US6156996A - Process for transportation of sheet metal to a processing device cutting and/or welding of sheet metal, and an arrangement for implementing the process - Google Patents
Process for transportation of sheet metal to a processing device cutting and/or welding of sheet metal, and an arrangement for implementing the process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6156996A US6156996A US08/983,498 US98349898A US6156996A US 6156996 A US6156996 A US 6156996A US 98349898 A US98349898 A US 98349898A US 6156996 A US6156996 A US 6156996A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carriers
- sheet metal
- processing
- moving
- metal plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0838—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/16—Bands or sheets of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process and apparatus for cutting and/or welding of sheet metal plates of preferably geometrically differently shaped metal sheets, preferably sheet metal panels of the same or different thickness and straight and/or odd weld seams, and in particular for sheet metal panels of motor vehicle coach work.
- EP 0 438 615 A1 is a device for connecting at least two sheet metal plates through at least one weld seam fabricated by a laser beam welding device, whereby pairs of pallets with sheet metal panels lying on them are conveyed side by side on a conveyor unit working in certain cycles and whereby these pallets are moved to a strip-shaped arrest stop and/or ruler where the base side of the sheet metal panels rest against in order to align the sheet metal panels with each other at their front sides and whereby the pallets with the sheet metal panels clamped firmly on them are moved orthogonally to the direction of conveyance of the cycled conveyor unit against each other up to the arrest stop of the sheet metal plate base sides which are to be united by welding.
- the pallets Upon lifting of the sheet metal panels from the pallets the pallets are conveyed back beneath the conveyor track for sheet metal panels through the same conveyor unit to the charging station of the new sheet metal panels.
- An essential feature of this known device is that the sheet metal plates to be united by welding are arranged on different pallets and that the pallets must be brought together to allow for uniting the sheet metal plates by welding, whereby the sheet metal plates rise over the pallets in the area of the weld seam so that compression and guide rollers can be located underneath of the weld seam.
- the movement of both pallets to each other calls for additional facilities and also for time.
- the known facility just provides for one conveyance unit mainly running at constant speed for transportation of sheet metal plates lying on pallets from the charging to the discharging station.
- a processing machine for flat workpieces with at least one processing station among others also for flame cutting of sheet metal panels, whereby workpieces are slideable under a processing station on workpiece sliding devices equipped with retainers.
- the relevant tools are movable transversely to the sliding direction of workpieces.
- the sliding devices here serve for transportation of workpieces under and through the processing station. Facilities by which workpieces are conveyed consecutively to the sliding device are not illustrated thereunder.
- DE 41 13 295 A1 relates to a device for fabrication of motor car coachwork consisting of a frame rack, a fabrication line, and at least one drum mounted in a pivoting arrangement on a support bed, said drum containing the positioning tools for the car body components.
- the support bed of the drum here consists of a car which is slideable on a base plate.
- the task is solved by providing a plurality of carriers and mounting the plates in a processing position on the carriers at a charging station.
- Each of the plurality of carriers is moved independently of each other from the processing unit to a synchronizing position after the plates have been mounted on the carriers at the processing position.
- the carriers are moved from the synchronizing position to and through the processing unit at a synchronous rate which corresponds to a processing rate of the processing unit.
- the synchronous rate is independent of the moving of the carriers upstream of the synchronizing position and the carriers are moved to optimize the distance between the carriers. This distance between the carriers is optimized so that the distance is a minimum for continuous operation of the processing unit, depending on the operation performed by the processing unit. It is preferable to have the processing unit operate substantially continuously and without interruption of the processing unit.
- At least one sheet metal plate and/or preliminary sheet metal bar for cutting and at least two or more sheet metal panels and/or preliminary sheet metal bars for welding can be exactly positioned on a carrier so that cutting lines or welding seams taking any optional curve can be fabricated with one or several processing installation(s).
- the sheet metal plates can preferably be positioned consecutively in various stages jointly on one carrier and be clamped firm by utilizing known chucking devices.
- the carriers are moved at irregular distances and/or discontinuously up to and in front of the processing installation.
- several carriers may also dam-up consecutively upstream of the processing installation.
- the sheet metal plates are then moved continuously and/or optimized for gaps, if possible, that means mainly at the smallest possible distance so that the processing installation which particularly is a laser beam cutting or welding device can cut or weld continuously, if possible without any interruption.
- the speed of these sheet metal plates through under this processing installation depends on the cutting and welding speed and/or on the optional curve of the cutting line or welding seam and/or cutting lines or welding seams.
- the processing installation is expediently located at a portal-type bridge spanning over the transport track of the sheet metal plates and can be moved alongside in accordance with the curve of the optionally extending cutting line or welding seam.
- the position tolerance of sheet metal plates in the X/Y plane can be minimized and above all the transportation time in the transverse conveyor from the stock pile yard to the carrier can be shortened.
- the sheet metal plates can be held on the carrier either by way of magnetic chuck devices from bottom and/or pneumatically by clamping ledges from above. In the latter case the carrier will arrive with opened chuck devices at the charging station and after positioning of these sheet metal plates these chuck devices will be closed.
- the permanently magnetic support bed ledges can be neutralized for insertion of sheet metal plates by connecting a flow of electric power.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 which are annexed hereto.
- FIG. 1 plan view of the essential parts of the processing installation being the subject of this invention
- FIG. 2 vertical section through the rotary system 1
- FIG. 3 modified execution style for FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 vertical section through lifting jacks 1,2
- FIG. 5 vertical section through one lifting jack
- FIGS. 6a to 6f various sheet metal plate arrangements 10(d) to 10(u) in the way they may be arranged on one carrier each
- the pallets with the sheet metal plates 10(a) to 10(u) are deposited by a fork lift truck not illustrated in the direction of the arrow on the relevant stock pile yards 4.
- Spread magnets 5(a) to 5(c) are set up against the sheet metal plate piles to fix them.
- the sheet metal plates are alternately picked-up individually by a transverse conveyor 6 (linear portal system) only shown roughly with the support columns, utilizing hoisting devices 7 including suction flame and dumped onto the pre-positioning tables 9 each located in the same transverse plane.
- Sheet metal plates 10 can be positioned and held on carrier 3 either from below by applying known magnetic clamping technology, whereby the permanently magnetic support bed strips are neutralized by a flow of electric current laid-on for insertion of sheet metal plates, and also from above through pneumatically pressed-on clamping strips. On application of the magnetic clamping technology from below the support strips are magnetized after positioning of sheet metal plates 11, thus chucking the sheet metal plates firmly.
- the stickers for fixing the carrier 3 in X/Y/Z direction and the media coupling can be pulled off in order to convey the carrier with the positioned sheet metal plate 10(a) (see FIG. 1) by the aid of the conveyance device 21 on transport rollers 22 to position P2.
- the sheet metal plate 10(b) from the relevant pre-positioning table 9, like sheet metal plate 10a before, is laid on carrier 3 by the aid of inlay robot 12 and so combined with sheet metal plate 10a that welding can be performed without any change in the position of the two sheet metal plates to each other.
- carrier 3 with the two sheet metal plates 10a and 10b is conveyed up to the welding unit 15, stopped there and lowered by the aid of the vertical hoisting device 29 of the lifting jack H1 from transportation level 289 by approx. 50 mm onto free-wheel rollers 23.
- Free-wheel rollers 23 are mechanically exactly fabricated because their top edge must ensure the exact height position of sheet metal plates in Z-direction on welding.
- carrier 3 is docked-on by the help of centering pins 26 and centering sleeves 27 and a dock-on system 25 to one of the two horizontally movable feed forward axles 24.
- the dock-on system shall have no play and be extremely precise because the positioning accuracy of sheet metal plates relative to the welding head in X/Y plane is directly influenced thereby.
- the welding devices 15 are mounted in movable arrangement at the portal-type bridge at least in Y and Z direction and preferably also around certain pivoting axles.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 additionally designate the carrying rack for the rotary system 1 with number 18, and the upper transverse beam with number 19, and the lower transverse beam with number 20.
- the plant equipment has been devised as a flexible concept to allow for follow-up or mixed operation with regard to sheet metal plates and carriers.
- Pallets 2 may always remain in the plant equipment independently of the sheet metal geometry.
- Component part carriers 3 may be mounted in detachable arrangement on pallets 2 to allow for their sheet metal specific exchange on demand.
- clamping strips are mounted on the carrier which can be arrested.
- the clamping strips are expediently divided on both sides, with both halves being connected through a pivot bearing with each other, so that any arbitrary angles can be represented in principle.
- the pallet rotary system as described can naturally also be implemented in combination with a cutting portal system for contour cutting of sheet metal panels in a manner optimized for ancillary time.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19526466A DE19526466C2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1995-07-20 | Process for cutting and / or welding sheet metal and processing system for carrying out the process |
DE19526466 | 1995-07-20 | ||
PCT/EP1996/002720 WO1997003787A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1996-06-22 | Process for cutting and/or welding sheet metal and installation for implementing said process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6156996A true US6156996A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
Family
ID=7767311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/983,498 Expired - Fee Related US6156996A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1996-06-22 | Process for transportation of sheet metal to a processing device cutting and/or welding of sheet metal, and an arrangement for implementing the process |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6156996A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0839080B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11509138A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100449814B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE184532T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6414796A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9609542A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2227323C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19526466C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2139368T5 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9800433A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997003787A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105197496A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-30 | 南京奥特电气股份有限公司 | Automatic logistics production line for lengthening and prefabricating of two-in-one pipeline |
CN106624506A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-10 | 领镒(江苏)精密电子制造有限公司 | Cross framework welding feeding and positioning mechanism |
US10596659B2 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2020-03-24 | Amada America, Inc. | Conveyor system and method for high speed material sheet processing |
CN111791000A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding device for cable reel |
CN112548473A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-26 | 中源汽车零部件(大连)股份有限公司 | Flexible multi-angle overturning tool for small-batch white vehicle bodies |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1031397A1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2000-08-30 | RAINER S.r.l. | An installation for working sheet metal |
DE19950078A1 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-26 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Ag | Preparing components used in the production of metal sheets by laser welding comprises using an apparatus that stacks components from different stacks |
DE19950079B4 (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2004-08-19 | Thyssenkrupp Technologies Ag | Method and device for machining components |
US6531675B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2003-03-11 | Unova Ip Corp. | Laser welding method and apparatus |
DE20112660U1 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2001-11-15 | Krupp Drauz Ingenieurbetrieb GmbH, 09337 Hohenstein-Ernstthal | Device for post-processing the seam edges of patch-work sheets for motor vehicle bodies |
CH696486A5 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2007-07-13 | Can Man Ruedi Umricht | Apparatus for stacking and rounds of sheet metal blanks. |
DE20306581U1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-09-16 | Kuka Schweissanlagen Gmbh | Laser welding arrangement |
JP4506632B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2010-07-21 | 株式会社Ihi | Butt welding method and apparatus |
DE102009003655B4 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-01-19 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | A method for producing a sheet metal blank, as well as a sheet metal blank and the forming tool for producing a sheet with a thickness transition at a connecting edge |
DE102018102589A1 (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-08 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg | A drive arrangement for moving a workpiece as well as a machine arrangement provided with such a drive arrangement for machining a workpiece |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6030596A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-16 | Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd | Laser working device |
US5098005A (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1992-03-24 | Thyssen Industrie Ag Maschinenbau | Apparatus for welding sheet-metal plates |
US5132510A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-07-21 | Trumpf, Inc. | Laser machine assembly for flow of workpieces therethrough and method of using same |
US5192848A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-03-09 | Yamazaki Mazak Kabushiki Kaisha | Laser machining cell |
US5272311A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-12-21 | Societa Italiana Vetro - Siv - S.P.A. | Process and apparatus for the cutting to shape of sheets of plastic material |
US5500507A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1996-03-19 | Nippei Toyama Corporation | Laser beam machining device and laser beam machining method |
US5532450A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1996-07-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method capable of manufacturing two or more different types of welded panels |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3314748A1 (en) * | 1983-04-23 | 1984-10-25 | Trumpf GmbH & Co, 7257 Ditzingen | MACHINING MACHINE, PREFERRED MACHINE FOR PUNCHING, NIBLING, FLAME CUTTING AND THE LIKE |
US5122030A (en) † | 1988-09-13 | 1992-06-16 | Heinz Schmeisser | Method and apparatus for transporting can blanks and the like |
FR2665094A1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-31 | Sciaky Ind Sa | INSTALLATION FOR THE REALIZATION OF BODIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES. |
JP2722944B2 (en) † | 1992-06-05 | 1998-03-09 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Work transfer system |
JPH0630596A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-02-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Oscillation detector for servo driver |
-
1995
- 1995-07-20 DE DE19526466A patent/DE19526466C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-22 KR KR10-1998-0700442A patent/KR100449814B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-22 MX MX9800433A patent/MX9800433A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-22 BR BR9609542A patent/BR9609542A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-22 AU AU64147/96A patent/AU6414796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-22 ES ES96923891T patent/ES2139368T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-22 WO PCT/EP1996/002720 patent/WO1997003787A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-22 AT AT96923891T patent/ATE184532T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-22 CA CA002227323A patent/CA2227323C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-22 US US08/983,498 patent/US6156996A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-22 DE DE59603094T patent/DE59603094D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-22 JP JP9506211A patent/JPH11509138A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-22 EP EP96923891A patent/EP0839080B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6030596A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-16 | Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd | Laser working device |
US5098005A (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1992-03-24 | Thyssen Industrie Ag Maschinenbau | Apparatus for welding sheet-metal plates |
US5132510A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-07-21 | Trumpf, Inc. | Laser machine assembly for flow of workpieces therethrough and method of using same |
US5192848A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-03-09 | Yamazaki Mazak Kabushiki Kaisha | Laser machining cell |
US5272311A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-12-21 | Societa Italiana Vetro - Siv - S.P.A. | Process and apparatus for the cutting to shape of sheets of plastic material |
US5500507A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1996-03-19 | Nippei Toyama Corporation | Laser beam machining device and laser beam machining method |
US5532450A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1996-07-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method capable of manufacturing two or more different types of welded panels |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Trumpf GmbH & Co. Aug. 1993 System Component Technician Information. * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10596659B2 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2020-03-24 | Amada America, Inc. | Conveyor system and method for high speed material sheet processing |
CN105197496A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-30 | 南京奥特电气股份有限公司 | Automatic logistics production line for lengthening and prefabricating of two-in-one pipeline |
CN106624506A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-10 | 领镒(江苏)精密电子制造有限公司 | Cross framework welding feeding and positioning mechanism |
CN106624506B (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-08-07 | 领镒(江苏)精密电子制造有限公司 | A kind of welding of cross framework is walked to expect detent mechanism |
CN111791000A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding device for cable reel |
CN112548473A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-26 | 中源汽车零部件(大连)股份有限公司 | Flexible multi-angle overturning tool for small-batch white vehicle bodies |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100449814B1 (en) | 2004-12-14 |
AU6414796A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
EP0839080A1 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
ES2139368T5 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
WO1997003787A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
BR9609542A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
DE19526466C2 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
EP0839080B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
JPH11509138A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
EP0839080B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
ES2139368T3 (en) | 2000-02-01 |
KR19990035783A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
ATE184532T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
DE59603094D1 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
DE19526466C1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
CA2227323C (en) | 2005-03-15 |
CA2227323A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
MX9800433A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: THYSSEN INDUSTRIE AG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALBER, GERHARD;REEL/FRAME:009063/0905 Effective date: 19980304 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: THYSSEN KRUPP INDUSTRIES AG, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:THYSSEN INDUSTRIE AG;REEL/FRAME:010871/0208 Effective date: 19990317 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: THYSSEN KRUPP AG, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF ADDRESS;ASSIGNOR:THYSSEN KRUPP AG;REEL/FRAME:011072/0763 Effective date: 19990802 |
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FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
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REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20121205 |