US611359A - System for heating and ventilating houses - Google Patents

Description

N0. 6||,359. Patented Sept. 27, I898.

W. D. DICKSUN.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

4 Sheets-Sheet lv (Application filed Apr. 30. 1892.)

(N6 Model.)

N0. 6|l,359. Patented Sept. 212. I898.

W. D. DICKSON.

SYSTEM FDR HEATING AND VENTILATIENG HOUSES.

(Application flied Apr. ab, 1592.)

4 Sweaty-S heet 2.

(No Model.)

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IIIlIlIl 4, Sheets-Sheet 3.

Inueiflbr' 3. ink/M Patented Sept. 27, [898.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

N0 amass (No Model) l [H H lUflneaJw da /7J6 mu 1: News PETERS co, PHoTaumm VIASHINGYON. n. c,

No. 611,359. v

Patented Sept. 27, I898. W. D. DICKSUN.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

(Application filed Apr. 30, 1892.)

(No Model.)

. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

mt STATES PATENT hrice.

IVILLIAM D. DICKSON, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 61 1,359, dated September 27, 1898.

' Application filed April 30, 1392- serial No. 431,229. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern I Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. DIOKSON, acitizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for Heating and Ventilating Houses; and I do hereby declare that the following is-a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in systems for heating and ventilating buildings.

More particularly my invention relates to a system for heating and ventilating in which the natural laws controlling theair are utilized in connection with certain mechanical parts and constructions to obtain the desired results.

I'Ieretofore systems for heating and ventilating have been separate and distinct-that is, the heating system for a building was a separate and distinct means employed, performing the one particular function through the means provided, and the ventilating system or the means provided for ventilating the same building, if any were provided at all, was entirely separate and distinct from the heating system and in no way dependent thereon or auxiliary thereto in the performing of its particular function. In my system I have made the ventilating system auxiliary to and dependent upon the heating system that is, I provide a heating system and so arrange the means employed that it will facilitate the ventilation-that is, the heat from the heating system by the proper communication with the ventilating system will cause or produce a condition in the ventilating system that will render itoperative for the purpose designed.

My invention consists, essentially, in the arranging of heat and ventilating flues,.rela tively of the same proportion, side by side, of a heat source for supplying the necessary heat to the heat-fines of the system and also to the ventilating-flues by radiation through the dividing-partitions or through openings in said partitions by direct communication from the heat source with the vent-fines to cause a rarefaction of air in the ventilatingflues, whereby an upward current will be established therein, so that when the system is applied practically,with a heat-flue communicating with an apartment of a building, it will supply the necessary heat for the said compartment, and a ventilating-flue arranged side by side with the heat-flne and opening "out of the said apartment and extending upsaid coil-box has certain details of construe-- tion adapting it for the particular purpose that will hereinafter be particularly explained. Also I provide a room for receiving the necessary supply of fresh air to be heated either by the coils I provide or by other suitable means to provide the heatfor the heat flues, and a duct communicating with and drawing air from the attic of a building, and of certain other details of construction hereinafter more particularly pointed out in the specification and claims and indicated by reference to the drawings. I

That my invention may be more fully understood reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view showing my system for heating and ventilating as applied to a building, only so much of the building being shown as is deemed necessary to illustrate the manner of applying the system for practical use in connection with a building. Fig. 2 is a detail view showing the application of a coil-boX to a heat-flue and showing the coil-box as being substantially a part of the flue or a continuation of the same or a formation thereof, adapting it to receive the steamcoils and also shown in connection therewith. Fig. 3 is a front view of the coil-box proper. Fig. i is a sectional View showing a portion of the baseof a heat-flue and a vent flue and showing the relative adjustment and arrangement with relation to each other and the application of the coil-box to the base of the fines and the actual construction of the coil-box, minus the steani-coil designed to be contained therein. Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through the flues and a portion of the building in which they are located. Fig. 6 is a section through the line X X of Fig. 5 and shows particularly the arrangement of the fiues. Fig. 7 is a section showing in detail the general character of the dividing-partitions and also showing an opening or communicating passage-way from a heat-flue into a ventfiue and also showing a deflecting-plate in a heat-flue purposed to direct the heat therefrom and into an adjacent compartment, which deflector may also be made to serve as a dividing-partition, if desired, in the heat-flue, separating it from a portion above which is a continuation of the same fine, but being used as a Ventilating-flue. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing a front elevation of heat and vent flues and the manner of combining the same to adapt them for use in connection with a first-floor compartment and a compartment on the second floor of a building, and they may be used, as shown in solid lines, entirely separate, or they may be combined, as shown in dotted lines in connection with the solid lines, to heat and ventilate two compartments, one above the other. Fig. 9 is also a detail view showing the manner of arranging the heat and vent fiues when used for heating compartments all located upon the same floor. Fig. 10 is a detail view showing the arrangement of the flues and the application of the same for heating three sets of compartments, one above the other, making six oompartments in all, as is necessary in heating a three-story building.

In the drawings, A B 0 show the floors of a building.

D is a stack or battery of f1 ues, which may be constructed in the manner shown in the drawingsviz., a rectangular wall may be built up and may be divided by thick partitions, as a b, to form the separate fiues E and l, which may be adapted for use one as a smoke-flue and the other fora dry-closet flue, as I would use them in constructing buildings, and the stack may further be divided by means of the thin partitions o c c c c c, which may be of any suitable material, as sheet metal or brick, or the fines may be built up in any suitable manner, so long as they are arranged so that portions of heating and ventilating flues overlap each other through a portion of their height.

The series of lines formed by means of the partitions, as above noted, are designated by R, S, T, U, V, W, X, E, and E, which said fines are built up side by side, and, as shown in the drawings, the adjacent fines have partitions in common, although the arrangement of the flues may be somewhat modified, so that the principle of operation desired to be employed may be carried out by a slightlymodified means substantially equivalent to the same shown in the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 5, it will be noted, as has been previously stated in the short description of the said figure, that a vertical section is taken through the flues, and in the said figure R is avent-flue and maybe constructed in connection with a main battery of fiues and is designed in this particular application to ventilate a hallway in a building. S is a heat-flue open at its base and connects with an apartment through the register-opening S in the wall, a portion of which is shown in the drawings and designated by S the said register-openin g being located, preferably, at a point near to the top of the room, and the flue may be divided horizontally by means of the partition S if desired, or a curved deflector may be placed in the flue in such position with relation to the register-opening as to properly deflect the heat toward said register-opening.

Referring to Fig. 7, a deflector of the kind mentioned is indicated by S S is an opening in the wall or common partition between adjacent heat and vent flues. S is a hood over the said openingprojecting outwardly within theheat-fiue. This is only one of many means that may be employed for injecting a small quantity of heat into a ventilating-flue with a view of rarefying the air therein. I might use ducts of any suitable character leading from the source of heat to the vent-flues, as will readily be understood, and I have only shown this particular means in order that I may indicate my desire to inject hot air into the ventilating-fines to rarefy the air therein, but desire to employ any suitable means for accomplishing this object. S is a box placed at the bottom of flue S and is designed to contain steam-coils, the particular and detailed construction of said box being shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings, and by reference to said figures it will be seen that the said box may be simply a continuation of the flue from its normal base, or a box of any suitable material-as, for instance, sheet metal-may be attached thereto. I prefer to use the sheet-metal box, and in its construction is made wider than the heat-flue proper and of sufficient width to overlap the adjacent ventilating-fiue one-half of its width. The box is also made to extend outwardly and forward from the fines some little distance in order that room may be provided for a suificient number of'coils to be placed therein to provide aproper amount of heating capacity.

Referring to Fig. 4 particularly, we will assume that the portions of flues therein shown are the fines shown in the other figures and designated by R and S. S is the coil-box proper, which has an opening in its top portion matching with the opening in the base of the flues S, the base of vent-flue R being closed. The coil-box is designed to contain coils S, which may be arranged in any suitable manner therein. S is an opening in the coil-box,which is designed to be located above the surface of the coils within the coil-box. S is a damper hinged to the lower edge of the. said opening. S is a chain connected with said damper and carried upwardly and leading to the room which is heated by the heat-flue S and in such position that it may be reached and operated conveniently, the damper S being so adjusted with relation to the coils that when lowered it will cover the same completely and when raised to its maximum height will close the opening S in the side of the coil-box. The manipulation of the damper facilitates in the regulation of the heat-supply to the flue S, and the particular and detailed operation of the same will hereinafter be more particularly described-in the short description of the operation of the system hereinafter given. S is an opening in the bottom of the coil-box which is provided to admit air into the box to pass between and circulate around the coils and when so heated to be conducted through the heatflue S to the compartment with which said flue communicates. S is a slide supported in suitable clips at the bottom of the box and designed to regulate the supply of air to the coils. It may be adjusted to open the coilbox to the full size of the opening therein or to partially open the same, or it may close the opening entirely, as may be desired. The circumstances requiring said manipulation will hereinafter be more particularly specifled.

Referring to Fig. 5, T is the heat-flue,open at its base and communicating with an apartment through the register-opening T in the wall of the room and a section of which is designated by T the flue being divided at the floor-line by means ofthe cross-partition T and a deflector, the same as used in flue S, may be placed therein for properly deflecting the air. T is a ventilating-flue which, together with the portion of the flue designatedby T, forms the complete flue T. T is a register-opening in the wall of a compartment, a portion of which is designated by T this register opening being preferably located near to the floor-line. The register-opening S is designed to admit the air from the heatflue S into a compartment, and the registeropening T is designed to indicate the portion of the dividing-partition S that is common to heat-flue S and the Vent-flue T and in the operation the radiation of the heat therethrough will rarefy the air in the ventilating flue,causin g a draft upwardly therein. T refers to a coil-box which is exactly the same in detailed construction as coil-box S and opens into and supplies heat to heat-flues T. U is a ventilating flue, as has been previously stated, the same being closed at its base. U is a register-opening in the wall of a room adjacent thereto, a portion of the wall beingindicated by U Theregister-opening T 'from the heat fiue T is designed to conducthot air into a given room and the register-opening U into the ventilating-flue U is designed to conduct the vitiated air therefrom. As shown in the drawings, the said heating and ventilating flues, provided with the register-openings S T and U, are arranged to supply and provide the necessary heat and to ventilate two rooms located in front of said flues or adjacent thereto. V is a heat-flue open at its base and communicating with an apartment through register-opening V in the wall of the room. V is a partition in the said flue above the said register-opening, and a deflecting-plate may also be used in addition to the said partition or in place of it to divide the flues and to properly deflect the air to the register-opening V or the one or the other of the said parts maybe omitted, as may be desired, the purpose being that the flues shall be so divided as to properly conduct the hot air into a given compartment and the vitiated air therefrom. V is a coil-box communicating with the baseof the flue V to supply heat thereto by means of the hot air from the steam-coils therein. W is also a hot-air flue provided with the register-open ing W into a room. W isa partition above the said register-opening dividing the fine, and a deflector. may be provided therein in addition to the said dividing-partition, or the one or the other may be used alone without the other. W is a coil-box for supplying heat to the said flue. V is the upper portion of the complete flue W and serves in this construction as a ventilating-flue. W is a register-opening therein which communicates with a compartment, the ventilating-flue being open at the top for communicating with the open air. X is a ventilating-flue closed at its base and provided with a register-opening X therein which communicates with an apartment. The resister-openings V W W and X are designed to communicate with two compartments, one above the other, and to facilitate the heating and ventilating of the same.

A short description of the operation of the fines as arranged and shown in Fig. 5 may be given, as follows: Heat rising in heat-flue S will supply the heat for a given compartment and by radiation through the partition T will rarefy the air in ventilating-flue T causing a draft therein which will extract from the said compartment the vitiated air, and it also happens in the arrangement of the fines that the radiation from. the said heat-flue will rarefy the air in ventilatingflue R, causing adraft therein which will extract the vitiated atmosphere from an adjacent hallway. Heat from flue T will sup ply the necessary hot air for a given compartment and by radiation through the. partition T will rarefy the air in the ventilating-flue U, which communicates with the registerto be extracted therefrom. X is a heat-fine which communicates with a compartment. X

is a ventilating-flue. X is a partition between the two fiues. The heat in the heat-fine by radiation through the partition will rarefy the air in the said vent-fine, causing a draft therein which will cause the vitiated air in the compartment with which said vent-fine communicates to be extracted therefrom. F is a room at the base of the combined fines and within which the coil-boxes at the base of the said fines are located, which said room is designed to receive a supply of fresh air, and in this drawing I have shown the supply of fresh air as coming from the upper portion of the building, the shaft for that purpose being designated by G, which opens into the said room through the opening G. G is a trap-door which may be placed over the top of the said shaft. G is a cord which may be provided for operating the said door to raise it or to lower it, the said cord working over the pulley G The fresh air may be supplied by any suitable meansby a duct opening directly from the side of the building into said room or in any other suitable mannerthe means herein shown being only one of many that may be employed.

In Fig. 8 of the drawings I have shown in detail the arrangement of two fines J K and L M side by side, having register-openings J K and L M, (one fine for heat and one for vent,) and showing portions of each fine overlapping and having a common partition. I have shown this arrangement of fines both for the first floor of the building and for the second floor of the building and show how they may be constructed the one independent of the other-that is, how they may be arranged for heating one room on one floor and how they may be arranged for heating one room on the second floor-and I have shown the same combined-that is, I have indicated by dotted lines how the second-floor heat and vent may be combined with the first-floor heat and ventto simplify construction. This figure shows fully my preferred manner of arranging the lines to derive heat from the heat-fines by radiation to rarefy the air in the vent-fine.

In Fig. 9 I have shown the arrangement of my fines to facilitate the heating of rooms which are all located upon one floor or the manner of adapting the system for use in connection with one-story buildings, the figure showing the arrangement of the fines to accommodate the heating of rooms on opposite sides thereof, N and P being heat-fines having the register-openings N and P, and O and Q refer to vent-fines having registeropenings 0 and Q, and as the rooms are multiplied in a building all that is necessary to do is to supply new batteries of fines, the

same as shown in this figure, to accommodate the heating of rooms on the opposite sides of fines so arranged.

In Fig. 10 I have shown an arrangement of my fiues and ventilating on the first, second, and third fioors of a building, these rooms being arranged in pairs on either side of said fines, thus making six rooms in all. In applying the system for heating and ventilating six rooms it is necessary for me to add two extra fines for heat and two coil-boxes, and I obtain the necessary ventilating-fines by the continuation of the other heat-fines of the system. H represents one of the heatfines, H the register-opening therein, and H the coil-box therefor. I also represents the heat-flue for the third story, I the registeropening therein, and I a coil-box for supplying heat to the fine. H is a ventilating-fine, and H is a register-opening therein. I is a ventilating-flue, and I is a register-opening therein.

In the drawings and specification I have shown the system adapted for use in connection with one, two, and three story buildings. I have shown substantially the manner in which I prefer to arrange the fines; but I may arrange them differently-that is, I may combine the fines differently in order to accommodate them for a particular use or to peculiar constructions of buildings that would render a modification of the plan herein shown necessary. In fact, many modifications may be made of the detailed construction of the separate banks of fines; but I desire always to maintain the arrangement I have shown in the drawingsthat is, their arrangement side by side and their separation by a common wall or dividing-partition, as it renders the construction simple.

I might separate the fines entirelythat is, a heat-fine and a vent-fiuethns destroying the common dividing-wall, and communicate heat to the ventilating-fine by means of a pipe leading from the coil-box or from any suitable source; but the construction I have shown I deem the simplest and the most practical way of applying the principle I desire to employthat is, the heating of the air in the ventilating-fine to cause a draft therein to facilitate in proper ventilation.

It will be noted in the drawings that in heating a two-story building four coil-boxes are employed, which is the number that I can most conveniently employ in connection with a battery of fines, and it will be noted that these coil-boxes are arranged side by side and that each one extends over the base of the heat-fine and overlaps a portion of the next fine. This arrangement enables me to gain the required space below the fines and I deem it the best manner of arranging a coil-box for the purpose and consider it one of the salient points in the construction of the system.

In applying my system of heating and ventilating for use the fines are arranged sub- 1 stantially in the manner shown in the drawingsthat is, a series of fines are employed and arranged side by side and built up together, forming what I call a battery, and in the construction of these fines I prefer that therein and cause the necessary draft.

The operation of the system as disclosed in the drawings is very simple. The parts having been arranged in the manner shown in the drawings and steam having been passed through the coils in the coil-boxes and it is desired that heat shall be supplied to the various apartments in a building, the slides, as S in Fig. 4:, being drawn out to open the bottom of the coil-box, air from the room F will be admitted into the coil-boxes and will circulate between the coils therein and will be heated,and the dampers, as 8, (shown in Fig. 4,) being raised the heat will rise and pass up through the different heat-flues and will be discharged into the rooms to be heated. The necessary supply of fresh and pure air may be derived, as Ihave shown in the drawings, from the attic of a building, which is open to admit of a free circulation of the air therethrough, and may be conducted to the fresh-air room by means of the trap-door G provided with the cord G3 and pulley G which will enable the trap-door to be raised or lowered at will; or the air may be admitted into the fresh-air room in any suitable manner-that is, it may be taken directly through a lattice window opening into the room or through an ordinary duct opening out from the foundation or the wall. The supply of air entering the coil-boxes at the bottom portions thereof may be regulated so as to admit much or little, as may be de sired, by means of the slides, as 8, (shown in Fig. 4,) one of such slides being provided for each coil-box. The volume of hot air and the temperature thereof are designed to be regulated by persons in the different rooms, and this regulation is accomplished through and by means of the dampers S and the cords, as S as shown in Fig. 4:, one of which said cords is designed to be connected with one of the dampers of the coil-boxes, and each cord for a particular room is connected with the damper of the coil-box which supplies the heat for said room. By lowering the damper down over the coils the supply of heat maybe entirely shut off, which will leave the opening S in the portion of the coil-box above the coils, which will admit cool or cold air into the heat-hue. to its maximum height will close the opening S in the box, thus allowing the heat to pass freely up through the flue and from the coils at the temperature caused by the contact of the steam-coil, and by adjusting the dampers S at intermediate points fresh and cold air will be allowed to enter the coil-box through the opening S and mingle with the hot air from the coils to modify the temperature Raising the damper thereof to obtain the desired degree of heat in the rooms.

The ventilation of the different rooms is accomplished through and by means of the ventilating flues, as has been previously stated, being arranged side by side with heatflues and overlapping the same and having common partitions of a good heat-conducting medium, so that as the heat arises in the heat-fines and supplies the hot air for a given room radiation through the said partitions between the heat and vent flues will cause heat to be conducted into the ventilating-flue, causing a rarefaction of the air therein, which will result in a strong upward draft leading to points without the building and also resulting in a strong draft from the rooms and opening into said flues, which will cause the vitiated air therein to be abstracted therefrom-that is, a free and strong circulation of air will be maintained in the said room. The air in its complete circulation, starting from the outside of the building, enters the freshair room F, passes through these difierent coil-boXes and through the different heatflues, and is discharged into the different rooms and passes out into the different ventilating-flues and from thence is conducted to points without the building, thus making a complete and full circulation through the different rooms in the building and supplying a large quantity of pure and fresh air, which is kept in constant motion or movement Within the compartments Without the necessity of using auxiliary means for circulating fresh air for ventilation-as, for instance, the use of a fanas my system arranged in this manner and operated as above stated will supply a larger volume of air in a given length of time than any other means I have employed or have seen tested.

I do not wish to be confined to the exact construction and arrangement of the parts as herein disclosed, but desire to include in my claim all equivalent means that may be employed for the same purpose.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the fines T S, separated by means of the sheet-metal partition T provided with the opening 8", therein the flue S, having the register-opening S and provided below with the compartment S through which the heat is supplied from within or without, the flue T being provided for ventilation and provided with the registeropening T, so that the heat rising through the heat flue S enters an adjacent room through the register S circulates through the room, and the heated partition T causing the air in the ventilating-flue T to be heated, the air therein rising produces adraft from the adjacent room through the registeropening T thus bearing out of the room air therein contained, and producing a perfect circulation and consequent perfect ventilation, all substantially as described and set forth.

2. In a heating and ventilating system, the fiues U, T, S separated by the thin partition of some ready heat-conducting medium, flue S for heat-flue, U for vent, and flue Tdivided vertically at or near the floor-line and the part below the floor for heat and the part above the floor for vent, in combination with two rooms one above the other into which the heated air is delivered from the heat-fines and from which the foul air passes into the vent-Hues.

3. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination with the heat-flue S, of the compartment or box S provided with slide S and the trap-door S, for regulating the supply of heat to the heat-flue, all substantially as described and shown.

4. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination with a heat-fiue,of the compartment or boX S provided with the slide 8, and the trap-door S and the steam-coil contained within the said boX or receptacle, all substantially as described and shown.

5. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination of the air-shaft G, provided at its top with the trap-door G provided with suitable means for raising and lowering the same, the hot-air room F, the compartment or box S provided with slide S and the trap-door S, the heat-'[iues S T V V, and the vent-fines T U, W and X separated by sheet-metal partitions, all substantially" as described and shown.

6. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination, with two compartments, arranged, one above the other, of three fines arranged side by side successively, and so that one outside fiue will be for heat extending from below the first floor, up near the top of the second floor, the other outside line for vent extending the full height of the two rooms and opening out at a point above, the intermediate flue divided horizontally by a partition at or near the floor-line between the compartments, the lower part for heat and the upper part for vent, each of said fines or sections thereof having suitable communication with said compartments or one of them.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM D. DICKSON.

Witnesses:

R. N. MCoRMIcK, W. V. TEFFT.

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