US5839059A - Method for starting a radio transmitter, and a radio transmitter using a start-up estimated control voltage needed for locking onto selected output frequency - Google Patents
Method for starting a radio transmitter, and a radio transmitter using a start-up estimated control voltage needed for locking onto selected output frequency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5839059A US5839059A US08/549,773 US54977396A US5839059A US 5839059 A US5839059 A US 5839059A US 54977396 A US54977396 A US 54977396A US 5839059 A US5839059 A US 5839059A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vco
- frequency
- control voltage
- temperature
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L3/00—Starting of generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/183—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
- H03L7/187—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number using means for coarse tuning the voltage controlled oscillator of the loop
- H03L7/189—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number using means for coarse tuning the voltage controlled oscillator of the loop comprising a D/A converter for generating a coarse tuning voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting a radio transmitter and to a radio transmitter using at start-up an estimated control voltage needed for locking onto a selected output frequency.
- the output frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator of the loop immediately after the start-up is undetermined.
- the output frequency is determined in accordance with the control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator, which is undetermined at the start-up of the radio transmitter. If there is no way of attenuating or muting a signal transmitted to an antenna for the duration of the start-up of the transmitter, it is yet desirable that the time needed for the oscillator to settle at the correct frequency will be as short as possible and the frequency error at the start-up as small as possible, whereby the frequency of the oscillator will lock over as narrow a frequency band as possible onto the desired frequency.
- a radio transmitter When a radio transmitter is started, it takes a while before the transmission frequency generated by the oscillator has settled at the correct value. If the radio transmitter is not provided with a separate transmission power muting operation (TXMUTE), in which the transmission power of the transmitter is muted at the start-up by means of electrically controllable attenuators and by controlling the operating voltages of the power amplifiers until the transmission frequency has settled at the correct value, then the radio transmitter interferes with the traffic at the adjacent frequencies during the short settling period.
- TXMUTE transmission power muting operation
- a narrow-band channel filter can also be used in the radio transmitter, the narrow-band channel filter decreasing interference at the start-up.
- the drawback of this solution is that it is only suitable for lower frequencies since at higher frequencies the filter cannot be rendered sufficiently narrow-band.
- the interference at the start-up is rather expensive to minimize by the above-described muting switch, which does not have the drawbacks of the channel filter. Further, in most applications the muting operation of the transmitter is needed very seldom. In particular, this applies to radio link applications in which the radio transmitter is started very seldom. In practice, the same transmitter may be in operation even for several years without interruption.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the above described drawbacks and to provide a method that minimizes the frequency error of the radio transmitter at the start-up and enables minimizing of the interference with the neighbouring channels at the start-up without separate transmission power muting operations. This is achieved with the method according to the invention, and by the radio transmitter according to the invention.
- the idea of the invention is to start the voltage-controlled oscillator of the phase/frequency-locked loop used in generating the transmission frequency of the transmitter at the correct frequency by estimating its control voltage as accurately as possible and by setting the control voltage at the estimated value immediately before the transmitter is started by switching on an operating voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator.
- the solution according to the invention enables minimizing of the interference with the other radio traffic without the use of expensive attenuators.
- a separate antenna switch is not needed in the transmitter according to the invention for disconnecting the antenna from the transmitter when the frequency settles at its correct value, but the transmitter can be directly connected to the antenna.
- FIG. 1 shows a phase/frequency-locked loop known per se
- FIG. 2 illustrates correlation between the output frequency and control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator of the transmitter at different temperatures
- FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a radio transmitter according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a radio transmitter according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a phase- or frequency-locked loop, which comprises, as known per se, a phase/frequency comparator 101, a low pass-type loop filter 102 to the input of which is connected the output signal of the phase/frequency comparator, and a voltage-controlled oscillator 105 whose output signal is connected to a first input of the phase/frequency comparator.
- a reference signal obtained, e.g. from a reference oscillator 106.
- the phase/frequency comparator compares the frequency and/or phase of the input signals and generates a control signal proportional to the phase or frequency difference of the signals, the control signal being low pass filtered by a loop filter to produce a control signal Vc.
- the output frequency VCOFreq of the oscillator 105 immediately after the start-up of the oscillator is undetermined.
- the output frequency is determined in accordance with the control voltage Vc of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the voltage obtained from the loop filter at the start-up is undetermined.
- the phase/frequency comparator of the loop corrects the frequency error and locks the frequency or frequency and phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator onto the frequency or frequency and phase of the reference signal.
- the radio transmitter is started by switching on the operating voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the above-described locking operation is speeded by presetting the control voltage Vc of the oscillator immediately before switching on the operating voltage to the oscillator.
- Vc control voltage
- the frequency determined by the oscillator can be controlled fairly accurately in this manner (by pre-tuning the resonator circuit) right from the start-up.
- the phase/frequency comparator of the loop quickly phase- or frequency-locks the oscillator.
- phase/frequency comparator may be either a phase comparator (whereby it comprises both frequency and phase detectors) or a frequency comparator (whereby it comprises a frequency detector only).
- a frequency-locked oscillator is thus an oscillator whose frequency is locked onto a reference signal but whose phase may drift (slowly) in relation to the phase of the reference signal.
- a loop that implements frequency-locking (and does not comprise a phase comparator) is here called a frequency-locked loop. (In some embodiments it may be reasonable to omit the phase detector and thereby simplify the structure of the apparatus.)
- the (output) frequency VCOFreq of the voltage-controlled oscillator 105 is directly dependent on the control voltage Vc controlling it. This may be presented by formula (1), when the temperature VCOTemp is a constant:
- the control voltage of the oscillator is estimated before starting the transmitter on the basis of the desired frequency, the prevailing temperature and the relationship according to known formula (5) or (6).
- the control voltage is set at the calculated value and the transmitter is not started until after this by switching on the operating voltage to the voltage-controlled oscillator, whereby the oscillator starts to operate as close to the desired transmission frequency as possible and locks onto the correct frequency in as short a time as possible, sweeping over as narrow a frequency band as possible.
- FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of radio transmitting equipment according to the invention.
- the voltage-controlled oscillator 105 is here provided with a temperature sensor 201, which measures the prevailing temperature.
- the output of the temperature sensor is connected to a microprocessor 202, which provides a numeric value of the control voltage of the oscillator, the value being supplied to a D/A converter 203, which converts the control voltage to analog form and supplies it further to a first input of an adder 204.
- the microprocessor 202 also controls a switch 205 that starts the transmitter by switching on an operating voltage Ucc to the oscillator.
- the microprocessor is also connected to the loop filter 102 to force the output signal of the filter to assume a constant value (e.g. zero) when no operating voltage is switched on to the oscillator 105. Between the output of the adder and microprocessor is connected an A/D converter 210 by means of which the control voltage Vc of the oscillator is measured.
- the relationship according to formula (4) is measured at a specified temperature.
- the measuring is performed at sufficiently many frequencies to settle the parameters of the model.
- linear interpolation or a polynomial model may be used.
- the resultant relationship and the prevailing temperature are stored in a non-volatile memory 206 arranged in connection with the microprocessor.
- the storing may be implemented, e.g. as a table in accordance with the measured frequency raster, from which table a control voltage corresponding to the desired output frequency is interpolated.
- the microprocessor 202 calculates the control voltage of the oscillator on the basis of the desired output frequency, the temperature measured with the sensor 201 and the relationship measured.
- the resultant voltage is set as the oscillator control voltage by supplying it through the D/A converter 203 to the first input of the adder 204.
- the microprocessor 202 maintains the output voltage of the loop filter at the aforementioned constant value in order that it not interfere with the pre-tuning of the oscillator.
- the microprocessor switches on the operating voltage Ucc to the oscillator by controlling the switch 205 in a closed position. Forced control of the loop filter is simultaneously removed. The loop subsequently locks the phase or frequency of the output signal of the oscillator onto the phase or frequency of the reference signal.
- the reference oscillator 106 may already be on, i.e. it does not require separate control at the start-up but can be switched on e.g. simultaneously with the microprocessor 202.
- the oscillator 105 and temperature sensor 201 are placed in an oven, which is indicated by reference number 212 in FIG. 3.
- the relationship according to formula (4) is measured at a temperature that corresponds to the oven temperature to minimize the effect of the temperature on the estimation error. Even when an oven is not used, it is advantageous to measure the relationship between the output frequency and control voltage (formula 4) at the average operating temperature.
- the transmitter settles at the correct channel after the start-up as soon as possible.
- the oscillator 105 can be modulated directly and a radio frequency can be formed by it.
- FIG. 3 shows this alternative, and in it the modulating signal MODin is supplied directly to the adder 204 (and to the phase/frequency comparator) and the output signal of the oscillator is connected directly (or through possible amplification stages) to a transmitting antenna 211.
- the oscillator 105 operates as a local oscillator of the transmitter: the output signal of the oscillator is connected to a mixer 207 of the transmitter, to which is also supplied an intermediate frequency signal IF obtained from the modulator of the transmitter (not shown). From the output of the mixer is obtained a radio frequency transmission signal, which is connected through possible amplification stages to the transmitting antenna 211 (not shown in FIG. 4).
- the embodiment of FIG. 4 is a secondary alternative in respect of the invention since in this embodiment it is possible to avoid the problem described in the beginning by disconnecting the intermediate frequency signal IF for the duration of the start-up operation, thereby preventing the access of the transmission signal to the antenna during the start-up.
- phase/frequency-locked loop used in the transmitter is presented in its basic form, and e.g. frequency dividers typically found at the inputs of the comparator have not been presented. Also in other respects a more detailed implementation of the loop may vary in many ways.
Landscapes
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
VCOFreq=f.sub.1 (Vc); VCOTemp=constant. (1)
VCOFreq=f.sub.2 (Vc, VCOTemp). (2)
VCOFreq=f.sub.3 (Vc)+VCOTemp*k1, (3)
Vc=f.sub.1.sup.-1 (VCOFreq); VCOTemp=constant, and (4)
Vc=f.sub.2.sup.-1 (VCOFreq, VCOTemp), (5)
Vc=f.sub.3.sup.-1 (VCOFreq-VCOTemp*k1). (6)
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI932204 | 1993-05-14 | ||
FI932204A FI96075C (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1993-05-14 | Procedure for starting a radio transmitter and a radio transmitter |
PCT/FI1994/000193 WO1994027372A1 (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1994-05-13 | Method for starting a radio transmitter and a radio transmitter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5839059A true US5839059A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
Family
ID=8537936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/549,773 Expired - Lifetime US5839059A (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1994-05-13 | Method for starting a radio transmitter, and a radio transmitter using a start-up estimated control voltage needed for locking onto selected output frequency |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5839059A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0698313B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6651994A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69418192T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI96075C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994027372A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5912595A (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 1999-06-15 | Ma; John Y. | Digitally temperature compensated voltage-controlled oscillator tunable to different frequency channels |
EP1079514A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-02-28 | Alcatel | Frequency synthesizer comprising a phase loop |
US6226505B1 (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 2001-05-01 | Nec Corporation | Automatic frequency correction apparatus and method for radio calling system |
US20010053176A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-20 | Fry Terry L. | Method and apparatus for characterizing and adjusting a crystal oscillator for use in a spread spectrum, frequency hopping transceiver |
US6459253B1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2002-10-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Bandwidth calibration for frequency locked loop |
US6490443B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2002-12-03 | Automated Business Companies | Communication and proximity authorization systems |
US6526295B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2003-02-25 | Ericsson Inc. | Power conservation method in mobile communications device |
US20040108904A1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2004-06-10 | Patric Heide | Device for producing an oscillator signal |
WO2005099111A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Harris Corporation | A system and method for calibrating modules of a wide-range transceiver |
US20060258312A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-11-16 | Toshiya Uozumi | PLL circuit having a multi-band oscillator and compensating oscillation frequency |
US20080051040A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2008-02-28 | Ying Shen | System of Communication Using Microwave Signals Over Wireline Networks |
US20110274227A1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-11-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wireless base station |
CN108521272A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2018-09-11 | 新唐科技股份有限公司 | Voltage generator, oscillation device and operation method |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5740525A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-04-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for temperature compensation of a reference oscillator in a communication device |
JP3661573B2 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2005-06-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Voltage-controlled oscillator, voltage-controlled oscillator device, and radar device |
DE10335835B4 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2006-07-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Phase locked loop and method for adjusting a signal in a phase locked loop |
EP2884658A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (publ) | Oscillator circuit |
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US4511858A (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1985-04-16 | Thomson-Csf | Frequency prepositioning for an indirect frequency synthesizer |
JPS62126713A (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1987-06-09 | Nec Corp | Pll circuit |
US4731870A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1988-03-15 | The Johns Hopkins University | Platform transmitter terminal (PTT) for use with an ARGOS type satellite system and utilizing a solar array/rechargeable battery power source |
US4746879A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-05-24 | Ma John Y | Digitally temperature compensated voltage-controlled oscillator |
EP0310863A2 (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the temperature compensation of a voltage-controlled quartz oscillator in a phase-locked loop |
US4839613A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-06-13 | Austron, Inc. | Temperature compensation for a disciplined frequency standard |
US4910473A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1990-03-20 | Seiko Electronic Components Ltd. | Digitally temperature-compensated oscillator |
DE4031939A1 (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1992-05-07 | Rohde & Schwarz | Presetting phase-regulated VCO - reading-out corresp. adjusting values for several frequencies from memory for respective voltages |
WO1993015555A1 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Temperature compensation of a crystal reference using direct digital synthesis |
WO1993020619A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-14 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | An oscillator unit for a base station in a digital cellular radio network |
US5379453A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1995-01-03 | Colorado Meadowlark Corporation | Remote control system |
-
1993
- 1993-05-14 FI FI932204A patent/FI96075C/en active IP Right Grant
-
1994
- 1994-05-13 DE DE69418192T patent/DE69418192T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 US US08/549,773 patent/US5839059A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 EP EP94915169A patent/EP0698313B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 AU AU66519/94A patent/AU6651994A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-13 WO PCT/FI1994/000193 patent/WO1994027372A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (13)
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US4254504A (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1981-03-03 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Control apparatus for a transceiver employing a programmable memory |
US4511858A (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1985-04-16 | Thomson-Csf | Frequency prepositioning for an indirect frequency synthesizer |
US4731870A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1988-03-15 | The Johns Hopkins University | Platform transmitter terminal (PTT) for use with an ARGOS type satellite system and utilizing a solar array/rechargeable battery power source |
JPS62126713A (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1987-06-09 | Nec Corp | Pll circuit |
US4746879A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-05-24 | Ma John Y | Digitally temperature compensated voltage-controlled oscillator |
US4910473A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1990-03-20 | Seiko Electronic Components Ltd. | Digitally temperature-compensated oscillator |
EP0310863A2 (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the temperature compensation of a voltage-controlled quartz oscillator in a phase-locked loop |
US4893097A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1990-01-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for temperature compensation of a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator in a phase control circuit |
US4839613A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-06-13 | Austron, Inc. | Temperature compensation for a disciplined frequency standard |
DE4031939A1 (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1992-05-07 | Rohde & Schwarz | Presetting phase-regulated VCO - reading-out corresp. adjusting values for several frequencies from memory for respective voltages |
WO1993015555A1 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Temperature compensation of a crystal reference using direct digital synthesis |
WO1993020619A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-14 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | An oscillator unit for a base station in a digital cellular radio network |
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Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6226505B1 (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 2001-05-01 | Nec Corporation | Automatic frequency correction apparatus and method for radio calling system |
US5912595A (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 1999-06-15 | Ma; John Y. | Digitally temperature compensated voltage-controlled oscillator tunable to different frequency channels |
SG109429A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2005-03-30 | Cit Alcatel | Phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer |
EP1079514A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-02-28 | Alcatel | Frequency synthesizer comprising a phase loop |
FR2798019A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-02 | Cit Alcatel | PHASE LOOP FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER |
US6441690B1 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2002-08-27 | Alcatel | Phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer |
US8958846B2 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2015-02-17 | Charles Freeny, III | Communication and proximity authorization systems |
US6490443B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2002-12-03 | Automated Business Companies | Communication and proximity authorization systems |
US6526295B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2003-02-25 | Ericsson Inc. | Power conservation method in mobile communications device |
US20010053176A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-20 | Fry Terry L. | Method and apparatus for characterizing and adjusting a crystal oscillator for use in a spread spectrum, frequency hopping transceiver |
US20040108904A1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2004-06-10 | Patric Heide | Device for producing an oscillator signal |
US6894572B2 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2005-05-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for producing an oscillator signal |
US6459253B1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2002-10-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Bandwidth calibration for frequency locked loop |
US20060258313A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-11-16 | Toshiya Uozumi | Circuit having a multi-band oscillator and compensating oscillation frequency |
US20060258312A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-11-16 | Toshiya Uozumi | PLL circuit having a multi-band oscillator and compensating oscillation frequency |
US7263340B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2007-08-28 | Renesas Technology Corporation | PLL circuit having a multi-band oscillator and compensating oscillation frequency |
US7269402B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2007-09-11 | Renesas Technology Corp. | PLL circuit having a multi-band oscillator and compensating oscillation frequency |
US7706753B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2010-04-27 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | System of communication using microwave signals over wireline networks |
US20080064341A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2008-03-13 | Ying Shen | Method of communication using microwave signals |
US20090017774A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2009-01-15 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | System and Method for Calibrating a Transceiver |
US20080051040A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2008-02-28 | Ying Shen | System of Communication Using Microwave Signals Over Wireline Networks |
US7792494B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2010-09-07 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | Method of communication using microwave signals |
US8060026B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2011-11-15 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | System and method for calibrating a transceiver |
US8160502B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2012-04-17 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | System of communication using microwave signals over wireline networks |
WO2005099111A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Harris Corporation | A system and method for calibrating modules of a wide-range transceiver |
US20110274227A1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-11-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wireless base station |
US8688059B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2014-04-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wireless base station with internal clock correction |
CN108521272A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2018-09-11 | 新唐科技股份有限公司 | Voltage generator, oscillation device and operation method |
CN108521272B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2021-12-10 | 新唐科技股份有限公司 | Voltage generator, oscillation device and operation method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI932204A0 (en) | 1993-05-14 |
AU6651994A (en) | 1994-12-12 |
DE69418192T2 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
EP0698313B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
FI932204A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
FI96075B (en) | 1996-01-15 |
FI96075C (en) | 1996-04-25 |
EP0698313A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
WO1994027372A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
DE69418192D1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
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