US582073A - Frank s - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

F. S. MEAD. GAS 0R OIL ENGINE.

Patnted May. 4, las'.

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FRANK S. MEAD, OF MONTREAL, CANADA.

GAS oe OIL'ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 582,073, dated May 4, 189'?. Application tiled September 23, i895.` Serial No. 553,450. (No model.)

T0 a/ZZ whom, t may concern: l

Be it known that I, FRANK S. MEAD, a citizen of the United States, at present residing at Montreal, in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, have invented a new and Improved Gas or Oil Engine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Theobject of the invention is to provide a new and improved gas or oil engine wherein the explosive mixture is properly prepared and delivered to the working cylinder in such condition and manner as to secure the best results both as to the efficiency and economy of the engine.

The invention consists of certain parte and details and combinations of the same, as will be fully described hereinafter,and then pointed out in the claims.

Figure l is a sectional side elevation of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the vaporizing-chamber. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modified form of the same, and Fig. 4 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of pump for feeding the fuel in a liquid state. l

The improved gas or oil engine is provided `with a working cylinder A, in which operates a piston B, extending with its lower end into the enlarged end A of the cylinder to form an inlet-chamber with the same. The piston B is hollow and is provided in its upper end with a spring-pressed valve B to permit air compressed in the chamber A formed by the engine-casing, to pass into the working cylinder A, the said compressed-air chamber A deriving its supply through a valve B2 in the piston B from the air-inlet chamber A2, connected by a port As with the outside. The piston B is connected by a pitman C and crank-arm Dl with a main driving-shaft D, carrying' a iiy-wheel E, in which is arranged a governor, preferably of the construction shown in the Letters Patent of the United States No. 545,709, granted to me September 3, 1895, for a gas-engine. On the shaft D is also secured a pulley F for transmitting the power of the engine to other machinery. An eccentric G on the said shaft D is connected with a pump H, containing a piston-valve I, and of a construction fully shown and described in the Letters Patent of the United States No. 544,586, granted to me August 13, 1895, on a gas or oil engine.

The working cylinder A is connected with the pump H by aport a, containing a checkvalve at', so that the explosive mixture can pass from the pump Htc the interior of the cylinder after the said mixture is compressed to a suitable extent and at the time the port I in the valve I registers with the said port ct. The pump H is connected by a pipe J, contai` 'ng a check-valve J with a vaporizingchamber K, surrounded by a shell L, connected with an exhaust-port b in the lower part of the working cylinder A. The upper end of the shellL is provided with an exhaustpipe L', leading to the outside. The vaporizing chamber K may be constructed in cylindrical form, as shown in Fig. 2, or maybe provided with interior and exterior projec-,

tions K and K2, as shown in Fig. 3, to increase the heating capacity of the chamber.

On the bottom of the vaporizing-chamber K is arranged a spraying device N, formed with a bellshaped opening i leading to the bottom of the vaporiZing-chamber K, and into this opening N lead the two channels N2 and N3, both controlled by a valve N4 and connected with pipes O and O. A waterjacket N5 is arranged in the spraying ldevice N to keep the latter comparatively cool. The pipe O extends into the oil-supply tank P and the pipe O connects with an air-pipe Q, leading to the top of the said tank P, the said pipe Q being connected with the compressionchamber A and containing a check-valve Q.

The operation is as follows: When the piston B is in the lowermost position, as illustrated in Fig. l, then the working cylinder A is filled withpure air derived from the compression-chamber A' through the valve B in the piston B. Now when the shaft D is turned the piston B rises to close the exhaustport h, immediately after which the pump I-I discharges, by way of the port Ct and checkvalve ct', a suitable amount of fuel in the form of vapor into the upper end of the cylinder A, andas the piston continues to rise therein the said vapor and compressed air are mixed in the cylinder. At the time the piston B has completed its upstroke and is starting on its downstroke ignition of the explosive mixture takes place, so as to drive the IOO piston B downward with the force of the explosive. As the piston B again rises it draws air into the compression-chamber A by way of the check-valve B2 from the chamber A2, and when the piston descends this air is compressed and part of the air passes through the check-valve B into the cylinder A after thel said piston B has uncovered the exhaustport b and the cylinder A is relieved of the 1o pressure, and consequently the compressed air can readily pass through the valve B into the workin g cylinder A to drive out the v*/burned gases through the port Z) and lill the cylinder with pure air for the next charge. The pump I-I draws the vapor from the vaporizing-chamber K on the downstroke of the piston-valve I, and on the upstroke of the latter it slightly compresses the vapor until it nearly reaches its uppermost position, at 2o which time the port I registers with the port a and with a longitudinal groove h in the wall of the pump and the contents of the pump-cylinder rush into the upper end of the working cylinder A by way of the port a and 2 5 the check-valve a. The centrifugal governor (not shown, but contained in the fly-wheel E) regulates the amount of vapor passing to the power-cylinder according to the amount of work done by the engine, the regulation 3o taking place by the governor varying the stroke of the piston-valve I. Part of the compressed air in `the chamber A' passes through the pipe Q into the oil-supply tank P and by the branch pipe O into the channel N3 3 5 to deliver a quantity of compressed air at the opening Nl and spray the oil forced through the pipe O by the pressure of the air in the tank P in the said opening N', and the mixture passes into the vaporizing-chamber K, 4o heated by the exhaust-gases passing from the exhaust-port b into the shell L, containing the said chamber K.

As the chamber A' is connected with the tank P and the vaporizing-chamber K, a uniform pressure exists in all three, and consequently when any amount of vapor is passed from the vaporizing-chamber K by the pump II to the working cylinder A then the pressure in the vaporizing-chamber K is relieved and 5o the air and oil in the spraying device N at once enter the said chamber in the form of a spray, and the supply of spray is therefore regulated by the amount of vapor consumed by the engine. In starting the engine the vaporizingchamber K is first heated bya lamp or other convenient means, after which it is kept hot by the exhaust or burned gases from the engine, as previously described. The pipe Q may be omitted, so that no compressed air is 6o in the oil-tank P, but in this case the oil and air are drawn into the vaporizer in the form of a spray by the direct suction of the pistonvalve I in the pump I-I. The water-jacket N5 in the spraying device keeps the latter sufficiently cool to prevent gumming of the oil in the small channel N2 and opening N. Vhen it is desired to deliver the fuel to the vaporizing chamber or cylinder in a fluid condition, I prefer to employ the pump shown in Fig. 4. The plunger 71: of this pump, as shown, is at the outer end of its stroke when the barrel of the pump is filled with oil or naphtha, and on its return stroke thesprin gpressed piston r is forced up against the spring s until the ,groove o, cut in the pumpplunger, has uncovered the port p2, so as to open communication between the pump-barrel and vaporizing chamber or cylinder, as the case may be. The piston r is then forced down by the spring s, thus suddenly discharging the contents of the pump-barrel by way of the side passage or channel p, the groove o, and the port p2. The pump-plunger then recedes so as to close the port p2 and draw in through the valv'ed pipe another supply of the liquid. The side passage or channel in the pump-barrel may be replaced by a passage through the end of the piston, as shown in dotted lines in said ligure, the said passage.

communicating between' the face of the spring-pressed piston r and the groove or cross-passage o in the pump-plunger. It is possible in this engine and at times even dcsirable to omit the gas or vapor pump and use in its stead a valve. In this case the action is as follows: The vaporizing-chamber K is supplied through the spraying device N with compressed air from the pressure-chamber A and a relative pressure is normally maintained in the vaporiZing-chamber, and after the exhaust-port b in the cylinder has been closed and before compression begins the piston-valve I between the cylinder and vaporiZing-chamber opens to allow the contents of the said vaporizing-chamber to enter the power-cylinder. This furnishes the fuel to the power-cylinder and at the same time relieves the pressure in the vaporizing-chamber and thereby causes a new supply of oil and air to enter the said chamber through the spraying device until the pressure therein is again brought to that of the pressure in the chamber AC Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. In a gas or oil engine, a power-cylinder, a working piston, an air-compression chamber, an oil-supply tank, a connection from the working cylinder to the compressionchamber, an independent connection from the working cylinder to the oil-supply tank, and a third connection from the compressionchamber to the oil-supply tank, substantially as described.

2. An oil-pump, comprising a pump-barrel having an inlet and an outlet, a plunger controlling said outlet, an independent piston arranged at the opposite end of the barrel to the plunger, and a spring bearing against the barrel at one end and against the piston at the other end, said piston being adapted to be pushed by the plunger through the intermediary of the contents of the pump-barrel IIO until the outlet is opened, when the said piston is driven by its spring and eXpels the contents of the pump-barrel, substantially as described.

3. An oil-pump, comprising a pump-barrel having an inlet and an outlet, a plunger in said barrel, an independent piston arranged at the opposite end of the barrel to the plunger, and a spring one end whereof bears against the barrel and the other against the piston, said piston being adapted to be pushed by the plunger through the intermediary of the contents of the pump-barrel until the outlet is opened, when the said piston is driven by its spring and .eXpels the contents of the pump-barrel, substantially as described.

4. In a gas or oil engine, an oil-pump having an independent springfpressed piston, and a plunger with a cross passage or groove, an exit-port at the side of the pump, and a channel in the side of the pump-barrel cxtending from the face of said independentpiston to a point opposite the said exit-port, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a gas or oil engine7 an oil-pu1np having an independent spring-pressed piston, a plunger With a cross passage or groove and a channel through the end of said plunger establishing free communication between the pump-barrel beyond the end of said plunger and the said cross passage or groove, substantially as shown and described.

6. 4In a gas or oil engine, a power-cylinder, a Working piston7 an air-compression chainber, a spraying device, a connection from the Working cylinder to the compression-chamber, an independent connection from the Working cylinder to the spraying device, a

connection from the oil-supply tank to the spraying device, and a connection from the air-co1npression chamber to the oil-supply tank to force the oil to the spraying device by air-pressure, substantially as described.

'7. In a gas or oil engine, a power-cylinder, a Working piston., an air-compression chamber, a spraying device, a connection from the Working cylinder to the compressionchamber, an independent connection from the Working cylinder to the spraying device, a connection from the oil-supply tank to the spraying device, a direct connection from the air-compression chamber to the spraying device to supply the latter with compressed air, and a connection from the air-compression chamber to the oil-supply tank to force the oil to the spraying device by air-pressure, substantially as described.

S. In a gas or oil engine, a power-cylinder, a Workin g piston therein, an air-compression chamber, a vaporizer connected to the Working cylinder, anindependent connection from the Working cylinder to the compression chamber, an oil-inlet to the vaporizer, the latter being closed to the atmosphere so as to be capable of holding the vapor under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and a connection from the air-compression chamber to the vaporizer, substantially as described.

FRANK S.' MEAD.

Witnesses:

LEWIS P. MEAD, P. GORMAN.

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