ofthe mill, as seen by removing its cover and the upper bearing ofthe spindle.

Figure 4, sheet 2, is a diametrioal section through the upper bearing-box of the spindle, enlarged.

Figure 5, sheet 2, .isa top view of the upper spindle-box and its chair.

Figure 6 is a diametrical section of the step for the spindle and its lubricating-box.

Figure 7 is a horizontal section talen through fig. 6 in 'the plane Y.'

Figure 8 is a perspective view of one of the hmmersor crushersand its arm.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several-figures.

This .invention relatesto certain novel improvements on machinerywhich is'designed particularly for crushing, and reducing to powder, bones, plaster, hard guano, and 'other substances used for nianuring land and other purposes. f

One part of my invention relates to improvements on that -class of crushing or pulverizing-machines wherein the reduction of hard substances is effected by hammers striking against them with great force, such hammers being arranged within a hollow case, aud caused to rotate with great velocity, so as to elect, by percussion,

what is sometimes effected by grinding. v

The nature of my invention consists in' the arrangement of one or more revolving 'hammers having a rotary `motion in a horizontal plane within a perforated ring or case, :which latter is enclosed in a cylindrical curb or shell in such manner as to leave a concentricl space or chamber between the said Vring and outer curb for receiving thecrushed substance and allowing of its dischargefrom the machine by a series of revolving clearers, as will be hereinafter described.

The invention also consists in so constructing the perforated ring through .which the crushed substance is forced,- and also the top and bottom portions of the outer case or curb, that when one portion of said ring becomes so muchl worn as to fail in the performance ofits object, it can be turned over and a new surface presentedas will be hereinafter described. i I i It also consists in the arrangement of one or more clearers within the vertical concentric chamber formed outside ofa perforated ring, said clearers receiving` acircular motion, 'and being so constructed as to keep said chamber clearof the crushed substance forced through the perforated divisional ring as will be hereinafter described.

It also consists in the'einployment of crushing-hammers, which are so constructed and applied to their arms that these hammers can be detached from the said arms and reversed when one or more of their edges or surA faces become too much worn, at the same time providingfor keeping the hammers' always in the same hori'" zontal compass, as will be hereinafter described.

It also consists in providing for adjusting and setting the spindle, carrying 'the crushingarms and hammers;

so that` the axis of this spindle shall always coincide with the axis of the perforated ring, within which the hammers revolve, as' will behereinafter described.

` It also consists in forming. a tapering journal upon the upper end of thespindle of the hammerearms, and

in iitting. this tapering journal into a bushed cap, which is vertically adjustable, and seated into a c liai'r upon the cap of the curb or other case of .the machine, as will be hereinafter described. i

It also consists in a lubricating step-box, which is constructed in a peculiar manner, and seated in a chair upon the base of the mill, so that it can be adjusted horizontally and xed in proper position, said boi: being provided with a removable bushing and removable step, as will be 'hereinafter described.

described.

It also consists in the employment of a hollow centre-feeding removable step, as -will be hereinafterl tubular foot-piece, constructed as will lbe hereinafter described.

It also consists in so constructing the step-bcx'and arranging the step, the foot-piece on the spindle, and thejournal-box therein, that the oil in the step-box shall have access to theupper as well es the lower ends of the journal-box, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

In the construction of a machine for pulverizing substances by percussion, it isv necessary to have tho crushing-devices revolve with great velocity. For this reason the frame of the machine should be made very strong, and erected in a substantial manner, so that'there shall be as little vibration as possible. lThe frame which I'have shown in the drawings consists of a numberof vertical pillars, which are mounted upon and rigidly secured to a base-plate, G, so as to stand at regular intervals apartaround this plate, as shown in igs.1 and 2. On top of these pillars H, and firmly secured thereto in a horizontal plane, is the curb or case of the crushingdevices. This case consists of ashort cylinder, B, constructed with a bottom, B', in the upper surface of which a circular concentric depression is made, which leaves an elevated shoulder, a', within which a perforated ring, C, issnugly fitted, as shown in fig. 2. On topr of this cylindrical curb, and closely fitted thereon, is a cover` or cap, A, which is constructed With a concentric annular groove, a, in its bottom, of suihcient diameter to receive the upper edge of the perforated cylindrical' division C, and serve, in conjunction with the cir'culalshoulder a',

It also consists in providing the spindle which carries the crushers with a removable hardened-metal and ,to hold said division C rmly in place, in a position concentric to the axis of avertical spindle, D. This cap' or cover A is also constructed with a central hollowelevaton, A', the upper-.part of which has a circular chair formed on it for receiving an adjustable journal-box, b', and holding this box in position for receiving therupper end of the spindle D.` I This cap or' cover A is clampedor bolted down firmly in place upon its curb B in any suitable manner which will admit of the removal of this lcover at pleasure. The cylindrical division C is con structed with both ends alike, so that when that portion ot`its interior surface which is in the plane ef the crushers becomes too much worn by the striking of the hard substances'being crushed against it, this ring can be turned over and a new surface presented in the plane of the hammers.

It will 'be seen, by reference to `tig. 2, that the ring or division C is thickly perforated, the holes flaringl `outward so as to clear easily of the pulvcrized substance forced through them'into an annular chamber, S; Ring C servesA as a meansof preventing the .escape o f the substances being pulverized from the crushingchamber, which it encloses until such substances are reduced to a powder fine enough to pass through thepcr forationsmade through this ring. Betweenlth'e'ring C and the curb or casing B is an annular space, S, within` which revolve a number of clearers, consisting of vertical rods having Scrapers or shovels, j, on their lower ends, which latter effect the discharge of the crushed substance from the machine through the spout Af. The vertical rodsf are secured, at proper distances apart, to a horizontal toothed'ring, C1, which is supported upon anti-friction rollers, r. This ring is rotated by means of'two pinion spur-wheels, C2 Cenclosed in cases, e,'and` arranged diametrically opposite each other, as. shown in figs. 2 and 3. The spur-wheels@ Ci are keyed upon vertical'shafts C3 C5, which have their bearings in the cover A and in brackets E2 E3. The shaft G3 carries a belt-drum, E, which communicates motion'througha belt indicatedin red lines, fig'. 2, to a belt-drnm, E, which" is keyed on the vertical shaft C5 of spur-wheel 0*. Shaft C3 is driven by a bevel-spur wheel, E4, on a drivingshaft, F', which spur engages with teeth formed on the lower end of the belt-drum E. The shaft F' has'ts bearing in the bracket E3, and carries. belt-wheel, F, on 'its outer end, as shown in iig. 2. The spur-wheels G2 C4 and the drums E Ex being constructed precisely alike, they will rotate with the `same speed, and thus communicatey a regular rotary motion to the toothed ring carrying the shovels or clearers. The substance which it is desired to reduce to powder is fed into the chamber, surrounded by ring C, through the hopper A and cylindrical elevation A, where-it is acted upon by a number of radial arms, D', projecting horizontally from the spindle D. These arms being swiftly rotated, compel the substance brought in contact with them to iiy off toward the ring C, where itis repeatedly struck. by hammers d, upon said arms, until it is reduced to such a degree of iineness as will'allow it to escape, through ring C, into the chamber S.

The radial arms D' are made very strong, so as to resist the iniiuences which would otherwise cause them to break or ily, to pieces, and the ends of these arms` are slightly enlarged, and constructed with vertical flat faces. Square holes are made through said arms, near their outer extremities, for receiving the square Shanks c of the hammers d, and allowing ofthe latter being secured in place, by means of keys, c", inserted through the said shanks. The face of each hammer d is square, e., it has four equal sides and four right angles, and the shank c2 of each hammer is located exactly in the centre of its back face. These hammers are applied to their arms D', so that their outer edges almost touch the inner surface of the perforated ring C; consequently, if the hammers were made oblong, they couldl not be reversed, when one sido or edge wears away, as often as the square-faced hammers which I have described and shown. The hammers 02, on account of their being made of the form shown, can be reversed four times before it is necessary to remove them and substitute new ones. In order to prevent undue wearing away of the hammers, I shall face them with steel. The spindle D is sup` ported at its lower end-upon a step, 7i, and at its upper end by a cap or journal-box, and at an intermediate point, between the step and bottom, B', of the curb, a belt-drum, F2, is keyed, by which motion can be transmitted to said spindle from any convenient prime-motor. The lower endof the spindle D'has a tapering socket made centrally in it, into which is inserted the tapering end of a cylindrical foot-piece, y. This foot-piece is' mede of steel, with its lower end rounded or convex, and it is bored out, as shown at g', so as to reduce the thickness of metal, and allow of its being chilled or hardened equally. Thelower end of this foot-piece rests upon tbe'upper convex end of a sit-ep, 7i, which is drilled ont,`as shown at h', tofacilitate the hardening of it,

and also to allow oil entering erossdioles z'z" to rise through its centre, and lubricate the impingingpoints of the step and foot-piece, as shown in iigs. 2 and 6. This foot-piece h is also constructed withan enlarged shoulder,

8 j, upon it, whichrests upon the bottom oftheoil-cup L, andisv held firmly thereon bya key, e". The foot-piece gpasses through a box, L', which is lined with Babbitmetahp, andwhichis held in a central position in this box, below its upper end, 4by means of threearms, which aliovv'oil in cup L to risebetween them, and thus lubricate foot-pieces g, at both ends of said box. Cup L is suitably covered, and seated into a circular flanged case, I,

the flange I of which is lsupported upon a chair, G, rising centrally from the base-plate G. This flanged 'case I is supported by its chair in such manner" that it is allowed to receive a horizontal adjustment for oentring the Y step and spindle with'respe'ct to the ring() and its curb B.V This adjustment is ciected by means of vthree setscrews s, (one of which is shown in tig. 2,) which are tapped .through the chair G', at regular intervals apart,

. and in a horizontal plane. The `inner ends'ot` these screws s abut against the 4side of thecase I, and holdv itrmly in the desired position. The upper end of the spindle D is reduced and'tapered,as shown at cx', and iitted into a journal-box, bl, @whic'h is linedwithBabbit metalc, that is heldin 'placein said box by means of a The bore ofthe lined box bl ismade. to conform to the tapering jourualc, so that, by depressing this box b', any wearing of the journal and its lining can be compensated for, and the parts kept in proper rung.

set-screw, t.

ning order. The box b is constructed with a circular anc'h, which is tittedsnugly into aeircular recess formed in the head of the chair. Through this circular anch screws b3 are' tappedjwhich support the box b1, upon the head and .admit of the vertical adjustment of this box, for th'e purpose described.- Said screws also admit of the-box b1 being adjustedand set vertically'. The screws 6*, whichare also tapped through the -tlanoh of be; lil,- are tapped into the head b of the chair, for the purpose of securing'the box 'downtirmly in place, after it has been 4properly adjusted, by means of the set-screws b3.'- For lubricating the upper box b1, a cup may be applied on top'of it, whichwill contain oil, and also serve as a coverY for keeping out dust and other foreign substance.

Having thus given a' particular description of the several parts of myimproved machine, I will now briefly describe the operation of the machine. The substance which it is desired te crushv is fed into the space encircled by the perforated ring or case C, through the hopper A2 and hollow elevation A1, and, falling upon th rapidly-rotating arms D', this substancevwill b'e instantly thrown oft', and brought within the path or circuit of the hammers d. Here the substance is repeatedly struck by thel'hammers, and struck with such forceand rapidity that it is rapidlyreduced to powder. The perforated case C retains the substance within it V until reduced to such a degree of nenessvthat it will pass through ,the outwardly-daring perforations through this case, which -it is caused to do by centrifugal force. After escaping through'the case C, the powdered substance is arrested in the annular chamber S, when itis collected by the shovelsf and discharged from the machine through the spout A3, i uto suitable receptacles. Y

It will be seen that the perforated case C serves as a division, and ai resisting object for the substances being crushed,`aud thereby keeps them in position to -be acted upon by the hammers, and it also serves as a sieve or 4screen for allowing of `the separation of the powderfromvthe uncrushed lumps, duringthe operation of the machine. 'i i Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. rllhe clearers or discharging-devices f, applied within a space, S, enclosed by the shells, C B, of a. crushing-machine, substantially as andfor the purpose described.

2. Applying the clearersj" to atoothed ring, C', which isl supported within the annular space S, and drivenA by means substantially as'described `3. The reversible perforated case or division C, applied to a machine operating substantiallyas described. 4, The construction of the cover A, with a centralfelevated, hollow enlargement Alfforming ajchair for receiving a vertically-adjustable journal-box, which supports the upper end of the'spin'dle'l), substantially as I described.

5. The arrangement, within a perforated case,1C, of' o ne or more revolving arms, carrying removable and reversible square-faced hammers d, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. The vertically-adjustable journal-box b, supported upon a chairv formed ou cover A1, and adapted -for receiving the tapering end C of the spindle D, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described. f

7. The step It, constructed with perforations in it, substantially as described. 8. The construction ofthe oil-cup L, for receiving the step It, and with a journal-box,'L\,'for receiainar the foot-piece g, substantially as described.

SAMUELv vv, POWELL.

Witnesses:l

B. Grnrm, Enw. Sonaraa.

Images