US628419A - Pumping-engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 628,49. Patented luly 4, 399.

J. c. SMITH. PUMPING ENGINE. (Application filed July 9, 1892.)

(No Model.)

Patented July 4, !899.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

noma

N'o. 62a,49. r

J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed Juiy 9, 1892.) (No Model.)

Ris areas co. mom L'mo WASHA w: nun

No. 62s,49. Patented u 4, s99.

.. c. sM'TH. i

PUMPING ENGINE.

. (Application filed July 9, 1892.] (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

F E m HIM:

No. 628,4I9. Patented July 4, !899. J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1592.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

INVNTDPQ J, %9247:

m W//7//////////////////////////' (ara &m %i & MC;

WITN

Patented luly 4, !899. .l. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1892.)

6 Sheshshesat 5.

(No Model.)

i INVENTURI %6,M A W WNSSESL a/d d@ No. 628,4|9. Patented luly 4,4899.

J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1892.; (No Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 6.

WENEEEEE .UNITED STATES -P TnNT OFFICE;

JOHN C. SMITH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.`

PUMPING-ENGINE.

s PEcIFIcATIov forming part of Letters Patent No. 628,419,clated Jul 4, 1899;

Application filed July 9, 1892, SrialNo. 439,469. (No model.)

To wlwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN C. SMTH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful improvenents in engines, wherein the power works against an approximately uniform resistance and is particularly adapted to that class of pumping-engines known as nonrotative direct-acting, driven by stean or other motive agent equivalent thereof, of which the following is a specification.

In this specification I have selected and referred to stean as the motive power and have illustrated the mechanism involved in the invention as-applied to a non-rotative direct-acting pumping-engine.

My invention relates to inprovenents in means for propelling the pumping-piston against an approxinately uniforn liquid resistance throughout its stroke by the varying pressure of the steam in the motor-cylinder due to shutting off the flow of steam into the steam-cylinder at any predeternined fraetional point of the stroke and permitting the decreasing pressure of the expanding inclosed steam to finish it. To accomplish this purpose, I transnit the pressure on the steampiston by a lever, levers, or their mechanical equivalent to the liquid or pu m pin g piston by arranging the fulcrum between the pistons so that the steam-piston shall move the liquidpiston against its approximately uniform resistance with an unvarying force thereon and so that as the steam-pressure decreases after' the point of cut-off is reached and admission of steam is shut off froni the steam-cylinder the fulcruni of the lever shall automatically move so as to maintain the relative position of the fulcrum with relation to the power and load that the pressure on the steani-piston will move the liquid-piston at any point in the stroke with an equal pressure and uniform force.

In order to use the steam expansively in myimprovement, it is first necessary that the total pressure of steam up to the point of cuto'fl? shall be greater than the total resistance' on the 'liquid-piston, this difl erence being greater as the degree of expansion isincreased and the position of the f ulcrum of the lever, levers, or meclanical equivalents remains fixed up to that point bearinga relation to w the ends of said lever or levers to which the tionary until the point of the sti-oke is reached y at which the inductih of steam to the cylinder is shut ofi. Hence to create and maintain a .uniform relation between the force and effect for the remainder of the stroke the fulcrun of the lever must'be so arranged as to be changed automatically, as hereinafter referred to, and movedwith such relative velocity with the stean-piston to move the liquid-piston against its approxinately uniform resistance through the remainder of the ,sti-oke even when the total pressureof the stean has fallen below the resistance on the liquid-piston. A corresponding change in relative velocities' of the steam and liquid pistons also takes place with the change in the position of the fulcrum, the ratio being constant to 'the point of cut-off, the liquid-piston moving more rapidly than the steam-piston and the ratio changing when the fulcrun is moved until the end of the stroke is approached, when the liquid-piston moves more slowly. 4

As there is more friction to be overcome by the motive power enployed, When the mechanism for Operating the movable fulcrum is set in notion an adjustment is put on the machine, allowing the stean at its -initial pressure to enter the stean-cylinder until after the novable fulcrum has been started and cutting off at that predeternined point which will leave sufficient steam-pressure to finish the stroke with the increased work of Shifting'the movable fulcrum.

That tny invention maybe fully understood by those skilled in the art I have fully and clearly illustrated a form thereof in annexed drawings, and although there are various rela- .tive arrangements of the Principal parts of the engine to make .the machine more compact I hei-ein set forth an example of such as IOO will render the nature of my invention most readily understood.

Figure 1 is a plan View illustrating my improvement as applied to a double-acting 'single pump as distinguished froma dupleX pump. Fig. 1' is a plan view showing the other portion of the same, the cylinders of which are supposed'to be connected together, these two'illustrations taken together forming an entirety of a plan view of the pumping-engine. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the engine through the bed-plate and steain-cylin ders. Fig. 2' is also a longitudinal vertical section through the steam-cylinder. The respective portions of the two illustrations taken together would form an entirety of a longitudinal section of Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical v the engine. section of one-half of the steam-cylinder, showing the position of the cut-off valve at thepoint at which steam is cut-oti from the steam-cylinder, the dotted positions of the different parts in Figs. 1 and l' corresponding to the position of parts in F-ig. 3. Fig. 4: is a tranvserse section .through the piston-rods,

showing the bed-plate and its mechanism, to-

gether with my improved adjustable cutoft device. Figs. 5 and 6 are detailed views of said adjustable cut-offdevice, and Fig. '7 is a plan view showing a convenient arrangement of a duplex pumpingrengine with myinprovements associated therewith. I

In the drawings and specification sinilar letters and numeralsvof reference designate similar parts.

Secured to a suitable plate or frame are the steam-cylinders A, Figs. l, 1 2, 2', 3, and '7, the liquid-cylinder B, Figs. 1, 1', and 7, and the lever or working beam c' for imparting motion from the steam-piston to the liquidpiston. The liquid-cylinder B is provided with the liquid piston or plunger B', which is made fast to the piston-rod V. Thefrane Y is bolted to the bed-plate, as shown in Figs. 1, l', 2, 2', 4:, and 7, and assists in holding the mechanism which connects the cross-heads D and W, respectively, in place.

Connected at one 'end to the cross-head D by the rod a and at the other end to the crosshead W by the rod b' is the lever or working beam c', which swings on the antifrictionroller 0 forming a roller-fulcrum for the working bean c', as shown in the drawings. The end of the working bea-m c' next to the cross-head D is supported'by a raised portion of the bed-plate Z'; and the opposite end is supported by the radius-rods d' on each side, substantially as shown. One end of the upper radius-rod is pivoted at e' to the france Y', and the corresponding end ot' the lower radius-rod is pivoted at f to the bed-plate, while the pin g' passes through the opposite ends of the radius-rods d'- and the working beam c' and the connecting-rod b'. Since the workng beain c' must be guded in ts movements by some means, these radius-rods d' cause the end of the working bean c' to move in the arc of a circle and resist any forces which tend i to swing it out of position. The working beam c' is provided with an interior central slot h', Figs. 1 and 2, which is preferably surrounded by a ridge, as indicated in the drawings, to provide bearings for wearing parts.. In the npper surface of the working bean c' a little renote from the end of the slot hnext to the cross-head D is Secured the pin 'i', which acts as a trip in connection with a latch r', Figs. 1, 2, and 7, as hereinafter is more fully described.

Pivoted atj', Figs. 1, 2 and 7, to the frame Y'` and' the bed-plate is a'bell-crankJc', carrying the roller 0 of the movable fulcrum. Said crank is bifurcated, as shown at m', Fig. 2, from the end which embraces the working beam c' to the dotted line n', Figs. 1 and 2, and the lever Z' moves in the slot forned by said bifurcation. The end of the lever Z' opposite the pivotal pointj' is connected by means of the rod o' with the forward end or boss of the cross-headVV. Projectingfrom thefrontedge of the lever l' and extending above its upper surface is a lip l To the bifurcated end of the lever 75' is journaled the antitriction-roller 0 Fig. 2, said roller being confined within the slot n', and by means of which the working beam and the movable fulcrum coperate conjointly. The fianges 75 and 76 on the upper surface of the movable fulcrum form a channel or guides for the slide p', said slide being shown as engaged with the lip Z of the lever Z and holds the movable fulcrum and the lever together through a portion of the sti-oke. The slide p' is pressed forward by the spiral spring q', which is held in place by the small pin s" between the head of the slide p' and the lug or ear r', secured to the lever The head of the small pin s' is received into an opening in the ear r', through which it plays as the slide 13 is moved back and forth, the opposite end of the pin being attached to the slide p'. The bell-crank levert', pivoted at i to the lever is connected at one end to the head of the slide 19' and at the other end to the link u', which extends froni 'said bellcranklever to the latch v'. The latch 7/ is pivoted at v to the lever 70', and the bell-oran k lever t' is held in its normal position by the spring 'm', mounted on and secured to the lever 70' at m When the positions of the lever 75' and the working bean c' change sufficiently to cause the arm of the latch o' to strike against the pin i', the movement of thelatcl, communicated to the bell-crank lever t' by means of the link u', will draw back the slide 13', and thereby release theleverl', which will assume the position as shown by l", Fig. 1'. Upon the release of the latch 1)' from the influence of .the pin Z' thesprings w' and q will return the &8,419 3 without disturbin g the bell-crank t' or its connection, which it can easily do, since the slot 19 will allow the slide p' to move back and forth upon its pivotal connections with the bell-crank lever. The object of slot 19 is to insure connection between the lever Z' and lever 75', thereby causing the return of the working beam c' to its original position by the action of the friction-roller 0 and lever as hereinbefore set forth.

Although different designs of valve-gear may be used, I preferably use that which requires the least modification to adapt the present design used on direct-acting pump machinery to my improvements.

I do not show the method of moving the main valve F, as that which is in present use may be readily applied by those sufliciently skilled in the art.

I show that to which my invention alludes, which is as follows: The steam-cylinder A is divided by the partition A' into the chambers l and 2, within which the pistons C C reciprocate,irespectively, in connection with the piston-rods C' C', attached at their opposite ends to the cross-heads W and D. For reasons before stated the steamchest nor method for moving main valve F is not shown, one position of which is shown in Figs. 2, 2 and 3. Directly over the partition A' is the port or outlet G for the escape of the eXhaust-steam, in each side of which are the ports I-I and I, conmnnicating between the steam-chest and the chambers 1 and 2. The supply of steam from the steam-chest into the ports H and I is governed by the main valve F. The ports Hand I are respectively provided with the valves H' and I' and are secured to the Valve-stems J and J', which are rotated by the means hereinatter explained. In each of the valves H' and I' are the slot K and the spring K', and by means of this construction the valves are capable of an up and down as Well as rotary motion. To illustrate: The valve 1', Fig. 3, is closed and is held securely against the valve-seat by the pressure of the live steam from the steam-chest and the spring K' bearing-against the stern J'; but if the main valve F be moved to cut off the flow of steam from the steam-chest and at the same time opening the passage into the exhaust the steam above the valve I' Will be practically removed and the expansion of the steam contained in the steam-cylinder will overcome the resistance of the spring K, raise the valve from` its seat, and complete the passage from thercylinder into the eX- haust-outlet G, as is shown in Fig. 2, chamber 1.

Bolted to the bed-plate are the rocker-bearings L L, Figs. 1, 1', 4, and 7, to which are respectively attached the rock-shafts M and M', each being provided with the arm N. Projecting from each arm N from the sides next to the cross-heads D and E are the ears N' and N Connection is made between the i arms Nand the valvestems Jand J' by means rocker-arms N N. The ears N' and N of the rocker-arms N are not long enough to interfere with the cut-off device, nor are the pins P' of sufiicient length to come in contact with the rocker-arms but when the cross-head carries the cut-oi? device bythe rocker-arms the pin P' strikes one or the other of the ears N' N according to the direction in which the crosshead is traveling, and carries the rocker-arm overuntil the pin is clear of, the ear, tlerehy rotating the valve.

The adjustable cut-otfdevicc P isbest shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The pin P' is Secured to the block Q, which is reciprocated in a grooVe in the body of the device by means of the screw Q'. The block Q, is retained in place in the groove by the face-plates R and R', which are attached to the main body of the cut-off device P. Upon the face-plate R' is the scale S, Fig. 5, and the pointer T, projec'ting from the block Q above the center of the pin P', in connection with the scale F,-

serves as a guide for adjusting the pin P' so as to strike the ear N' of the corresponding rocker-arm later,or vice Versa,therebycutt*ing of' steam from the cyiinder later or earlier, as may be desired. The screw Q' is turned by means of the head U or otherwise.

The action of the engine is as follows: Figs. 1 and 2 show the position in the stean-cylinder, chamber 1, at the end of a stroke. Figs. l' and 2' show the steam-piston in chamber 2 at the beginning of a stroke, with the accompanying mechanism in the relative position. The dotted lines in Figs. l and 1' represent the position of the general parts when the piston in chamber 2 has reached that point of the stroke in which steam is shut off from chamber 2 of the steam-cylinder, as before stated. The pin P'of the adjustable cut-ofi device P,which is attached for convenience to the cross-head D,comes in contact with the ear N'andthrows the rocker-arm N, which closcs the cutb valve I, as shown in Fig. 3. The position which the various members will occupy at the endof the stroke of the piston in the chamber 2 and the beginning of the stroke in chamber l will be the exact reverse of that fully illustrated in Figs. 1, l', 2, and 2'. Hence it is not deemed necessary to encumber this case with additional drawings to show the same. Since the valve I' is open, the steam at its initial pressure will flow from the steamchest through the port I into the chamber 2-of the steam-cylinder A and drive the piston forward in the direction of the arrow until the point of cut-off is reached,as before described, when the valve I' is closed and the remainder of the stroke must be accomplished by the prcssure of the expanding of the inclosed steam which is confined in chamber 2. The lever l has now reached the end of the slot IOO IIO

' in the movable fulcrum 76', (indicated by the i dotted line, Figs. 1 and 2,) and the lever k' 4 &8,419

moves on the pointj', carrying the fulcrum of the working beam c' (represented by the roller with it, Fig. 2, from the extremity of the slot h', which it Originally occupied, 'to the opposite extremity, thereby assisting the steam-piston to complete its stroke. This result is wellnnderstood, as the nearer the fulcru'm is carried to a given load the less power it will' take to move said load. In this case the load is represented by the pressure on the piston B' of the liquid-cylinder B, and as the lever k' turns upon its pivot the fulcrum of the working beam c' approaches the load, and the pressure reqniredto move the piston in chamber 2, together with the liquid-piston B', lessens accordinglyat the time When the actual pressure of steam in said cylinder is actually decreasing, which is a distinguishing feature and material advantage of my improvements'. As the piston-rodV and the cross-head W are i driven forward by the means stated above,

the lever Z', bearingwith its lip 1 against the slide 13' of the bell-crank k', causes said bell- `-crank to turn upon its pivot, thus bringing the fulcrum of the working beam continually nearer the load represented by the piston in the chamber 1. When the extremity of the slot 'n' near the pin i' is reached by the roller 0 Fig. 1, then, by means of the pin 7," in its engagement with the arm *of the latch v' and the operative intervening paris heretofore described, the slide 13' is withdrawn, thereby releasing the lever Z', which permits the working beam to finish its stroke. The piston in the chamber 1 is in the meantime driven toward the partition a' of the cylinder and forces the eXhaust-steam through the ports H and G,

the valve H' being lifted from its seat by the pressure of said steam, and When at the end of a return stroke the pin'of the cutoff device P on the cross-head D comes in contact with the ear N of'the rocker-arm N the valve H is opening by rotation, the main valve F,shifted by the ordinary means, as before noted, opening the port H for the admission of stea-m and opening the port I into the eXhaust-port G. The piston in chamber 1 is now ready to make its stroke, performing the same work as that just performed ,by the piston in chamber 2, making the pump automatic and double-acting in its action.

A convenient form of duplex pumping-engine is shown in Fig. 7 to illustrate the application of the above-described mechanism to that class of engine.

To start the engine When the cut-off valves shut off steam from the chest to the cylinder, it is 'but necessary to open that cut-off which shuts ofl' the steam by moving the rocker-arm N until the engine begins to move the piston to the end of its stroke, when it reve'ses its motion automatically.

i I ters Patent, is

l. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a work-ing beam pivotally connected to the respective pistons and a lever having one arm movably connected in the Workingbeam to form a varying fulcrum therefor and the other arm connected to the liquid-piston, whereby thepressnre on the liquid-piston is maintained substantially uniform by the varying position of the engagement of said lever with the working beam.

2., The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a working beam between the pistons, and a lever having an antomatically-slidin g connection to the working beam and positive connection to the liquidpiston, whereby the fulcrum of the working beam is constantly'changed and a varying pressure of the steam operates to maintain a substantially uniform pressure of the liquidpiston by the varyiug position of the fulcrnm of the working beam.

3. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a working beam pivotally connected' to the respective pistons, a lever having a movable fulerum on which the working beam rocks, and means substantially as described to move the lever and change the location of the fulcrum as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination with the stean-piston and the liquid-piston, ot' a workin g beam connected to the respective pistons and formed with a longitudinal way or slot, a suitablyfulcrumed lever having one arm movablyengaging the slot in the working beam, and the otherend connected to the liquid-piston substantially as'described.

5. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-.piston, of a working beam connected to the respective pistons and formed with a longitudinal slota suitably-fulcrumed slot in the working beam to form the fulcrum thereoi", a jointed lever fulcru med on the support of the lever engaging with the Working beam and having the other arm connected to the liquid-piston,.and a latch to lock the lat- 'ter lever rigid 'with the former lever.

6. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a working beam connected to the respective pistons and formed With a longitudinal slot, and provided with a pin 'i', a lever Ic' suitably fulcruumed inde-- pendent of its end connections,and having one end mova'bly connected to slide in the slot of the working beam and constitute a fulcrum therefor, a jointed lever l 0' fulcrumed on the bearing of the'lever Ic' and the end of the other arm connected to the liquid-piston, and a latch to hold the lever Z', o' rigid with the lever k' and be released by engagement with the pin i' on the workingbeam as and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a working beam connected to the respective pistons, a moving IOO IlO

fulcrum for the Working beam and radiai arms having fixed bearing at one end and the other end connected to the end of the Working beam, substantially as and for the pnr pose specified. i

S. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a Working bean connected to the respective pistons, and mounted on a movabie t'nlcrum, and radial arms having fixed bearings at their inner end, and having their outer ends pivotally connected to the end of the working beam and to the piston of the liquid-cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. The conbination with the stean-piston and the liquid-piston, of a Workin g beam connecting the respective pistons and formed with a longitudinal slot and provided with a pin i' at one end of the slot, the lever 79' fulcrumed adjacent to the working bean and having its end loosely engaging in the slot of the Working beam to constitute a movable fulcrun therefor, the jointed lever Z', 0' fulcrnned on 'the hearing of the lever 75 and connected to the liquid-piston; and the latch V Q), u, t, p, all arranged to operate as specified.

10. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of a working beam pivotally connected to the respective pistons, a movable fulcrum on which the working beam rocks, and means for automaticaHy-shifting the fulcrum as the working beam is rocking.

ll. The combination With the stean-piston and the lquid-piston ot' a pumping-engine, of a working bean having its ends pivotally connected to the respective pistons, a i Shifting fuicrurn intermediate of the ends of the Working bean on which the working beam rocks, and means for automatically shifting the fulcrum while the working beam is in operation, substantially as described.

In testimony Whereof I atfix my signature in presenceof two witnesses.

JOHN C. SMITH. witnesses:

W. H. BURRIDGE, L. F. GRISWOLD.

Images