US700224A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

Patented May 20, |902.

J. D. MGRAE.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

(Application med Mar. 12, 1901.)

5 Sheets-sheet (No Model.)

f .III

TH: Nunms mins Pncjou'rio., WASHINGTON, u. c.-

I Patented May 20, |902. .1.. n. MQRAE. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

(Applicatian filed mar. 12, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2,

(No Mude.)

TH: mams crans c.. PuoYoLrruo.. wAsHNaroN. n.

Patented .May 20., i902..

J. n. MnA'E.

GENTRIFUGAL PUME.

(Application led Mar. 12, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

No. 700,224.- v 'Patented may 2o, |902. J. D. MGRAE'.

CENTRIFUGAL- PUMP. (Application med Mar. 12, 1901..) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4,

Patented may 2o, |9o'2.

J. D. McnAE.

cENTm-FUGAL PUMP.

(Application tiled Mar. 12, 1901.) .I

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

' (No Model.)

wwe/.som

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mi alms PETERS cu. Puofouwo., wAsHbnToM. D. c.

To @Z whomv it mag/:concern:

i the followingt'o be afull, clear, and exact dee j scription of the invention,=such as will'enable f vtions shown in the accompanying drawings pump-runner shown in sectional brokcnfxaway` -Figure k1 is a vertical` centrallseetion of `a form of centrifugal pump constructed in accord#I y f Fig. 7 is a detail crossfsection of-the glandor .tive ofv one, of' theremovable suctionftube f plain UNITED, STATES.A

PATENT, Ormes.

JOHN D. MCRAE, oFoswEGo, NEW YORK.

' 4CENTRlFuGAl. PUMP...

` p srEcIFIcATIoN formingpartof Letse-fs Beit knownthatLJOHN D. MCRAE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing atOswego, Oswego county, New York State,havein'vented certain new and useful Improvements in,l Centrifugal Pumps; andlgloihereby declarel This invention relatesl tocertain improve;A ments in centrifugal pumps; andthe objects and nature of my invention will be readily understood by those vskilled `lin the art froml the following explanations of the construcothers skilledin the art to which it appertains as examples, from among. others, of devices within the spirit and.v 'scopeof my invention'.V

My invention consists incertain novel features lin construction', in combinations ofA parts, and in arrangements of details', Aas morel fully andparticularlyjpointed out anddescribed hereinafter. ,1,

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

ance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan, the section being taken in the plane of the'line 2,2,.Fig. 1. Fig. islacross-section tkefliil the-plane 0f the 1in@ 3 t 3, ;F ig.f.2. Eis-'L 4 is @detail SostieneLplanlriewnlargee, the pump-'Casinabeinsbrokn away and the;

top plan..` liig. `5 is a Adetailcross-section, enlarged, taken in the plane ofjthe 1ine`5,Y5,-Fig. 3. Fig.l 6 is a detail perspective viewjenf larged, of the adjusting gland or bushing, in which the vhollow runner -v journal rotates.

bushing of Fig. 6. i Fig is adetail perspec- `Appleman nea March 12, iei.v serai No'. 50.864. (No man) Passano. 700,224, date@ May 2o, 1902.

stance is arrangedhorizontally with a suit' ror'otherwise secured, as hereinafter set forth.-

and extending up from the base and at their upper ends provided with suitable alined j our- `.nal-bones. Y

fcoupled withanysuitable 'source of power sired. The shaftwan'd, pumprunnercarried froma steam-'engineelectric motor, or any `other. suitable power'. 'The' shaft: extends of the rotary pump-runner.

armsof blades f', vequally spaced and allof arms can be formedfof one casting.l In the outwardly and rearwardly fromthe hub and theA forms shown in severalguresgeach Iarm tapersI or decreases in width from the hubv to its outerL end. The 'hub is formed hollow or 'havinga'concentric opening through the end c; 4Ahollow journal g is rigidly secured inl said end opening of the hub andextendsou'tjournal is formed of afhollow cylinder` or straight cylindrical 'section of pip'e Lwith open Suitable mechanism -is provided to form a water-tight joint around said pipe or` hollow eommlunication between said journal v, pipe and a duct or passage thereto.

fraiiiey-which can loeof any suitable or de- :a'bly-br'aced upwardlyfextending'end web or g-wa'll d, to whichapu nip-casing head is bolted d? dzare pillow-blocks or supports rigid withv e is the horizontal rotary; pump#V rnnnershaft,` mounted in saidjournal-boxes. r f eisthe driving-pulley, secured tothe shaft' between, the j ournalrboxes and adapted to' be l 6s i' 7 @for rotating the 'shaft at the rateofspeeddef` 0Thepump-runner or rotary-head comprises` thecentral` hub rigid with the radiating,

j thesame length.` If desired, lthe hub and its example shown the arms longitudinally curve i of the huh opposite the inner end of the shaft' runner-journal and yet permit open liquid ple of ywhat might be employed for this pur' sirable construction and inthe present inf thereby canbedriven by belt or otherwise .70."I4 through and outwardly beyond an ,opening j. v 1 ,in the vertical endwall el ofthe frame and 'at its outer end isrigidly secured inthe hub ea'ch'arm has a "broad jliat front facev and is braced-'or strengthened alongf .its rear face bym' I-a central longitudinaliriboriiange., .Also in l t fwithl aninterior concentric water-chambery g'.

wardly therefrom concentricallywith the axis j on which the runner rotates This 'hollow ends, the inner open end opening; into or. forming the n waterfchainber1of-said hub..

As anjexamf pose I provide a T or other form ot' pipe-section, coupling, casing, or casting h, arranged at the outer side of and secured to the pumpcasing or a head thereof, as hereinafter described, with the horizontal portion of said T-casing in continuation of and concentric with the axis of said tubular journal or pipe g, which extends thereinto and turns therein. The outer end of the casin g h is tightly closed in any suitable manner, as by a plate or head h2, bolted or otherwise secured thereto. The casing lz has the intermediate upwardly-extending langed branch or passage 3, to which any suitable duct or chamber can be coupled or joined. h" is a strong or rigid leg or support extending from the ground or door up to said casing to aid in supporting the same and theparts carried thereby or mounted thereon.

The journal-pipe g, rigid with the pumprunner, has an exterior diameter less than the internal diameter of the horizontal portion of the tubular casing h, into which it concentrically projects the necessary distance. The said journal-pipe is surrounded Within saidtubular casing by any suitable packing in which the pipe turns and which is designed to form a tight joint around the same to prevent leakage between the casing and said journal-pipe. As an example of what may be employed for this purpose, I show the inner end-of the casing formed with an internal annular flange or shoulder h3, surrounding the pipe-journal. h4 is a` cylinder, sleeve, bushing, or gland arranged longitudinally within the casing concentric with said'journal-pipe and of such internal diameter that the end of the journal-pipe projects a short distance thereinto and turns therein. The inner end of said cylinder around the journal-pipe opposes' and is arranged opposite the flange or shoulder h3, before described, and suitable packing material h5 surrounds an intermediate portion of the journal-pipe and is interposed and compressedbetween said shoulder h3 and said end of said cylinder h4. Said end of the cylinder and inner edge or faceof the shoulder 71,3 can be beveled, as usual, to force the packing to the journal-pipe and maintain the tight joint. It will be observed that the inner end of said cylinder h4 is open to receive the end of the pipe-journal, while the outer end thereof is closed and arranged opposite or adjacent to the end head h2 of the casing h. The said cylinder is held against rotation, but is longitudinally adjustable, so that the packing or joint can be adj ustedto take up wear. Various devices can be employed to thus hold the cylinder against` rotation and yet permit longitudinal adjustment of the same. As al1-example of convenient means for this purpose I show-a notch or recess lO cut orotherwise formed in the end portion of the cylinder to receive the pin 7L, arranged longitudinally of the cylinder and secured in the end 4head h2 of the casing. This rigid pin fitting in the recess or notch Vin the cylinder holds the same against rotation and yet permits the cylinder to slide in the casing longitudinally of the pin.

The device shown for adjusting the gland consists of the screw-bolt 7L?, screwing in a hole tapped through the head h2 and having aconical end itting and turning in a conical socket in the closed end of the cylinder h4, so that the cylinder can be forced inwardly by screwing in the bolt. The bolt is shown provided with a jam-nut hs at the outer face of the end head h2 for locking the bolt. The cylinder is formed with the longitudinal slot or opening h, registering with the suction or induction passage 3, to permit free passage of the liquid, vapors, or gases through th'e passage 3, cylinder 4, and journal-pipe g into the central water space or hollow hub of the pump.

Suitable mechanism is provided to maintain and create a comparatively high degree of suction through the hollow journal of the runner, and hence create a partial vacuum in the duct communicating therewith, and thereby draw the water and vapors therefrom and discharge the same centrifugally or otherwise from the interior of the runner-hub into and from the pump-casing under the necessary pressure. As an example of meanswhi'clr might be employed for this purpose Ishow a series of water ducts or passages radiating from and opening into the internal water space or chamber of the runner, having open outer ends discharging into the shell of the pump-casing. I have devised a peculiarly advantageous construction and arrangement ot radiating liquid-passages in connection with the centrifugal-pump runner.- For instance, the radiating liquid-passages might be formed by tubes, although the broad features of my invention are not so limited. In this connecticut' denotes' suction-tubes approximately radiating from the runner-hub. The hub is formed with openings into its central water-space, and the inner ends of said tubes are rigidly secured in any suitable inanner in said openings of the hub, so that their inner ends open into said water-space. If desired, the ends of said suction-tubes can open into water-chamberj12 and extend into the hub` tangent-ially ot' the axis of the hub and runner, approximately as shown in Figs. ll and 12 of the drawings, and the tubes from thence curve longitudinally rearwardly and out- Wardly,approximately as shown. Ipreferthat the tubes opening into the one central waterchamber be all of equal capacity and length and that they be equally spaced around the runner. As I am at present advised, it is preferable to have the suction-tubes equal in number with the runner arms or blades and to arrange each suction-pipe longitudinally along the front face of Va runner and conforming generally to the rearward and outward longitudinal curve of the runner-arm, withthe open ICO IIC)

outer ends of the tubes slightly projecting beyond the ends of the runner-arms and cnt off at an angle or on a curve or arc about concentric with the axis of the runner. `However, I do n'ot desire to limit myself to these,

specific constructions and arrangements, although, as at presentadvised,` specific advantages are attained thereby. If the'tubes are made of sufficiently strong and heavy material, it will not be Anecessary to secure or y fasten them tothe runner-arms, as the tubes will be rigidly held in place by their inner ends screwed or otherwise fastened into. the runner-hub: 'q l l Inthespeciic examples showninthe drawings a pump-runner is shown which would be .complete and operative so far as its exterior action on the liquid Within the casing is concerned Without the suction-passages, which in the example shown are-formed by separately made and secured tubes.' I have pro? vided-.such a pump-runner withpeculiar 'internalarrangements and passages, which, as I am at present advised byv experience, do not modify the exterior action ofthe runner on the liquid Within the-casing;` buty the suction or pull created Within said internal passages is enhanced and increased by the exterior action of the said runner on the liquidV Within the casing. I find that the efficiency of the runner through saidsuction-passageslis vincreased by projecting the v outer discharge ends of said passages beyond the circle in- Which'the bodyof the runner'revolves in order-to attainthe desiredperipheral speedat the outer ends of said passages to create the` necessary suction inthe said passages for drawing therethrough the mixture ofl Water and] vapor. It is--desirable to .project 14the outer discharge ends ofthe suction-passages beyondy the exteriorv surfaceof the runner4 itself and into the annular `water space or shell surrounding the runner,so that the ex terior action ot' the runner on the water within the casing will aid or increase thesuctionor pull through said-passages and so that ai r or vapor discharged from said passages will ybe depositedon the inner surface of the annu-- larr shell or trough-.of the pump-casing andA form a lm thereon, and thereby reduce skin friction. Advantages arealso attained by having the discharge-ends of the suction-passages open outwardly directly into the Waterspace around the runner-thatis, so that the planes of the openings of the passages will'beall approximately included in the-circle in which said ends move in contradistinction to arrangements wherein the planes ofsaid` e openings might bezat decided angles tosaid With'respect vto the direction of, rotation of circle vas opening. forwardlyeor lrearwardly the runnen In thefspecitic example' shown I preferasrat presentladv-ised, to cut otf'the vends ofthe tubes at an angle in the direction 'about'asshowmother'than at a right angle to theaxis ofthe tube. Where the suction-l i passages are formed by separate tubes, as in the example illustrated, itis desirableto conform the tubes longitudinally to the runnerf v arms 4and onfthe front sides thereof, whereby the tubesfare braced and strengthenedunder centrifugal action during ,theA rapid rotation of the runner, and the outward rush of water along the runnerfarms tends to increase ,the n pull or suction through said tubes.y

' To increase the suction and efficiency ofthe tubes during the rotation of the runner, Ican form the liquid passage or ductot' each tube length with an intermediate contracted portion t" (see Figs. ll and 12) inthe form of it preferable that this contractedportion `be located as near the inner ends ofthe radi, Thel ating. suction passagesv as possible.

double cone or taper, preferably on gradual curved lines. As at present advised, I deem f p l V 8o tubes are internally open and unobstructed throughout theirlengths, exceptfor 'saidconf-l tracted portion ofeach tube, which, however, I may not use in all instances. Although InoW' considerit,an important'limprovement and valuableA adj unctv for certain conditions, yet

-I do not desire to limit the broad features ofL i 90X Figs. ll'and 12Ashow eachsuction-,tube corn-I posed of asingle tube length annularly com,

pressed between its ends to form the contract- `edportion or suction-nozzle' 't'.v Hence certain practical disadvantages orginconvenienoes:-

might arise Where such a construction is em-.f'

ployed` or isto be installed ininstances where it is desired to change the capacity orthe effi#` ciency of the suction-tubes bynotelnployingsaid contracted suction-nozzles orby'e'mployfingnozzles of afdift'erenty internal area. --.-I"-l ings a simple construction and'farrangement `whereby the ,radialsuction-passages*canbe f relieved, of the .contractedl suction-,nozzlesA should conditions ,arise `or be `encounteredV vf y where such removal'wouldjseemdesirable-.jl` andalso .whereby the suction-nozzle canbe have hence shown inotherviews of the draw-1 easily removed and-replaced bydiflerentno'z-l Zles.' `For instance,I shoW a simple and conv venient means for carryingt'hese objectsinto effect in Figsil, 2,13, 4, 8, 9, and l-10,'in Whichthe runner-hub isformed Withtheseries of radial passages at their inner-.ends opening into the central or concentric 'chamber of the hub. -The journal-pipe gis shown-extending throughout the length of this-central chamber of the hollowhub and intersecting-.the `in ner ends of saidradial passages. Thejournalf fpipe `is formedvvithv radialopenings orA outlet-l pa'ssages-g,coinciding with theinner ends of` saidr radialv passagesrespectively, ybut pref-y erably having slightly shorterd-iameters than saidv radial .passages lor fotherwiseso formed a125.` j inner ends of said radial passages. 'Ihe'ra-fx i as'to provide abutments '.or; shoulders atthe dialpassages are yinternally screw-threaded#v attheirouter portions 4toreceive-theinner` p j screw-threaded ends ofl the`jsuction-tube`s1, f i` y. Y v whichextendintosaid passages forcompar-rgo atively short distances ortonly Suhdistances.;

as may be necessarvto properly securerthe tubes.

Each tube t is open and of approxi-v Y mately the same diameter.throughoutqits I length. Separate contracted tube-sections or suction-nozzles t are employed, each having the double-cone contracted interior. These nozzles are usually without exterior screwthreads, and each is of such a length and external size as to drop into a radial passage of the runner-hub and at its inner end abut against the shoulder formed by the journalpipe g (or any other suitably-formed shoulder) and extendfrom thence outwardly in the passage about to the screw-threaded portion thereof, so that when a tube is screwed into said passage the inner end ofthe tube will abut against the outer end of the nozzle Vor section and lock the same between the tube and shoulder. It will thus be noted that if for any reason it should be desired to use the pump without the contracted nozzles or tube-sections the various tubes lL' can be unscrewed from the runner-hub and the said nozzles be removed the nozzles can be easily replaced by nozzlesof different capacity as conditions vary. Contracted nozzles t of various internal capacities can be easily made and kept in stock, so that whenever a pump is installed it will be a simple and easy matter to insert, possibly after several tests, the exact nozzles necessary to meet the peculiar conditions of the particular plant, which possibly cannot always be determined until the pump has been set up and tested `a number of times. According tothe state of the art prior to my invention, as l am at present advised, my invention in this particular comprehends various other constructions and arrangements, `whereby interchangeable suction-nozzles can be employed in the same runner and with the same radial suction-passages.whether or not said radial passages be formed by separate tubes or otherwise.

The pump-casing can be of any suitable and desirable construction. The closed casing shown in the drawings merely as an example consists of two end heads and the annular trough-like shell j, forming a water space and passageV around the runner and from which the tangential discharge 4 opens, as shown in Fig. 3, to which any suitable discharge or lift pipe can be bolted or otherwise secured. This shell j is secured to and between the outer surrounding edges of the two heads j and jz. The heady" has the central opening through which the hollow journal g ot' the runner centrally passes, which opening is surrounded by the flanged neck of said head, bolted or otherwise rigidly secured to the inner end of the casing h, as' clearly shown in Figs. l and 2. The opposite head l7'2 is bolted or otherwise rigidly secured to the vertical web or wall-d of the bed-plate or frame and has an opening for the passage of the runner-shaft and a water-tight joint or bearingj3 for said shaft. In the specific example illustrated in Figs. l, 2, 4, and l2 the end headj2 is formed with a suction or inlet duct 7c, extending laterally thereinto and then turning inwardly and opening into the central portion of the easing and around and concentric with the inner portion ot' the runnershaft. As shown in Fig. 2, said head ,7'2 is provided with an annular flange around the outer end of said suction-duct 7c, to which the suction-pipe 5 from any desirable source is bolted or otherwise secured. It will thus be observed that the suction created by the ro? tation of the run ner head or arms acts through the duct 7o and pipe 5 on the source connected,

therewith, and the water therefrom is drawn directly into the casing at the central portion of the runner and around the hub thereof andis directly acted on by the runner-arms to cause the discharge of the Water under sufficient head or pressure through the discharge-pipe or uptake A1, together with the liquid drawn in by the radiating suction-passages of the runner.

From the foregoing description it will be observed that the rotation ot' the runner at the necessary rate of speed will through the medium of the radiating suction-tubes create suction through the hollow journal and intermediate duct and in the source or device connected therewith, which will not only rapidly draw the water therefrom, but will also create a partial vacuum therein. The water will be discharged from the tube ends into the shell of the casing. From experience I am of the opinion that the revolving radiatingtubes will create an exceedingly strong suction through the hollow journal and enable the water and air, vapor, or gases to be withdrawn very rapidly and under considerable head or pressure from the source and that the suction will be most materially enhanced or increased by the double-cone contractions included in the radiating passages. The rotation of the same runner not only creates suction through the medium of the tubes, but through the medium of the runner-arms acting centrifugally on the iiuid in the casing suction or partial vacuum is maintained through the end duct k, and hence water is drawn from anothersource and through said end duct directly into the interior of the casing. The centrifugal action on all-this water in the casing caused bythe rapid rotation of the runner-head forces the water out through the discharge or uptake under a head or pressure which depends on the capacity and etticiencylot` the pump, which efficiency to a cer tain degree depends on the closeness of the tit of the ru nner-arms within the casingheads, other conditions being equal. In several ot' the examples shown in the drawings the water drawn into the casing-shell through and by the action of the radial suction-passages (however formed, whether by tubes or otherwise) is combined in the casing-shell with the water drawn in by the action of the runner head, and all of the water in the shell is acted IOO IIO

on by the centrifugal action of the rotating runner whatever its exterior form and forced through the single or common pump discharge under pressure. From experience'I am at present of the opinion that the'runnerarms cooperate with the suction-tubes in creating or maintaining a comparatively high degree of suction through said tubes, so that such a pump as I have described herein is of high eciency and'value for employment in many connections and under various conditions whether or not the end suction-d uct or its equivalent opening directly into the casing be employed.

' In the construction shown in Fig. 9 the pump is formed to draw from only one source and has only one suction inlet or duct, the

suction being maintained through thev medium of the radiating tubes. Hence the runner-head only coperates with `the tubes and forces the Water drawn through the tubes centrifugally under the necessary pressure from the pum p-casing through the tangential discharge. (Shown in other views of the drawings.) I hence show in said Fig. 9 a narrow runner-head having comparatively narrow runner-arms f3. -T-he casing is correspondingly modified to receive the narrow runner, and the end head j* has no suction-duct therethrough and is secured direct to the frame or base-plate.

In Fig. 10 I show a modied arrangement of pump having the casing-head 7'4 secured to the bed-plate and through which the ruuner-shaft passes without they suction -duct opening therethrough. The opposite end head j of the casing is shown with the central opening through .which the hollow journal passes, but said openingis considerably larger in internal diameter than the external diameter of said journal, forminga suction-duct around the same and opening into the pumpcasing. A pipe connection k.' is interposed between and secured to the said casing-head j' around said opening and the casing h. The

- hollow journal passes through thispipe lo and is packed in the casing h, as before described,

although said journal is shown in this View somewhat exaggerated in length for purposes ofillustration. Asuction-ductisthusformcd around, yet having no liquid communication with, said hollow journal. The said pipe 71: is;forrned as a T or with a lateral flanged branch 5' to receive ythe duct 5. (Shown in other views.) Both suction-ducts ofthe pump are shown concentrically arrangedand both openy through one head of the. casting, and

' consequently it is usually desirable in this connection to-form the runner-armsj about as shown in said Fig. 10, although the invention is not so limited.

I do not in all instances, as at present advised, desire to limit the broad features of my invention to the specific means shown for establishing suction communication between the rotating hollow journal and a duct-or chamber, although the arrangement shown Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is l In combination, in acentrifugal pump, a pump-casing having afdischarge, a rotary pump-runner exterior-ly formed with runnerarms to act centrifugally on the liquid in the charge, said-casing forming an annular wacasing and force the same through said dis-V ter-space circumferentially around said runner, said runner-provided witha series of 'suction-tubes of substantially uniform area and form in cross-section throughout-andA at their outer ends discharging into said annular water-space, and an axial suction-duct in direct suction communication with the inner ends of said tubes, substantially as described.

2. In acentrifugal pump, in combination, a

casing having a suction-opening and a dis-1v charge, and a rotary runner therein comprising a hollow hub, radiating arms or blades rigid with the hub, and suction -tubes arranged along said arms 4and at their inner` ends opening into said hub, and an axial suc tion-pipe opening into and rigid lwithisaid hub, substantially as described. V

3. A centrifugal pump comprising acasing,

and a rotary runner acting on the liquid in` -the casing, to force the same therefromunderx centrifugal pressure, Vsaid runner provided with radiating suction-passages at their outer ends discharging into the casing, ani axial suction pipe or duct in liquid and suction comm unicationwith theinner ends of all saidv passages, said passages formedat their inner ends with curved contracted portions, substantially asdescribed.

4. In combination, in a centrifugal pump,

a casing having a discharge, a rotary pump` runner exterior-ly formed .to drive the-Water centrifugally and circulate the same Withinf said casing, and provid-ed with outwardly-ex-r Itending suction-passages consisting of suction-tubes of substantially uniform area andiv form in cross-section throughoutand having exposed outerends opening directlyinto'the space'around said runner, and an axials'uc" tion-duct to the inner portions of said-passages, substantially as described. f

5. A centrifugal pump comprising a casing :havinga discharge and a suction Kductvopening directlyfinto )the interior thereof, a rotary- .pump-runner in the casing-exteriorly formed :to act centrifugally on the liquidwthinthe casing and -force the same-` through -saidfdischarge, said runner providedwithoutwardly- IOO IIO

extending suction-passages at their outer ends discharging directly into the casing, and a suction-duct in direct suction communication with the inner ends of said suction-passages, substantially as described.

46. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a circumferential discharge, a rotary runner in the casing cornprising a hub and runner-arms formed to act centrifugally on the water in the casing in driving the same outwardly to and around the circumferential portion of the casing, suction-tubes secured in the hub between said arms and extending outwardly along said arms and at their outer ends discharging into the circumferential portion of the casing, a hollow suction-journal in direct suction communication with the inner ends of said tubes, a suction-duct in communication with said journal, and a tight joint for said journal, substantially as described.

7. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a discharge, and a suction-inletopeningdirectlyinto theinterior of the casing, a rotary pump-runner exteriorly formed to act centrifugally on the water in the casing to create suction through'said inlet and drive the water through said discharge, a suction-duct rigid with and extending from said casing, said runner provided with a hollow suction-journal extending into and rotating in said duct and with suctionpassages at their outer ends discharging into the circumferential portion of the casing and at their inner ends in direct suction communication with said journal only, and a tight joint in said duct and around said journal,

whereby water is drawn into the casing through said inlet and also through said journal and passages, substantially as described.

8. In combination, a supporting-frame, a centrifugal-pump casing having an end opening, an outwardlyextending coupling secured thereto having a closed outer end and an induction-opening, a rotary runner, a drive-shaft therefor, a hollow journal rigid with the runner and projectinginto said coupling, said runner having radiating suctionpassages communicating with said journal, a packed joint in said coupling around said journal, and adjusting means for said joint extending to the exterior of said coupling,

substantially as described.

' inner ends thereof opening into said journal.

10. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a discharge, a rotary pump-runner comprising a hub, an axial suction-duct, outwardly and rearwardly extending runner-arms and aseries of suction-tubes at their inner ends secured in the hub in suction communication with said duct and from thence extending outwardly along -and conforming to the front faces of said arms, said casing forming a water-space circumferentially around said runner, the outer ends of said tubes opening directly into said space, substantially as described.

11. In acentrifugal pump, in combination, a rotary runner having a hollow journal and a series of suction-tubes at their inner ends in direct suction and liquid communication with said journal andhaving their open outer ends projecting beyond the outer circular path of the runner itself, substantially as described.

12. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a runner comprising outwardly-projecting runner-arms and rigid suction-tubes at their inner ends in direct suction communication with a suction-duct, the outer open ends of the tubes projecting beyond the circlein which the outer ends of said arms move, and each cut off at au angle, substantially as described.

13. In combination, in a centrifugal pump, a pump-runner having an axial suction-duct and a series of outwardly-extending suctionpassages opening into the pump-casing at their outer ends and at their inner ends opening into said suction-duct, each suction-passage having an internal oppositely tapered or curved contraction.

14e. In combination, in a centrifugal pump, a rotary pump-runner having a hollow hub with a supply or suction duct thereto and outwardly projecting suction passages at their inner ends communicating with said duct and at their inner portions provided with oppositely-tapered or double-cone contracted suctionl nozzles or portions, substantially as described.

15. A centrifugal-pump runner comprising a hollow hub with radiating runner-arms and having a shaft and a hollow journal, a suction-duct receiving said journal, a packed joint in said duct for said journal, and a series of outwardly-projecting removable suction-tubes between said arms and at their inner ends secured in said hub, substantially as described.

1G. In a centrifugal pump, in'combination, a pump-casing having a circumferential water-space and a discharge, a rotary pumprunner exteriorly formed to act centrifugally on the liquid in the casing and drive the liquid to and circulate the same in said space, said runner provided with suction-passages of substantially uniform area and form in cross-section throughout having longitudinally-exposed tube-like outer ends discharging directly into said space, and a suctionduct in direct suction communication with the inner ends of said passages, substantially as described.

17. In combination, a centrifugal-pump IIO shell, a casing rigid with and 'extending lat-V erally therefrom, a rotary pump-runner having a hollow journal in said casing, a packed joint in said casing for said journal, a gland in the casing for said joint, gland-adjusting means extending to the exterior of the-casing, a suction-duct to the casing and said journal, said runner having radiating suction-pasages communicating with said journal and discharginginto the pu n1p-shell,substantially as described. t

18. In combination, a centrifugalpump shell having a laterally-projecting casing, a rotary pump-runner havinga hollow journal in said casing and suction discharge-passages from the journal opening into the shell, a packed joint within the casing around said journal, a gland on the journal, means holding the gland against rotation, a duct opening into said casing opposite said gland, said gland `having an inlet-opening establishing liquid and suction communication from said l duct through said journal, and an adjustingbolt passing through the casing tolongitudinally adjust the gland, substantially as described.

19. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing havinga circumferential water space or shell with a discharge, a rotary pump-runner in said casing, surrounded by said water-space, and comprising a hub and .outwardly-projecting runner-arms, said runner provided with aprojecting hollowjournal and a series of suction-passages-at their inner ends opening into' said journal and at their outer ends projected beyond said arms and discharging directly into said water-space within thel casing, a suction-duct in direct suction communication with the outer end ofthe-journal, and a joint around'an intermediate portion of said journal and shutting off direct communication between said duct and the interior of the pump-casing, substantially as described.

20. In a centrifugal pump, the combinationjournal fitting snugly in said coupling and atv its outer end in direct suction communication with said suction-opening of said coupling, and a packing in said coupling and around said journal,substantially as described.'

- 21. In combination, a centrifugal-pump casinghavinga discharge,a rotary runner having suction-ducts `discharging-into the casing i and a hollow journal discharging to the inner ends of said passages, an inlet-duct, a coupling therefrom -to said hollowk journal lplacing the journal in direct suction communication with said duct and a packed joint between the journal and coupling and comprising an .adjustable gland in the coupling and receiving said journal and held against axial movement, and having a side inlet-opening, substantially as described. Y

22. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a circumferential water-space with a discharge, a rotary pumprunner fitted in the casing andsurrounded by said space and exteriorly formed to forcethe water in the casing centrifugally into, said space and circulate the same therein, said runner provided with a hollow journal and with radiatingsuction-passages atftheir inner ends opening into said journalV and having their outer ends projected beyond the outer circle of movement of-said runner and discharging directlyinto said water-space, asupplyor suction duct opening to said hollow journal, and a liquid-tight joint around said journal, substantially as described.

23. A centrifugal pump having its runner provided vwith a hollow suction-journal, a casing having an inlet-port, said journal projecting into said casing and having an inlet-opening therein, a packed joint in the casing for said journal comprising a gland in ,whichthe journal rotates, means for holding' the gland against axial movement,and means accessible from the. exterior of the pump for adjusting the gland longitudinally of the journal, substantiallyas described.

24. In combination,a casing,a rotarypu mprunner therein having a projecting hollow.

suction-journal, a T-coupling secured to the casing and receiving the journal, packing in the vcoupling around the journal, a sleeve in ,the coupling embracinglthe journal for adjusting the packing, and a screw from the exterior of the'coupling for adjusting said sleeveV longitudinally, substantially asdescribed.v l

25. In combination, a centrifugalpump `casing having a coupling secured to a head thereof with a closedo'uter end and an annu- `lar internal shoulder, a pump-runnerhavingA a hollow suction-journal.projecting into said` coupling, packingin thecoupling around said journal and at said shoulder, a sleeve inthe coupling around said journal and. opposing said packing and having a side inlet-opening'` and a closed outer end, apin passingthrough said ed to the outer end of the coupling, and

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a screw adjustable through theouter end of Y stantiallyas described. v y f Y,

diating suction-passages provided with contracted suction-.nozzles at .their vinner inletends, and a suction-duct discharging4 to the inner ends ofsaid passages, substantially as idescribed. V- i 27. A centrifugal-pump runnerhavingiraidiating suction-passages and separate suc-.-

tion-nozzles or contracted sections included therein, and an axial suction-duct discharging to said passages, substantially as described.

2S. A centrifugal-pump runner comprising radiating suction-passages at their outer ends discharging centrifugally into the pump-casing and an axial supply-duct to their inner ends, separate contracted suction sections or nozzles included in said passages and means for securing the same, whereby various nozzles can he used interchangeably with the same passages, substantially as described.

29. A centrifugal-pump runner having an axial supply-duct, and radiating suction-passages opening into said duct, separate contracted pipe sections or nozzles in said passages,and outwardl y-proj ectin g suction-tubes at their inner ends secured in 'said passages in outward continuation of said nozzles, substantially as described.

30. A centrifugal-pump runner having a hollow hub formed with radial passages, shoulders at the inner ends thereof, tube-sections in said passages at their inner ends abutting against said Shoulders, and outwardly-projecting suction-tubes at their inner ends removably secured in said passages and abutting against said sections, substantially as described.

3l. A centrifugal-pump runner having a hollow hub with an axial suction-duct, rigid radiating runner-arms and outwardly-extending suction-tubes arranged between said arms and creating suction in and drawing the liquid from said duct through the centrifugal action caused. by the rapid rotation of the runner, said tubes at their inner ends independently and removably secured in said hub, substantially as described.

32. A centrifugal-pump runner, having a hollow hub and an axial supply-duct thereto, and outwardly-projecting suction-tubes therefrom having removable contracted suctionsectionslocated in said hub,whereby the tubes can be employed with or without said scctions.

33. In a centrifugal pump the combination of a pump-casing having a circumferential discharge and a suction-duct opening directly into said casing, a rotary pump-runner rotating close to the walls of the casing and creating suction through said duct by centrifugal action on the liquid in the casing at the exterior of the runner, a hollow journal for said runner, a suction-duct in direct communication therewith, a packed joint around said journal, said runner having radiating suction-passages at their outer ends discharging intov the circumferential portion of the pump-casing and at their inner ends all in communication with said hollow journal, said radiating suction-passages shut off from suction communication except through said hollow journal.

3i. Acentrifugalpumpcomprisingacasing having a discharge and an axial suction-duct opening into the interior of the casing at the exterior of the runner, and a rotary runner in the casing, exteriorly formed to centrifugally drive the Water in said casing to create suction through said axial duct, and having suction -passages therethrough discharging centrifugally into the casing, and a suctionduct discharging into and supplying said passages, the capacity of said passages being different froni that of said casing suction-duct, substantially as described.

35. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a discharge, a rotary pump-runner therein and comprising radiating runner-arms acting centrifugally on the water in the casing to force the same therefrom under pressure and create suction therein, said runner provided with a hollow journal, a suction-duct in which said journal rotates, said runner formed with radiating suction-passages arranged longitudinally of said arms with their outer end portions exposed at the front faces of said arms and discharging directly outwardly about at the ends of the arms Aand with their inner ends in direct suction communication with said hollow journal, substantially as described.

36. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing, a pump-runner in the casing having radial suction-passages at their outer ends discharginginto the casing, a hollow journal rigid with the runner and in communication with the inner ends of said passages, a T-coupling secured to the casing, said journal extending longitudinally into one branch of the T, another branch of the T forming a suction-opening, a packed joint in said first-named branch of the T and around said journal, a bushing arranged longitudinally in said coupling and around and projecting beyond the journal end and having an opening establishing suction communication between said journal and said suction-opening of the T, and means for adjusting said bushing longitudinally of said journal, substantially a`s described.

37. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing, a T-coupling secured thereto, a pump-runner in the casing having a hollow journal projecting into and provided with a tight joint in one oit' the branches of said T, a bushing arranged longitudinally in said coupling around said journal and maintaining said joint, said bushing having a side opening opposite the intermediate branch of said T, a duct secured on said side branch of the T, the remaining branch of the T being closed and provided with means for adjusting said bushing, substantially as described.

3S. In acentrifugal pump, the combination of a pump-casing having a discharge and a lateral extension with a supply-opening, a rotary pump-runner in the casing exteriorly formed to centrifugally drive the water in the casing and force the same through said discharge, said runner having outwardly-extending suction-passages discharging into the casing and a hollow suction-journal discharging IIO into said passages and extending longitudi-V nally into said extension, a packed joint for said journal, a longitudinally-slidable bushing fitted on and projecting beyond said jonrnal and through which suction communication ismaintained between said l1`ournal and said opening said bushing fitted snugly within and approximately throughout the length of saidextension, and means for adjusting said bushing, substantially as described.

39. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of av pump-casing, a rotary pump-runner therein having a hollow suction-journal and provided with suction-passages at their inner ends in direct suction communication with said journal andat their outer ends opening outwardly directly into the interior of said casing beyond the outer circle of movement of the runner itself, the planes of said discharge-openings of said passages being included in the circlein which said discharge ends of the passages move, substantially as described.

40. In a centrifugal pump, the combination pump-runner therein, said casing forming'a waterspace circumferentially around said runner, said runner exteriorly` formed to act centrifugally on the Water in the casing in driving the same therefrom through said discharge, and provided with outwardly and rearwardly curved exposed tubular suctionpassages at their outer ends opening outwardly directlyinto said water-space so that the water therein sweeps transversely across said open ends as the runner rotates, an axial suction-duct in suction `communication with the inner ends of said suction-passages and means shutting off said suction-duet from communication Vwith the casing interior eX- cept through said passages, substantially as described.

In testimonyT whereof 'I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHNv D. MCRAE. Witnesses:

W. V. BURR, F. J. CURRIE.

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