US6623440B1 - Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use - Google Patents
Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6623440B1 US6623440B1 US09/717,183 US71718300A US6623440B1 US 6623440 B1 US6623440 B1 US 6623440B1 US 71718300 A US71718300 A US 71718300A US 6623440 B1 US6623440 B1 US 6623440B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- topical anesthetic
- area
- topical
- penetration
- abrasive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/04—Endoscopic instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/0045—Devices for taking samples of body liquids
- A61B10/0051—Devices for taking samples of body liquids for taking saliva or sputum samples
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel applicator for topical anesthetics and a method using said novel applicator which provides for pain-free injections in mucosa by the application of a topical anesthetic followed by an injection limited to penetrate the mucosa only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic.
- Topical anesthetics are well known in dental applications and are used to anesthetize oral tissues prior to performing certain dental procedures, such as scaling, root planing, polishing, probing, needle injection for nerve blockages, restorative bonding, suture removal, gingival curettage, tissue grafting, application of antibiotic fibers into periodontal pockets, and soft tissue biopsies.
- the typical technique for application of the topical anesthetic during dental or oral surgeries involves the use of anesthetic supplied in gel or liquid form.
- the dentist dips an absorbent swab, made of cotton, foam, polymer or gel matrix, or the like, into the anesthetic and then transfers the anesthetic to the desired location in the patient's mouth.
- a hypodermic syringe is used for delivery of further medications.
- the depth of penetration of the hypodermic exceeds the limited area of penetration of the topical anesthetic which is in the range of 2-4 mm.
- the topical anesthetic reduces the amount of pain experienced prior to the hypodermic injection, the procedure is still painful due to the deeper, unlimited penetration of the hypodermic syringe.
- topical anesthetics are less effective when applied by swab to certain oral mucosa which are keratinized, such as the palate, due to reduced penetration through the keratin layer as compared to other mucosal surfaces. Deeper penetrations of topical anesthetic into keratinized mucosa may also take as long as 2 to 4 hours.
- the present invention provides a method that controls the depth of penetration of the hypodermic syringe.
- the syringe is limited in depth of penetration to the depth of mucosa anesthetized by the application of the topical anesthetic.
- the method also employs a novel applicator designed to increase the penetration of the topical anesthetic into keratinized mucosa.
- the present invention is a method and means for accomplishing pain-free injection in mucosa, specifically in dental applications.
- the method is accomplished by applying a topical anesthetic to the desired mucosal area by means of a novel applicator swab, comprising a handle on which is attached an absorbent material and an abrasive portion.
- the swab is dipped in topical anesthetic and placed at the desired oral location, where the abrasive portion is used to mildly abrade the oral mucosa. Immediate contact with the topical anesthetic to the slightly abraded area greatly increases the degree of penetration of the topical anesthetic into the oral tissues.
- the application of the topical is then followed with an injection which penetrates the tissues only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic.
- Various devices of fixed length may be used which limit the penetration of the injection such as a drastically truncated syringe needle, a sheath fitted to and covering the needle, a needle shield, and a speculum.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the novel applicator swab.
- the preferred method of pain-free injection involves the use of a novel topical applicator 1 as illustrated by FIG. 1, comprising a grippable member 5 , to one end of which is affixed an absorbent means 2 for holding a topical anesthetic and an abrasive means 3 for enhancing the depth of penetration of the topical anesthetic when applied to dental mucosa, and the other end of which comprises a handle 4 . Further medications are then delivered into the area of mucosa anesthetized by the topical by means of a device controlling the depth of penetration of a hypodermic syringe.
- the grippable member may be made of any material such as wood, metal, or plastic which can be gripped by hand and to which the absorbent and abrasive means may be affixed.
- An alternative embodiment may eliminate the grippable member entirely, comprising simply an absorbent material in combination with an abrasive means which is directly hand held.
- the abrasive means may be any material, such as sand paper or other grit-type abrasive, bristles, rough cloth, or the like which can be affixed to the grippable member and which is capable of abrading keratinized mucosal tissue.
- the absorbent means may be any absorbent material capable of being affixed to the grippable member and capable of absorbing a quantity of topical anesthetic.
- Such materials include, but are not limited to spun cotton or non-woven fibers, foam, or polymer or gel matrix.
- the absorbent material may also be pre-treated and packaged with the topical anesthetic.
- the physician first dips the absorbent means of the applicator into topical anesthetic.
- the physician then lightly abrades the desired oral site with the abrasive means, followed immediately by applying the absorbent means containing the topical anesthetic to the abraded mucosal area.
- the application of the topical anesthetic is followed by an injection given by an injection device in which the depth of the injection is automatically limited to penetrate only into the area anesthetized by the topical. As a result, the patient experiences greatly reduced discomfort and pain.
- the dipping step may be eliminated, if the absorbent material comes pre-treated with the topical.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a novel applicator for topical anesthetics and a method using said novel applicator which provides for pain-free injections in mucosa by the application of a topical anesthetic followed by an injection limited to penetrate the mucosa only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic. The method is accomplished by applying a topical anesthetic to the desired mucosal area by means of a novel applicator swab, comprising a handle on which is attached an absorbent material and an abrasive portion. The swab is dipped in topical anesthetic and placed at the desired oral location, where the abrasive portion is used to mildly abrade the oral mucosa. The application of the topical is then followed with an injection which penetrates the tissues only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic.
Description
This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/166,879 filed Nov. 22, 1999, fully incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a novel applicator for topical anesthetics and a method using said novel applicator which provides for pain-free injections in mucosa by the application of a topical anesthetic followed by an injection limited to penetrate the mucosa only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic.
It is estimated that 50% of dental patients avoid treatment because of the expected pain, especially pain produced by needles and injections. In addition, stress, in the form of pain, reduces a patient's immunological response. As a result, post-operative recovery times can be extended and the risk of complications increased.
Topical anesthetics are well known in dental applications and are used to anesthetize oral tissues prior to performing certain dental procedures, such as scaling, root planing, polishing, probing, needle injection for nerve blockages, restorative bonding, suture removal, gingival curettage, tissue grafting, application of antibiotic fibers into periodontal pockets, and soft tissue biopsies.
The typical technique for application of the topical anesthetic during dental or oral surgeries involves the use of anesthetic supplied in gel or liquid form. The dentist dips an absorbent swab, made of cotton, foam, polymer or gel matrix, or the like, into the anesthetic and then transfers the anesthetic to the desired location in the patient's mouth. After the topical has anesthetized the area, a hypodermic syringe is used for delivery of further medications.
There are several drawbacks to the conventional method. First, the depth of penetration of the hypodermic exceeds the limited area of penetration of the topical anesthetic which is in the range of 2-4 mm. As a result, although the topical anesthetic reduces the amount of pain experienced prior to the hypodermic injection, the procedure is still painful due to the deeper, unlimited penetration of the hypodermic syringe. In addition, topical anesthetics are less effective when applied by swab to certain oral mucosa which are keratinized, such as the palate, due to reduced penetration through the keratin layer as compared to other mucosal surfaces. Deeper penetrations of topical anesthetic into keratinized mucosa may also take as long as 2 to 4 hours.
Unlike these other systems, the present invention provides a method that controls the depth of penetration of the hypodermic syringe. The syringe is limited in depth of penetration to the depth of mucosa anesthetized by the application of the topical anesthetic. As a result, the patient experiences greatly reduced pain. This in turn leads to shortened recovery time, reduced complications and increases the likelihood that patients in need of treatment will actually seek treatment. The method also employs a novel applicator designed to increase the penetration of the topical anesthetic into keratinized mucosa.
The present invention is a method and means for accomplishing pain-free injection in mucosa, specifically in dental applications. The method is accomplished by applying a topical anesthetic to the desired mucosal area by means of a novel applicator swab, comprising a handle on which is attached an absorbent material and an abrasive portion. The swab is dipped in topical anesthetic and placed at the desired oral location, where the abrasive portion is used to mildly abrade the oral mucosa. Immediate contact with the topical anesthetic to the slightly abraded area greatly increases the degree of penetration of the topical anesthetic into the oral tissues. The application of the topical is then followed with an injection which penetrates the tissues only to the extent of penetration of the topical anesthetic. Various devices of fixed length may be used which limit the penetration of the injection such as a drastically truncated syringe needle, a sheath fitted to and covering the needle, a needle shield, and a speculum.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the novel applicator swab.
The preferred method of pain-free injection involves the use of a novel topical applicator 1 as illustrated by FIG. 1, comprising a grippable member 5, to one end of which is affixed an absorbent means 2 for holding a topical anesthetic and an abrasive means 3 for enhancing the depth of penetration of the topical anesthetic when applied to dental mucosa, and the other end of which comprises a handle 4. Further medications are then delivered into the area of mucosa anesthetized by the topical by means of a device controlling the depth of penetration of a hypodermic syringe.
The grippable member may be made of any material such as wood, metal, or plastic which can be gripped by hand and to which the absorbent and abrasive means may be affixed. An alternative embodiment may eliminate the grippable member entirely, comprising simply an absorbent material in combination with an abrasive means which is directly hand held.
The abrasive means may be any material, such as sand paper or other grit-type abrasive, bristles, rough cloth, or the like which can be affixed to the grippable member and which is capable of abrading keratinized mucosal tissue.
The absorbent means may be any absorbent material capable of being affixed to the grippable member and capable of absorbing a quantity of topical anesthetic. Such materials include, but are not limited to spun cotton or non-woven fibers, foam, or polymer or gel matrix. The absorbent material may also be pre-treated and packaged with the topical anesthetic.
To perform the method, the physician first dips the absorbent means of the applicator into topical anesthetic. The physician then lightly abrades the desired oral site with the abrasive means, followed immediately by applying the absorbent means containing the topical anesthetic to the abraded mucosal area. The application of the topical anesthetic is followed by an injection given by an injection device in which the depth of the injection is automatically limited to penetrate only into the area anesthetized by the topical. As a result, the patient experiences greatly reduced discomfort and pain.
The dipping step may be eliminated, if the absorbent material comes pre-treated with the topical.
While I have illustrated and described several embodiments of my invention herein, it will be understood that these are by way of illustration only and that various changes and modifications may be contemplated in my invention and within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A novel applicator comprising:
an absorbent material; and an abrasive material combined with or attached to said absorbent material, wherein said abrasive material is capable of abrading mucosal tissue, wherein said abrasive material is a grit abrasive or rough cloth.
2. A novel applicator comprising:
a grippable member; an absorbent material affixed to said grippable member; and an abrasive material also affixed to said grippable member, wherein said abrasive material is capable of abrading mucosal tissue, wherein said absorbent material is spun cotton fibers or non-woven fibers, and wherein said abrasive material is a grit abrasive or rough cloth.
3. A novel applicator comprising:
a grippable member having proximal and distal ends, said proximal end of which comprises a handle; an absorbent material affixed to said distal end; an abrasive material also affixed to said distal end; and wherein said abrasive material is capable of abrading mucosal tissue, wherein said absorbent material is spun cotton fibers or non-woven fibers, and wherein said abrasive material is a grit abrasive or rough cloth.
4. A method for enhancing the depth of penetration of a topical anesthetic into keratinized tissue comprising:
providing a novel applicator comprising an absorbent material and an abrasive material;
abrading an area of mucosal tissue with said novel applicator;
applying a topical anesthetic to said absorbent material; and
applying said topical anesthetic to said area of mucosal tissues.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the novel applicator is pre-treated with topical anesthetic.
6. A method for pain-free injections in mucosal tissues comprising:
providing a novel applicator comprising an absorbent material and an abrasive material;
abrading an area of mucosal tissue;
applying topical anesthetic to an area of mucosal tissues;
allowing penetration into said area by said topical anesthetic; and
injecting medications into said area no deeper than said penetration by said topical anesthetic.
7. A method for pain-free injections in mucosal tissues comprising:
abrading an area of mucosal tissue;
applying a topical anesthetic to said area;
allowing penetration into said area by said topical anesthetic; and
injecting medications into said area no deeper than said penetration by said topical anesthetic.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/717,183 US6623440B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2000-11-21 | Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16687999P | 1999-11-22 | 1999-11-22 | |
US09/717,183 US6623440B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2000-11-21 | Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6623440B1 true US6623440B1 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
Family
ID=28044373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/717,183 Expired - Fee Related US6623440B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2000-11-21 | Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6623440B1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050138741A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-06-30 | Singhal Tara C. | Integrated apparatus for teeth cleaning |
US20060239757A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2006-10-26 | Giniger Martin S | Application and/or carrying devices for oral care compositions |
US20070282222A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Daniel Larkin | Sexually transmitted infection sampling device |
US7749173B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-07-06 | Daniel Larkin | Apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US20100249649A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2010-09-30 | Daniel Larkin | Method and apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US7842007B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2010-11-30 | Clawson Burrell E | Apparatus and methods for isolating human body areas for localized cooling |
US20120283616A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Colson Edme | Swab applicator and methods of use |
US8696227B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2014-04-15 | Thaddeus Carter | Single use topical anesthetic applicator |
WO2019005759A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-03 | Statim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for rapid transmucosal drug delivery |
US11364020B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2022-06-21 | Techmed Ventures, Llc | Brush biopsy device, kit and method |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2127094A (en) * | 1934-10-29 | 1938-08-16 | Oscar A Strauss | Means and method of vaginal treatment |
US3018778A (en) * | 1960-02-16 | 1962-01-30 | Brilliant Herbert | Swab |
US4767398A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1988-08-30 | Chesebrough-Pond's Inc. | Swab applicator comprising a flock swab tip |
US5214821A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1993-06-01 | The Morgan Crucible Company Plc | Low contamination swab employing tubular knit fabric |
US5214820A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-06-01 | Shumway Craig S | Dish scrubber |
US5715559A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-10 | Mitri; George | Cleaning tool |
US5762494A (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-06-09 | Archambault; Gregory A. | Applicator device and method |
US5829976A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1998-11-03 | Green; Warren F. | Medicament-containing interproximal dental brush |
US5878459A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-03-09 | Mcparland; Kelly | Toilet brush |
US6119296A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-09-19 | Noe; Dennis | All-sided mouthbrush |
US6258044B1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2001-07-10 | Oralscan/Trylon Joint Venture | Apparatus and method for obtaining transepithelial specimen of a body surface using a non-lacerating technique |
US6297044B1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2001-10-02 | Oralscan Laboratories, Inc. | Minimally invasive apparatus for testing lesions of the oral cavity and similar epithelium |
-
2000
- 2000-11-21 US US09/717,183 patent/US6623440B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2127094A (en) * | 1934-10-29 | 1938-08-16 | Oscar A Strauss | Means and method of vaginal treatment |
US3018778A (en) * | 1960-02-16 | 1962-01-30 | Brilliant Herbert | Swab |
US4767398A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1988-08-30 | Chesebrough-Pond's Inc. | Swab applicator comprising a flock swab tip |
US5214821A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1993-06-01 | The Morgan Crucible Company Plc | Low contamination swab employing tubular knit fabric |
US5214820A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-06-01 | Shumway Craig S | Dish scrubber |
US5829976A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1998-11-03 | Green; Warren F. | Medicament-containing interproximal dental brush |
US5715559A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-10 | Mitri; George | Cleaning tool |
US5762494A (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-06-09 | Archambault; Gregory A. | Applicator device and method |
US5878459A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-03-09 | Mcparland; Kelly | Toilet brush |
US6258044B1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2001-07-10 | Oralscan/Trylon Joint Venture | Apparatus and method for obtaining transepithelial specimen of a body surface using a non-lacerating technique |
US6119296A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-09-19 | Noe; Dennis | All-sided mouthbrush |
US6297044B1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2001-10-02 | Oralscan Laboratories, Inc. | Minimally invasive apparatus for testing lesions of the oral cavity and similar epithelium |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050138741A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-06-30 | Singhal Tara C. | Integrated apparatus for teeth cleaning |
US7607188B2 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2009-10-27 | Tara Chand Singhal | Integrated apparatus for teeth cleaning |
US7842007B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2010-11-30 | Clawson Burrell E | Apparatus and methods for isolating human body areas for localized cooling |
US20060239757A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2006-10-26 | Giniger Martin S | Application and/or carrying devices for oral care compositions |
US8251918B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2012-08-28 | Daniel Larkin | Method and apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US20100249649A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2010-09-30 | Daniel Larkin | Method and apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US7749173B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-07-06 | Daniel Larkin | Apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US20100305472A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2010-12-02 | Daniel Larkin | Method and apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US20070282222A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Daniel Larkin | Sexually transmitted infection sampling device |
US8323211B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2012-12-04 | Daniel Larkin | Sexually transmitted infection sampling device |
US8439847B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2013-05-14 | Daniel Larkin | Method and apparatus for simultaneously collecting exocervical and endocervical samples |
US20120283616A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Colson Edme | Swab applicator and methods of use |
US8551031B2 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2013-10-08 | Colson Edme | Swab applicator and methods of use |
US8696227B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2014-04-15 | Thaddeus Carter | Single use topical anesthetic applicator |
US11364020B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2022-06-21 | Techmed Ventures, Llc | Brush biopsy device, kit and method |
WO2019005759A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-03 | Statim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for rapid transmucosal drug delivery |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5639238A (en) | Methods for the vibrational treatment of oral tissue and dental materials | |
US20080086159A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for reducing or eliminating the pain associated with an injection | |
US5173050A (en) | Dental cortical plate perforator | |
US5762494A (en) | Applicator device and method | |
Hardy et al. | Direct irrigation and subgingival plaque | |
US4747824A (en) | Hypodermic anesthetic injection method | |
Kakaboura et al. | A comparative clinical study on the Carisolv caries removal method. | |
US4681544A (en) | Oral pack retention system | |
US7198623B2 (en) | Fiber-coated dental infusor systems and methods of use | |
US6623440B1 (en) | Topical anesthetic applicator and method of use | |
Friedman et al. | P‐ASA block injection: a new palatal technique to anesthetize maxillary anterior teeth | |
Meechan | Practical dental local anaesthesia | |
US4570653A (en) | Tooth cleaning and flossing device | |
US5088925A (en) | Instrument and method for administering an injectable anesthetic | |
Kamath et al. | Advances in gingival retraction | |
Lilienthal | A clinical appraisal of intraosseous dental anesthesia | |
US5057013A (en) | Dental cortical plate perforator | |
US6560975B1 (en) | Method and means for pain-free dental injections | |
US20120130340A1 (en) | Tissue Desensitization Instrument & Method | |
Gallatin et al. | A comparison of injection pain and postoperative pain of two intraosseous anesthetic techniques. | |
Gunasekaran et al. | Local anaesthesia in pediatric dentistry: an overview | |
WO1997020588A9 (en) | Apparatus and method of reducing the pain of a subcutaneous injection | |
US6364862B1 (en) | Single pad for providing both an anesthetic and an antiseptic for an injection site | |
US20070218421A1 (en) | Procedure and device enabling facile tooth impression | |
CA2243945A1 (en) | Apparatus and method of reducing the pain of a subcutaneous injection |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20070923 |