US644566A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 644,566. Patented Mar. 6, I900.

= B. M. ASLAKSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

(Application filed Oct. '17, 1898.)

2 Sheets-$heet I.

(No Model.)

L fi z.

No. 644,566. Patented Mar. 6, I900. B. m. ASLAKSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Idlllllll wig NORRIS PETERS 00,. Fno'roumo WASHINGYON a NITEDI STATE BAXTER M. ASLAKSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGlNl-I.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 644,566, dated March 6, 1900.

Application filed October 17, 1898- Serial No. 693,731. (No model.)

To (tZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BAXTER M. ASLAKSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

class of internal-combustion engines in which the motive fluid employed consists of a mixture of air and vaporized, oil and in which such motive fluid is drawn or sucked into the piston-cylinder by the action of the piston and then exploded by any suitable igniting device. As essential features an engine operating upon this principle usually comprises a piston and piston-cylinder, a crank-shaft provided with a balance-wheel and with which the said piston is connected, suitable supply and exhaust valves and means for operating the same, a mixing-chamber wherein the air and vapor are mixed preparatory to admitting the mixture to the piston-cylinder, and a mixer or device for regulating or controlling the admission of oil to the said mixingchamber.

The object of my invention, generally 7 stated, is to increase or raise the efficiency of internal-combustion engines. Certain special objects are to insure, with regard to quantity, a uniform and invariable admission of oil to the mixing-chamber; to avoid lifting or raising the oil into the mixing-chamber by means of the vacuum created by the piston within the cylinder; to insure a supply of oil to the mixing-chamber at all times of a uniform quality and character; to provide a simple and compact mixer capable of draining itself free of oil when the engine stops running; to permit a free and unrestricted flow of the oil 5 to provide a simple arrangement for regulating the admission, and also to provide certain details tending to increase the general efficiency.

To the attainment of the foregoing and other useful ends my invention contemplates a mixer having a supply-duct through which is maintained a constant, uniform, and nonregulated flow of oil and having also a valved admission-duct leading laterally from the supply-duct to the mixing-chamber. The supply-duct is preferably straight and of a uniform size or diameter throughout its length and arranged to lead directlydownward from the bottom of a suitable overflow-chamber. With such arrangement the flow of oil through the supply-duct will be due to gravity alone, and consequently the successive admissions 1 of oil to the mixing-chamber will be of alike My invention relates to that well-known or uniform character. The arrangementalso tends to reserve or hold in check the lighter and more volatile portions of the oil, and for this reason it will be seen that the quality of the oil admitted to the mixing-chamber will be substantially the same from first to last.

Other advantages and features of improvement will hereinafter more fully appear. In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an internal-combustion engine provided with a mixerconstructed in accordance with. my invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the mixer on an enlarged scale. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the mixer on the same scale. Fig. lis a side elevation of the mixer, a part of the central portion thereof being broken away for the purpose of illustration and a portion of the mixingchamber being also shown. Fig. 5 is a section on linea: 0c in Fig. 2.

The engineillustrated comprises in general the mixer A, a mixing-chamber B, a pistoncylinder C, supply and exhaust valves D and E, an air-supply pipe F, leading to the mixing-chamber, an exhaust-pipe G, and an oilpump H, connected by a pipe h with the said mixer, it being understood that the engineis also provided with the usual piston, having suitable connection with the crank-shaft I. The pump His conveniently operated by the crank-shaft I through the medium of any suitable connection therewith, andthe oil to be supplied to the mixer may be contained in any suitable tank or reservoir. In Fig. 1 such tank or reservoir is shown (in dotted lines) as being located within the base of the engine and connected by the pipes h and IL2, respectively, with the pump and the mixer. By this latter arrangement the oil will be drawn from the tank by the pump H and by the latter forced through pipe h to the top of the mixer. From the top of the mixer the oil will enter the tank.

' 4, and 5, it will be seen that the said mixer A, considered externally, consists of a compact and symmetrical casting comprising upper and lower cylindric portions to and a, a middle portion a, and intermediate or connecting portions a a and a a. The portion a incloses an overflow-chamber a while the portion a serves to inclose what may for convenience be termed a receiving-chamber a Extending downwardly from the bottom of the overflow-chamber to the receivingchamberand through the portions (1, a, and a is what I term, for reasons hereinafter fullyexplained,a supply or gravity duct a. Leading laterally from the said duct to and communicating with the said mixingchamber B (see Figs. 3, 4,and 5) is an admission-duct a, while extending downwardly through portions a a and a to the chamber a is an overflow or by-pass duct a, which serves to connect the latter with the upper portion of the said overflow-chamber M.

In operation the oil is drawn from the tank and forced through pipe 7t, as previously described, and discharged into the overflowchamber (L The oil continuing thus to flow by reason of the constant operation of the pump will fill the said chamber a to an extent or height sufficient to cause an overflow therefrom, and such overflow of oil then descending by way of the duct a will be received by the chamber a and from the latter returned to the tank by way of the pipe h Simultaneously with such fi ow, however, a certain quantity of oil will descend from the overflow-chamber by way of the duct a" and, dropping into the receiving-chamber,also return to the said tank or reservoir. A constant flow of oil through the ducts a and a is in this way secured, and while the How through the latter may vary to some extent the flow through the former will be substantially the same at all times. The flow of oil through the duct a" is due to gravity alone, and while any increase in the pumping action would necessarily result in an increase of flow through the duct a such change would obviously have no effect upon the speed of flow through the duct a". The only requisite, therefore, to insure a constant and invariable flow of oil through the said duct a" is a pumping action sufficient at all times to keep the overflow-chamber full.

\Vhen a vacuum is formed within the mixing-chamber B by the action of the piston, a small quantity of oil will be drawn or deflected from the duct a into and through the admission-duct a and then entering the mixing-chamber will vaporize and mix with the air, which latter is also drawn into the chamber B by the action of the piston. The admission-duct a may be of any ordinary or suitable formation; but as a matter of further improvement such duct consists of two portions 1 and 2, the latter relatively short and entirely within the metal of the casting, while the former is relatively long,

bent at its inner end, so as to join the said portion 2,and bored through the stem or shank of the rotary valve a. By this arrangement the admission of oil to the mixing-chamber may be controlled or regulated at will by turning or partially rotating the valve so as to bring the two portions 1 and 2 of the duct a more or less out of register. In this way the valve serves as a means for throttling the admissions, and for this reason my invention may be said to contemplate not only a gravity-duct, through which a constant and non-regulated flow of oil is maintained, but also a lateral admission-duct having a throttle-valve for throttling or varying the admissions; or, in other words, my invention contemplates an internal-combustion engine in which the oil is permitted to have a free and unrestricted flow through a supply-duct and in which the running of the engine is controlled by throttling the admissions through the lateral admission-duct rather than by checking or varying the flow of oil. A coilspring or, is interposed between the handwheel a of the said valve and the portion a of the mixer, and to hold the valve in place against such spring-pressure the valvestem is conveniently threaded and screwed into the mixer, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The said hand wheel is provided with a pointer a, and the flat surface of the portion a of the mixer is marked or graduatedas, for instance, at a (see Fig. 2) whereby the operator may give the valve the proper and desired degree of rotation. The valve when thus turned will be firmly held in such position by the pressure or friction of the spring a, and in this way the size of the admission-duct may practically be changed or varied according to requirements. The mixer is conveniently secured to the mixing-chamber by bolts or screws extending through the bolt-holes a". The duct a as compared with the duct a is preferably relatively small and of uniform diameter from top to bottom. The relative size of the two ducts may, however, be varied to some extent without departing from the spirit of my invention, as all that is required is a by-pass duct sufficiently large to insure at all times an unrestricted flow or escape of the overflow, for it will be readily understood that such free and unrestricted escape of the overflow is necessary in order to avoid pressure in the overflow-chamber and a consequent and undesirable pressure in the duct to. The flow of oil through the d not a should preferably and at all times be due entirely to gravity, as any pump-pressure communicated to such duct would obviously result in an undesirable flow of oil through the duct a and thence into the mixing-chamber. The shape or formation of the duct a may also be varied somewhat without departing from the spirit of my invention, providing such change or variation does not for reasons just explained result in creating pressure within the said duct.

For instance, it would hardly be desirable to make the lower end of the duct smaller than the middle portion, though it is clearly evident that that portion of the duct above the admission duct could be enlarged without harmful results. However, -as previously stated, I find it preferable to provide a straight vertical supply-duct, as by so doing I secure a uniform and invariable flow of oil past the admission-duct and avoid all liability of an undue fiow of oil through the latter.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I provide a mixer for internal-combustion engines which is simple and compact and which insures with reference to quantity an invariable or a uniform admission of oil to the mixing-chamber; also, that by my invention I avoid employing the vacuum to raise or lift the oil into the mixing-chamber that is to say, the admission-duct being preferably horizontal for its full length no lifting or upward drawing of the oil by the vacuum in the mixing-chamber will be necessary. As a further advantage the mixer, it will be observed, will at once drain itself free of oil when the engine stops running, as in such event all the oil contained in the overflow-chamber will be free to flow therefrom by way of the ductsa and a and then back to the tank by way of the pipe 'h It will also be seen that the mixer, involving, as it does, a non-regulated supply-duct and regulated admission-duct, permits a constant, uniform, and unrestricted flow of the oil and at the same time permits the running of the engine to be controlled or varied at will by simply regulating or varying the admission. This method of operation tends to insure a steady and even running of the engine and in this way a comparativelyhigh degree of elficiency. It will also be noted that the relative size of the supply-duct and by-pass is such that the latter is at all times capable of disposing of the overflow from the chamber a thus rendering it unnecessary to makeprovision for controlling the supply of oil to such chamber.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In an internal combustion engine, a mixer and vaporizer provided with a non-regulated gravity-duct, means for maintaining a constant flow of oil therethrough, an admission duct or passage extending laterally from the side of said gravity-duct, and a throttlevalve arranged in the said admission duct or passage for throttling or varying the admission of oil to the mixing-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a mixer and vaporizer comprising an overflowchamber, a gravity-duct leading downward from the bottom of said overflow-chamber, an admission duct or passage leading laterally from the side of said gravity-duct, means for supplying oil to said overflow-chamber and thereby maintaining a constant and uniform flow of oil through said gravity-duct, a suitable mixing-chamber communicating with said admission-duct, and a throttle-valve arranged in said admission duct or passage, whereby the supply of oil to the mixingcham-ber can be varied at will and without checking or in any way varying the flow of oil through said gravity-duct.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a mixer and vaporizer comprising an overflowchamber, a non-regulated supply-duct leading downwardly from the lower portion of said chamber, a valve-controlled and normally-open admission-duct leading laterally from the said supply-duct,and a by-pass leading from the top of said overflow-chamber.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a mixer and vaporizer comprising an overflowchamber, a non-regulated supply-duct leading downwardly from the lower portion of said chamber, the said supplyduct being also straight and substantially of a uniform diameter throughout its length, a valve-controlled and normallyopen admission-duct leading laterally from the said supplyduct, and a by-pass which leads from the top of said overflow-chamber and which is of a larger diameter than the said supply-duct.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a mixer and vaporizer comprising a mixingchamber; a supplyduct through which a constant, uniform and non-regulated flow of oil is maintained; a normally-open admission-d uct leading laterally from the said sup ply-duct to the mixing-chamber, a portion of said admission-duct being bored through the stem or shank of a rotary valve, whereby the admission of oil to the mixing-chamber may be regulated or controlled by turning the said valve, and means for supplying oil to the said supply-duct.

6. In a mixer and vaporizer for internalcombustion engines, the combination of a straight and vertical supply-duct which is non-regulated and which is of a uniform size throughout its length, a normally-open and valve controlled or regulated admission-duct leading laterally from the side of said supply-duct, and means for supplying oil to the said supply-duct, whereby a free and unrestricted flow of oil may be maintained through the latter, and whereby the successive admissions of oil through the said admissionduct may be controlled or varied at will.

BAXTER M. ASLAKSON.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR CAMERON, D. AUSTIN, J r.

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