US60290A - van tine - Google Patents
van tine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US60290A US60290A US60290DA US60290A US 60290 A US60290 A US 60290A US 60290D A US60290D A US 60290DA US 60290 A US60290 A US 60290A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- petroleum
- acid
- lbs
- impurities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- GUWSLQUAAYEZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L Lead(II) acetate Chemical compound O1C(C)=O[Pb]21O=C(C)O2 GUWSLQUAAYEZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/04—Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases
- C10G17/06—Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases using acids derived from sulfur or acid sludge thereof
Definitions
- My invention consists in an improved mode of refining crude petroleum or carbon oil, hereinafter descrihed, whereby I am enabled to prepare such oils for use for purposes of illumination without the aid of artificial or. fire heat, and without resorting to the process of distillation, ordinarily employed for that purpose.
- the oil being still kept in motion by the agitator, there is addedto it, for each barrel of oil, from fifteen to eighteen pounds of aqua ammonia, and a.” a, sufficient quantity of sal soda, caustic soda, and borax, or other equivalent alkalies adapted to neutralize thoroughly p l the remaining acid; This stage of the process requires about twenty minutes, and efi'ect-s a further deposit of impurities and chemicals used, but leaves the oil still muddy in appearance, but lighter in color.
- the prccip- I itatcd deposit being again drawn oh, the remaining oil is then washed thoroughly with pure water by agitation for about half an hour.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
with tetra gamut ffwz.
IMPROVEMENT m REPINING PETROLEUM.
V s -PEcIFI cA'I'Io N; TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; v
Be it known that I, HENRY C. VAN TINE, of the city of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny, andState of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful improved mode of Refining Crude Petroleum or Carbon Oil}, 1
and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
My invention consists in an improved mode of refining crude petroleum or carbon oil, hereinafter descrihed, whereby I am enabled to prepare such oils for use for purposes of illumination without the aid of artificial or. fire heat, and without resorting to the process of distillation, ordinarily employed for that purpose. Petroleum y: 3 or carbon oil, in its crude or natural state, contains so much impurity as to render it unfit for use for illuminsting purposes Without first undergoing a process of refining and separation from theoilof the heavy carbons which it contains, and which are capable of solidification. There are also present with these oils in their natural condition, certain very light and highly inflammable substances, such as henzine and gasoline, which, if not separated therefrom, render the use of petroleum for illumination highly dangerous, owing to the danger of explosion; The ordinary method of removing these heavy impurities and lighter substances, is the process of, distillation by means of artificial heat, which serves the double purpose of vaporizingand dissipating the more volatile fluids which render the oil explosive, and of carrying d the oil from the heavy carbons, which are left behind in the still in the shape of a tarry deposit, while the vaporized oil is condensed and preserved in a fluid condition, and afterwards refined. This process of distillation requires the use of artificial heat, obtained usually by setting the stills over furnaces, and the process is consequently attended with great liability to severe accident and loss, owing to the highly inflammable nature of the oil,.and the large amount of gas which is constantly escaping and-mingling with the atmosphere, thereby forming a highly explosive mixture; By my improved process of purification, I entirely dispense with the use of artificial or fire heat, and am enabled to produce an oil suificiently pure for illuminating purposes, of good color,-and freed from the presence of the more volatile and explosive fluids. l y a To enable others skilled in the art to use my invention, I will proceed to explain my improved process. The crude oil is placed in a vessel called an agitator, of any suitable ,constrzicti'on in it may be thoroughly,
stirred to mix with it the chemical ingredients used to cause the separation and precipitation of the heavy impurirics. These ingredients are sulphuric acid, sulphate of zinc, sugar of lead, and bichromate of potash. 1 The proportion of these ingredientswill depend somewhat on the quality and gravity of the oil to be refined,
which varies considerably in different samples; but the proportions may be stated for ordinary kinds of petroleum, as follows: For each barrel of crude petroleum, I use lbs. of sulphate of zinc, 3 lbsfof sugar of lead, 4 lbs. of biclu'omate of potash, and from 4 to lbs. of sulphuric acid. If the oil be 40 degrees gravity, it will j need about 25 lbs. of acid; if from 40 to degrees, about 12 lbs. of acid, and if above 45 degrees, about 8 lbs. of acid, and so on for higher gravities. These ingredients are together thoroughly mixed with the crude oil by agitation, until they are taken up by the oil, which requires about half an hour. During thisp'rocess of mining the chemicals by agitation, the heavy impurities become separated from the oil,and being of greater specific gravity, settle at the bottom of the vessel, in the shape of a tarry mixture, which is drawn of with a large portion of the chemicals used for purification, which, being mixed with the impurities, are thus separated in a great measure from the oil. As soon as this separation is effected, it becomes necessary immediately to neutralize .the acid still remaining in the oil, and to 'efl'ect the further precipitation of the solid impurities and remaining 1 particles of the chemicals used in the preceding stage of the process. The oil being still kept in motion by the agitator, there is addedto it, for each barrel of oil, from fifteen to eighteen pounds of aqua ammonia, and a." a, sufficient quantity of sal soda, caustic soda, and borax, or other equivalent alkalies adapted to neutralize thoroughly p l the remaining acid; This stage of the process requires about twenty minutes, and efi'ect-s a further deposit of impurities and chemicals used, but leaves the oil still muddy in appearance, but lighter in color. The prccip- I itatcd deposit being again drawn oh, the remaining oil is then washed thoroughly with pure water by agitation for about half an hour. The oil is now removed from the vessel in which it was heated, and is run into shallow iron bleaching pans, placed in the open air, or under a roof, so that the air can pass freely overthe surface of 1 the oil. In these pans it is allowed to remain from twenty-four to forty-eight hours until it becomes-clear, a further slight deposit being precipitated during that time. By exposure in these shallow bleaching pans to the atmosphere, the oil becomes clear, and of lighter color; it parts with so much of the remaining volatile fluids as to bc'ablc to stand a fire test of F. or over, and loses in great measure its disagrecable 'o'dor. The oil is thenready to be barteledfor use, and will lie-found equally good for illuminating purposes as oil distilledw'i th artificial heat. I v
Having thlis-described my improvement, what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is' v n The refining of petroleum or carbon oil without the aid of artificial heat,- by means of the series of operationshereinhefore described, consisting substantially of the use of sulphuric acid, sulphate of zinc, sugar of lead, and bichromate of potash, or their equivalents, for separating the heavy carbons and impurities, the neutralizing of the acid and washing withwater, combined with the subsequent exposure of the oil thus heated in shallow pans to the action of the atmosphere, substantially in the manner aml for the purposes-hereinbefore described In testimony whereof, I, the said HENRY- C. VAN TINE, have hereunto set my hand in presence of HENRY. C. VAN TINE. Witnesses THOMAS OWSTON, W. BAKEWELL.
l eopso
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US60290A true US60290A (en) | 1866-12-04 |
Family
ID=2129829
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US60290D Expired - Lifetime US60290A (en) | van tine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US60290A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060211065A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2006-09-21 | North Carolina A&T State University | Device including a proteinaceous factor, a recombinant proteinaceous factor, and a nucleotide sequence encoding the proteinaceous factor |
-
0
- US US60290D patent/US60290A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060211065A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2006-09-21 | North Carolina A&T State University | Device including a proteinaceous factor, a recombinant proteinaceous factor, and a nucleotide sequence encoding the proteinaceous factor |
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