US6420952B1 - Faraday shield and method - Google Patents

Faraday shield and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US6420952B1
US6420952B1 US09/408,588 US40858899A US6420952B1 US 6420952 B1 US6420952 B1 US 6420952B1 US 40858899 A US40858899 A US 40858899A US 6420952 B1 US6420952 B1 US 6420952B1
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faraday shield
combination
windings
low conductivity
areas
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US09/408,588
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Jack A. Redilla
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AT&T Digital Life Inc
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Core Technology Inc USA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to Faraday shields, particularly to Faraday shields used in conjunction with a transformer and most particularly to Faraday shields used in conjunction with a planar transformer.
  • Faraday shields have been placed between the primary and secondary windings of a transformer to reduce the electromagnetic interference or noise capacitively coupled between the windings of the transformer.
  • the noise is often created by dv/dt signals cause by, for example, field effect transistor (FET) drain voltages or diode snaps.
  • Transformers have included Faraday shields between the windings to reduce the noise coupled between the windings.
  • a typical prior art Faraday shield is a continuous solid layer of copper connected to a voltage source so as to guard against noise being coupled between the windings.
  • the Faraday shield reduces the capacitively coupled noise by reducing the interwinding capacitance of the transformer.
  • addition of the Faraday shield adds resistive losses to the transformer.
  • the resistive losses or I 2 R losses result from eddy currents being induced in the Faraday shield. Until such time as a superconductor can replace the conductive materials used to make the Faraday shield, it will be impossible to eliminate resistive losses due to eddy currents.
  • the present invention includes a Faraday shield having low conductivity areas that reduce resistive losses associated with eddy currents while the high conductive areas of the Faraday shield guard against the occurrence of noise in a transformer.
  • the Faraday shield of the present invention like the Faraday shields of the prior art, reduces electromagnetic interference or noise in the transformer. Noise typically results from dv/dt signals generated by FET drain voltages and diode snaps, although noise from other sources also occurs, and is coupled between the windings by the interwinding capacitance. Faraday shields, when placed between the windings, guard against the coupling of noise between the windings. The reduction of noise results in a more ideal transformer.
  • the transformer flux is not ideally oriented and thus induces eddy currents which flow in loops in the Faraday shield. Resistive losses occur as a result of the flux because the conductive material which forms the Faraday shields is not a perfect conductor. The resistive losses make the transformer a less ideal transformer.
  • the present invention includes low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield. The low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield inhibit the looping eddy currents thereby reducing the resistive losses. Accordingly, a more ideal transformer is achieved through the use of the Faraday shield of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a Faraday shield between the windings of a planar transformer.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the present invention having circular low conductivity areas.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the prior art.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the present invention having a lattice structure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic of a transformer having a Faraday shield.
  • the transformer 6 includes a Faraday shield 1 , two circuit boards 2 , a core 3 , a primary winding 4 and a secondary winding 5 .
  • the primary winding 4 is insulated from the secondary winding 5 and both windings 4 , 5 are insulated from the Faraday shields 1 by circuit boards 2 .
  • the Faraday shield 1 is typically connected to ground, for example the ground 7 of the primary winding 4 and/or secondary winding 5 , although connection to a non-zero voltage is also possible.
  • the Faraday shield 1 is on one of the circuit boards 2 or is formed separately.
  • FIG. 5 is the schematic of a transformer having a Faraday shield.
  • Primary winding 4 is connected to a source 8 which causes an AC output 9 in the secondary winding 5 that is proportional to the alternating component of source 8 .
  • the Faraday shield 1 is connected to one side of the primary windings 4 and one side of the secondary windings 5 , all of which is connected to ground 7 .
  • only one winding could be connected to the Faraday shield 1 or the Faraday shield 1 could be separately connected to ground 7 . If the Faraday shield 1 is separately connected to ground 7 , the windings could be connected together to ground 7 or may be separately connected to ground 7 .
  • source 8 be a purely AC source, it is also possible for source 8 to include a DC offset.
  • source 8 it is also possible to ground the Faraday shield 1 , one side of primary windings 4 , and one side of secondary windings 5 , it is also possible to connect the Faraday shield 1 , and/or primary windings 4 and/or secondary windings 5 to a non-zero voltage.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a Faraday shield 1 of the present invention.
  • the Faraday shield 1 is a conductive layer 1 a having low conductivity areas 1 b throughout the conductive layer 1 and a hole 1 c for core 3 .
  • the low conductivity areas 1 b in conductive layer 1 a restrict or inhibit the flow of eddy currents in the Faraday shield 1 as compared to a prior art Faraday shield 1 , such as shown in FIG. 3, which lacks any low conductivity areas in the conductive layer 1 a .
  • the inhibition of eddy currents reduces resistive losses thereby improving transformer performance.
  • FIG. 4 is another embodiment illustrating a top view of a Faraday shield 1 of the present invention.
  • the low conductivity areas 1 b form a lattice in the conductive layer 1 a.
  • the low conductivity areas 1 b of the Faraday shield 1 of the present invention may be almost any pattern including parallel lines, crosses, stars, and other repetitive patterns, or may be non-repetitive patterns such as random patterns.
  • the low conductivity areas may be openings or may be a material that is either much less conductive than the conductive layer 1 a or is an insulator.
  • the material in the low conductivity areas may be formed by depositing the shielding layer 1 as a single material and then altering the conductivity of the material so as to increase and/or decrease the conductivity inside and/or outside the low conductivity areas 1 b.
  • the conductive layer 1 a may be any material or combination of materials provided they are conductive. For example copper, silver, gold, platinum, metallic alloys, and highly doped semiconductor materials can be used to make the conductive layer 1 a.
  • the transformer 6 of FIG. 1 is intended to only be an example of one kind of transformer in which the Faraday shield of the present invention may be incorporated.
  • the present invention may be applied to any transformer that can incorporate Faraday shields.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

A planar transformer including a Faraday shield between primary and secondary windings. The Faraday shield is a conductive layer having low conductivity areas. The low conductivity areas may be almost any pattern. The Faraday shield and the windings of the planar transformer formed on a circuit board. A voltage source such as ground is connected to the Faraday shield.

Description

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/102,414, filed Sep. 30, 1998, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to Faraday shields, particularly to Faraday shields used in conjunction with a transformer and most particularly to Faraday shields used in conjunction with a planar transformer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Faraday shields have been placed between the primary and secondary windings of a transformer to reduce the electromagnetic interference or noise capacitively coupled between the windings of the transformer. The noise is often created by dv/dt signals cause by, for example, field effect transistor (FET) drain voltages or diode snaps. Transformers have included Faraday shields between the windings to reduce the noise coupled between the windings.
A typical prior art Faraday shield is a continuous solid layer of copper connected to a voltage source so as to guard against noise being coupled between the windings. The Faraday shield reduces the capacitively coupled noise by reducing the interwinding capacitance of the transformer. However, addition of the Faraday shield adds resistive losses to the transformer. The resistive losses or I2R losses result from eddy currents being induced in the Faraday shield. Until such time as a superconductor can replace the conductive materials used to make the Faraday shield, it will be impossible to eliminate resistive losses due to eddy currents.
In view of the foregoing short comings associated with previous Faraday shields, there is a strong need in the art for an improved Faraday shield having low eddy current losses while maintaining a low noise environment for the transformer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a Faraday shield having low conductivity areas that reduce resistive losses associated with eddy currents while the high conductive areas of the Faraday shield guard against the occurrence of noise in a transformer. The Faraday shield of the present invention, like the Faraday shields of the prior art, reduces electromagnetic interference or noise in the transformer. Noise typically results from dv/dt signals generated by FET drain voltages and diode snaps, although noise from other sources also occurs, and is coupled between the windings by the interwinding capacitance. Faraday shields, when placed between the windings, guard against the coupling of noise between the windings. The reduction of noise results in a more ideal transformer.
However, the transformer flux is not ideally oriented and thus induces eddy currents which flow in loops in the Faraday shield. Resistive losses occur as a result of the flux because the conductive material which forms the Faraday shields is not a perfect conductor. The resistive losses make the transformer a less ideal transformer. To avoid this problem the present invention includes low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield. The low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield inhibit the looping eddy currents thereby reducing the resistive losses. Accordingly, a more ideal transformer is achieved through the use of the Faraday shield of the present invention.
To accomplish the foregoing and related ends, the invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention. These embodiments are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which several embodiments of the invention are shown. The present invention, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment shown. The several embodiments described are provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a Faraday shield between the windings of a planar transformer.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the present invention having circular low conductivity areas.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the prior art.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a Faraday shield of the present invention having a lattice structure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a transformer having a Faraday shield.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring, now, in detail to the drawings, where like reference numerals designate like parts in the several figures, and initially to FIG. 1, shown is a cross-sectional view of a planar transformer 6. The transformer 6 includes a Faraday shield 1, two circuit boards 2, a core 3, a primary winding 4 and a secondary winding 5. The primary winding 4 is insulated from the secondary winding 5 and both windings 4, 5 are insulated from the Faraday shields 1 by circuit boards 2. The Faraday shield 1 is typically connected to ground, for example the ground 7 of the primary winding 4 and/or secondary winding 5, although connection to a non-zero voltage is also possible. The Faraday shield 1 is on one of the circuit boards 2 or is formed separately.
FIG. 5 is the schematic of a transformer having a Faraday shield. Primary winding 4 is connected to a source 8 which causes an AC output 9 in the secondary winding 5 that is proportional to the alternating component of source 8. The Faraday shield 1 is connected to one side of the primary windings 4 and one side of the secondary windings 5, all of which is connected to ground 7. Alternatively, only one winding could be connected to the Faraday shield 1 or the Faraday shield 1 could be separately connected to ground 7. If the Faraday shield 1 is separately connected to ground 7, the windings could be connected together to ground 7 or may be separately connected to ground 7. While it is preferable that source 8 be a purely AC source, it is also possible for source 8 to include a DC offset. Lastly, while it is preferable to ground the Faraday shield 1, one side of primary windings 4, and one side of secondary windings 5, it is also possible to connect the Faraday shield 1, and/or primary windings 4 and/or secondary windings 5 to a non-zero voltage.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a Faraday shield 1 of the present invention. The Faraday shield 1 is a conductive layer 1 a having low conductivity areas 1 b throughout the conductive layer 1 and a hole 1 c for core 3. The low conductivity areas 1 b in conductive layer 1 a restrict or inhibit the flow of eddy currents in the Faraday shield 1 as compared to a prior art Faraday shield 1, such as shown in FIG. 3, which lacks any low conductivity areas in the conductive layer 1 a. The inhibition of eddy currents reduces resistive losses thereby improving transformer performance.
FIG. 4 is another embodiment illustrating a top view of a Faraday shield 1 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the low conductivity areas 1 b form a lattice in the conductive layer 1 a.
The low conductivity areas 1 b of the Faraday shield 1 of the present invention may be almost any pattern including parallel lines, crosses, stars, and other repetitive patterns, or may be non-repetitive patterns such as random patterns. The low conductivity areas may be openings or may be a material that is either much less conductive than the conductive layer 1 a or is an insulator. The material in the low conductivity areas may be formed by depositing the shielding layer 1 as a single material and then altering the conductivity of the material so as to increase and/or decrease the conductivity inside and/or outside the low conductivity areas 1 b.
The conductive layer 1 a may be any material or combination of materials provided they are conductive. For example copper, silver, gold, platinum, metallic alloys, and highly doped semiconductor materials can be used to make the conductive layer 1 a.
The transformer 6 of FIG. 1 is intended to only be an example of one kind of transformer in which the Faraday shield of the present invention may be incorporated. The present invention may be applied to any transformer that can incorporate Faraday shields.
In the drawings and specification there has been disclosed various preferred embodiments of the invention, and although specific terms are employed they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation. The scope of the claims being set forth in the following claims.
What has been described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is, of course not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Also, several embodiments and features are described above and are illustrated in respective drawing figures; it will be appreciated that the features described and illustrated with respect to a given embodiment may be used or incorporated in one or more other embodiments.

Claims (23)

That which is claimed, follows:
1. A combination of a Faraday shield and windings, comprising:
a shielding layer between a first winding and a second winding, wherein the shielding layer includes a conductive material and low conductivity areas; and
the low conductivity areas are generally dispersed throughout the shielding layer.
2. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the conductive material forms a lattice.
3. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the low conductivity areas in the shielding layer are circular.
4. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the low conductivity areas in the shielding layer are openings.
5. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the conductive material is a metal.
6. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 5 wherein the metal is copper.
7. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the first and second windings are part of a transformer.
8. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 7 wherein the transformer is a planar transformer.
9. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 further comprising a first circuit board and a second circuit board,
wherein first windings are on the first circuit board and the second windings are on the second circuit board.
10. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 9 wherein the Faraday shield is formed on the first circuit board.
11. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 9 wherein the Faraday shield is formed on the second circuit board.
12. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1, wherein the low conductivity areas include an insulator or low conductivity material.
13. The combination of a Faraday shield and windings according to claim 1 wherein the shielding layer is tied to ground.
14. A method of fabricating a shielding layer for a transformer comprising the steps of:
depositing a material and then altering the material so the material has areas of high conductivity and areas of low conductivity; and
placing the material between a first winding and a second winding of a transformer.
15. A combination of a Faraday shield and a device to be shielded against electromagnetic noise, comprising:
a Faraday shield of conductive material;
a device to be shielded against electromagnetic noise adjacent to the Faraday shield, wherein the Faraday shield includes areas of high conductivity and areas of low conductivity; and
the areas of low conductivity are generally dispersed throughout the Faraday shield.
16. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the conductive material forms a lattice.
17. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield are circular.
18. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the device is a planar transformer.
19. The combination according to claim 15 the device is on a circuit board.
20. The combination according to claim 15, wherein the low conductivity areas include an insulator or low conductivity material.
21. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the low conductivity areas in the Faraday shield are openings.
22. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the conductive material is a metal.
23. The combination according to claim 22 wherein the metal is copper.
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Cited By (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040113737A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2004-06-17 Minghao (Mary) Zhang Inductors and transformers in integrated circuits
US20050128038A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-16 Nokia Corporation Electrically decoupled integrated transformer having at least one grounded electric shield
US20050253678A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-11-17 Daifuku Co., Ltd. Composite core nonlinear reactor and induction power receiving circuit
US20060152326A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Medtronic, Inc. Integrated planar flyback transformer
US20060276155A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-12-07 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Signal transmission arrangement having a transformer and a receiver circuit
US20080007249A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Wilkerson Donovan E Precision, temperature-compensated, shielded current measurement device
US20080136577A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2008-06-12 Power Integrations, Inc. Apparatus and method for winding an energy transfer element core
US20090167478A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Delta Electronics, Inc. Device for improving eddy current loss of transformer and controlling method thereof
WO2010085855A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Hbcc Pty Ltd High frequency transformers
WO2012001398A3 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-03-08 Micromass Uk Limited Improvements in planar transformers
US20120120395A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University Device for preventing intensity reduction of optical signal, optical emission spectrometer, optical instrument, and mass spectrometer including the same
US8664717B2 (en) 2012-01-09 2014-03-04 Globalfoundries Inc. Semiconductor device with an oversized local contact as a Faraday shield
US8928337B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2015-01-06 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Device for measuring electrical current and method of manufacturing the same
DE102013113598A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Arrangement for transmitting digital signals via a galvanically isolating interface and field device comprising such an arrangement
US9064868B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2015-06-23 Globalfoundries Inc. Advanced faraday shield for a semiconductor device
US20150235757A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 General Electric Company System and method for reducing partial discharge in high voltage planar transformers
JP2016015453A (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-28 富士通株式会社 Planar transformer, power supply unit, and method of manufacturing planar transformer
US11617269B2 (en) 2021-07-20 2023-03-28 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Current measuring device for an electric power protection system
US11728090B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-08-15 Analog Devices International Unlimited Company Micro-scale device with floating conductive layer

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Cited By (36)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040113737A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2004-06-17 Minghao (Mary) Zhang Inductors and transformers in integrated circuits
US20080136577A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2008-06-12 Power Integrations, Inc. Apparatus and method for winding an energy transfer element core
US7567162B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2009-07-28 Power Integrations, Inc. Apparatus and method for winding an energy transfer element core
US20090251273A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2009-10-08 Power Integrations, Inc. Method and apparatus for substantially reducing electrical earth displacement current flow generated by wound components without requiring additional windings
US7768369B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2010-08-03 Power Integrations, Inc. Method and apparatus for substantially reducing electrical earth displacement current flow generated by wound components without requiring additional windings
US20050253678A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-11-17 Daifuku Co., Ltd. Composite core nonlinear reactor and induction power receiving circuit
US7265648B2 (en) * 2002-03-19 2007-09-04 Daifuku Co., Ltd. Composite core nonlinear reactor and induction power receiving circuit
US20050128038A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-16 Nokia Corporation Electrically decoupled integrated transformer having at least one grounded electric shield
US7084728B2 (en) * 2003-12-15 2006-08-01 Nokia Corporation Electrically decoupled integrated transformer having at least one grounded electric shield
US20060202789A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2006-09-14 Nokia Corporation Electrically decoupled integrated transformer having at least one grounded electric shield
US7733205B2 (en) 2003-12-15 2010-06-08 Nokia Corporation Electrically decoupled integrated transformer having at least one grounded electric shield
US20060152326A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Medtronic, Inc. Integrated planar flyback transformer
US7167074B2 (en) 2005-01-12 2007-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Integrated planar flyback transformer
US20060276155A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-12-07 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Signal transmission arrangement having a transformer and a receiver circuit
US7587193B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2009-09-08 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Signal transmission arrangement having a transformer and a receiver circuit
US20080007249A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Wilkerson Donovan E Precision, temperature-compensated, shielded current measurement device
US7545138B2 (en) * 2006-07-06 2009-06-09 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Precision, temperature-compensated, shielded current measurement device
US20080048646A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-02-28 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Precision, temperature-compensated, shielded current measurement device
US20090167478A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Delta Electronics, Inc. Device for improving eddy current loss of transformer and controlling method thereof
WO2010085855A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Hbcc Pty Ltd High frequency transformers
CN102272869A (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-12-07 Hbcc有限公司 High frequency transformers
JP2012516552A (en) * 2009-01-30 2012-07-19 エイチビーシーシー ピーティーワイ リミテッド High frequency transformer
US8629746B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2014-01-14 Hbcc Pty Ltd High frequency transformers
WO2012001398A3 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-03-08 Micromass Uk Limited Improvements in planar transformers
US9025143B2 (en) * 2010-11-12 2015-05-05 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University Device for preventing intensity reduction of optical signal, optical emission spectrometer, optical instrument, and mass spectrometer including the same
US20120120395A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University Device for preventing intensity reduction of optical signal, optical emission spectrometer, optical instrument, and mass spectrometer including the same
US8664717B2 (en) 2012-01-09 2014-03-04 Globalfoundries Inc. Semiconductor device with an oversized local contact as a Faraday shield
US8928337B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2015-01-06 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Device for measuring electrical current and method of manufacturing the same
US9064868B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2015-06-23 Globalfoundries Inc. Advanced faraday shield for a semiconductor device
DE102013113598A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Arrangement for transmitting digital signals via a galvanically isolating interface and field device comprising such an arrangement
US20150235757A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 General Electric Company System and method for reducing partial discharge in high voltage planar transformers
US9620278B2 (en) * 2014-02-19 2017-04-11 General Electric Company System and method for reducing partial discharge in high voltage planar transformers
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