US710019A - Photographic emulsion. - Google Patents
Photographic emulsion. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US710019A US710019A US11122702A US1902111227A US710019A US 710019 A US710019 A US 710019A US 11122702 A US11122702 A US 11122702A US 1902111227 A US1902111227 A US 1902111227A US 710019 A US710019 A US 710019A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- grains
- photographic emulsion
- solution
- emulsion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver chlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUVOYUDQAUHLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disilver;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O ZUVOYUDQAUHLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/494—Silver salt compositions other than silver halide emulsions; Photothermographic systems ; Thermographic systems using noble metal compounds
- G03C1/498—Photothermographic systems, e.g. dry silver
- G03C1/49836—Additives
- G03C1/49845—Active additives, e.g. toners, stabilisers, sensitisers
Definitions
- An excellent emulsion is obtained by mixing the following solutions: (A) 10.5 grains gelatin dissolved in eighty cubic centimeters distilled water; (B) 1.9 grains disodium phosphate, (Na HPO -l-12H O,) 0.6 grains potassium chlorate, 1.7 grains neutral potassium citrate, (K C H O +H O,) 0.4: grains citric acid dissolved in forty cubic centimeters distilled Water; (0) 5.2 grains crystallized silver nitrate dissolved in ten cubic centimeters distilled water.
- the mixing of this solution is effected in the following way: The solution B is added to the solution A. Then ten cubic centimeters of distilled water are added, whereupon solution Ois added in small quantities to the mixture of the solutions A and B, at the same time thoroughly shaking the mixture.
- the photographic papers prepared with this emulsion show the following excellent qualities: They are extremely durable and do not show any changes even after several months when kept in an open envelop without surrounding the same with a water-tight mate- The coating is so even and hard that even in summer-time the use of hardening substances is unnecessary. They give excellently-graded and permanent copies with beautiful and brilliant tones withoutbeing washed before toning in thewell-known gold and platinum baths.
- the finished pictures are very strong and resist mechanical effects as well as the effects of the atmosphere extremely well. Besides these advantages it is a further considerable advantage that it is not necessary to expose these papers under the negative up to the full power of the picture. It is only necessary to expose the same, according to the density of the negative, from twenty to thirty seconds to the action of the daylight in order to obtain a slightly-visible picture which in dull daylight or in the usual lamplight can be developed in a Very simple manner to any desired power.
- the developer consists, for instance, of a solution of 0.16 grains of potassium bichromate and 0.1 grains of potassium bromid in five hundred cubic centimeters of distilled Waterto each fifty cubic centimeters, of which solution before using the same thirty drops of a solution of two per cent. of gallic acid in alcohol are added.
- the sensitiveness to the action of the light of the paper is so great that the light of a magnesium strip of 2.5 centimeters length and three millimeters breadth which is burnedv at a distance of thirty centimeters from the copying-frame is sufficient for producing a picture which can be developed to the full extent.
- emulsions may be used for manufacturing any kind of sensitive films or surfaces for photographic purposes.
- a photographic emulsion containing an emulsifying agent, silver phosphate, silver chlorate, and a silver salt of an organic acid, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
\ rial.
UNIT D STATES ATENT OFFICE.
PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION.
SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 710,019, dated September 30, 1902.
Application filed June 11, 1902. Serial No. 111,227. (No specimens.)
T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, YORK SCHWARTZ, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, and a resident of 3 Edenstrasse, Hanover, in the Province of Hanover, German Empire, have invented a new and Improved Photographic Emulsion, of which the following is an exact specification.
It has been tried to use silver phosphate for manufacturing photographic emulsions Without using any halogenous silver compounds; but these trials have not been very successful, as in the photographs manufactured by means of such emulsions the gradations between the intense lights and the intense shadows are too small, so that the photographs are not brilliant enoughthat is to say, they are not sufticientlyrich in contrasts. I do away with this disadvantage by my new invention, which consists in emulsifying the silver phosphate in gelatin solutions in the presence of silver chlorate and silver citrate. Instead of citrate of silver silver tartrate can be used.
An excellent emulsion is obtained by mixing the following solutions: (A) 10.5 grains gelatin dissolved in eighty cubic centimeters distilled water; (B) 1.9 grains disodium phosphate, (Na HPO -l-12H O,) 0.6 grains potassium chlorate, 1.7 grains neutral potassium citrate, (K C H O +H O,) 0.4: grains citric acid dissolved in forty cubic centimeters distilled Water; (0) 5.2 grains crystallized silver nitrate dissolved in ten cubic centimeters distilled water. The mixing of this solution is effected in the following way: The solution B is added to the solution A. Then ten cubic centimeters of distilled water are added, whereupon solution Ois added in small quantities to the mixture of the solutions A and B, at the same time thoroughly shaking the mixture.
The above proportions are such that in the ready emulsion no free silver nitrate is contained.
The photographic papers prepared with this emulsion show the following excellent qualities: They are extremely durable and do not show any changes even after several months when kept in an open envelop without surrounding the same with a water-tight mate- The coating is so even and hard that even in summer-time the use of hardening substances is unnecessary. They give excellently-graded and permanent copies with beautiful and brilliant tones withoutbeing washed before toning in thewell-known gold and platinum baths. The finished pictures are very strong and resist mechanical effects as well as the effects of the atmosphere extremely well. Besides these advantages it is a further considerable advantage that it is not necessary to expose these papers under the negative up to the full power of the picture. It is only necessary to expose the same, according to the density of the negative, from twenty to thirty seconds to the action of the daylight in order to obtain a slightly-visible picture which in dull daylight or in the usual lamplight can be developed in a Very simple manner to any desired power.
The developer consists, for instance, of a solution of 0.16 grains of potassium bichromate and 0.1 grains of potassium bromid in five hundred cubic centimeters of distilled Waterto each fifty cubic centimeters, of which solution before using the same thirty drops of a solution of two per cent. of gallic acid in alcohol are added. v
After washing the so-developed pictures they are treated in the same manner as the pictures which were perfectly copied under the negative.
The sensitiveness to the action of the light of the paper is so great that the light of a magnesium strip of 2.5 centimeters length and three millimeters breadth which is burnedv at a distance of thirty centimeters from the copying-frame is sufficient for producing a picture which can be developed to the full extent.
It will be clear that the emulsions may be used for manufacturing any kind of sensitive films or surfaces for photographic purposes.
Having thus fully described the nature of this invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is
A photographic emulsion, containing an emulsifying agent, silver phosphate, silver chlorate, and a silver salt of an organic acid, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of the subscribing witnesses.
YORK SCHWARTZ.
Witnesses:
LoUIsE KNOKE, LEONORE RASOH, G. C. STEVENSON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11122702A US710019A (en) | 1902-06-11 | 1902-06-11 | Photographic emulsion. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11122702A US710019A (en) | 1902-06-11 | 1902-06-11 | Photographic emulsion. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US710019A true US710019A (en) | 1902-09-30 |
Family
ID=2778545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11122702A Expired - Lifetime US710019A (en) | 1902-06-11 | 1902-06-11 | Photographic emulsion. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US710019A (en) |
-
1902
- 1902-06-11 US US11122702A patent/US710019A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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