US579312A - Island - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1,.

B. ARNOLD. WOVEN-PABRIG AND LOQM FOR WEAVING SAME. No. 5793 12. Patented Mar. 23, 1897.

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(NoModeL) 5 SheetsSheet 2.

B. ARNOLD. V WOVEN FABRIG AND LOOM FOR WEAVING SAME.

N0. 579,312.. J PatntedMar. 23, 1897.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. B. ARNOLD.

WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR-.WEAVING SAME. No. 579,312. Patented Mar. 23, .1897.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

B. ARNQLD.

WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR. WBAVING' SAME.

No. 579,312. r Patented Mar. 23, 1897..

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

ARNOLD. WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR WBAVING SAME. No. 579.312. Patented MarFZS, 1897.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 579,312, dated March 23, 1897. Application filed August 5, 1896. Serial No. 601,721. (No model.)

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Zeit known that I, BENJAMIN ARNOLD, of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Fabrics and Looms for lVeavin g the Same; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification It is the aim ofmy invention to produce a fabric of a width and character which shall particularly fit the same for use in making hose-pipe and bags and for other special purposes. For some reasons it is deemed desirable that the woven fabrics employed as wrappings in the manufacture of hose-pipe and fabrics used in making bags should be made in the form of strips or webs having the warp and weft threads disposed in lines which extend diagonally across the width thereof. l-Iereto'fore in practice the strips or webs thus employed have been produced by taking a web of cloth which has been woven inthe usual manner, with the weft-threads thereof extending across the web at right angles to the selvages, and cutting the Web diagonally across into strips, which are joined together at the selvage portions thereof to form continuous lengths of cloth having the warp and Weft threads disposed diagonally with reference to its sides.

It is my object to obviate the necessity for cutting an ordinary web diagon all yinto strips and joining the latter as just described in the manufacture of a fabric having the warp and weft threads crossing the same diagonally from side to side thereof.

M y invention consists of an improved woven fabric formed with selvages at the opposite edges thereof and composed of warp and weft threads which extend diagonally across the fabric from selvage to selvage thereof and crossing each other at right angles in like manner as the usual warp and weft threads cross one another in the ordinary woven fabric.

My invention also consists in a loom of novel construction whereby I am enabled to weave the fabric aforesaid.

My invention will first be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, makingreferen ce by letters to the parts shown in the latter, and will be particularly pointed out and defined in the claims at the close of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View in side elevation of a loom embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view thereof in sectional plan, the plane of section being indicated by dotted line 2 z in Figs. 1 and 13. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are views in detail of some of the parts which are shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a view of the loom in plan, the devices for rocking certain of the warp-supports being omitted. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are detail views intended to illustrate the construction and operation of the devices by means of which the sheds are prod need in the loops of the Warpthread. Figs. 11 and ll are views of a portion of the fabric embodying my invention. Fig. 12 is a View representing the application of the said fabric as a wrapping or covering for a hose-pipe. Fig. 13 is a detail view, partly in section, intended to illustrate the reed and its actuating devices. Fig. 14 is a detail View illustrating the devices by which the warp-thread is applied to the two traveling series of Warp-supporting devices. Figs. 15 and 16 are detail views, in side elevation and plan ,respectively, showing the devices for effecting the onward movement of one of the series of warp-sup porting devices. Fig. 17 is a detail view in perspective, illustrating one of the devices whereby the loops formed in the warp-thread are supported at one side of the loom and moved for the formation of sheds. Fig. 18 is a detail view, partly in section, illustrating a portion of the devices whereby the weftcarrier is operated. Fig. 1!) is a diagram intended to illustrate the mode of operation of the reed-actuating devices.

The loom-frame is shown at A, and to the same are applied brackets J J, serving for the 5 support of the axes of the rollers B B Z) l). The rollers lettered B B are placed at one side of the loom, and around the same passes an endless carrier-belt D, while those lettered b b are placed at the other side thereof, and around the same passes an endless carrierbelt D. (See Fig. 15.) Each carrier-belt is provided with a series of points or equivalent loop-supports, these being lettered g g in the drawings, Fig. 6, and upon the two series of points or supports g g is looped a continuous warp-thread 8, coming from a bobbin 8 or other convenient source of supply, the successive loops of the said warp-thread extending side by side and close together across from the points or supports on the belt D to the points or supports on the belt D. The loops are held by those points or supports which are on the upper portions of the belts, and they move therewith in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6, the belts being given a step-by-step or intermittent forward movement by devices which will hereinafter be described. As shown in Fig. 6, the belt D is shorter than the belt D, and while the left-hand ends of the said belts are in line with each other the right-hand end of the belt D extends farther to the right than the corresponding end of the belt D. In consequence of this and of the fact that the loops of the warp-thread are applied to the points 9 g as the latter pass upward around the rollers B b at the right-hand side in Fig. 6 it follows that the loops of the warp-thread extending from the points g to the points g have the diagonal position in the loom which is represented in Fig. 6.

In order to loop the warp-thread automatically upon the points or supports 9 g as the said points or supports ascend at the sides of the rollers B b, I provide a reciprocating guide h, which is caused first to pass in pro imity to and beyond a point or support of one series of points or supports and then caused to pass across in proximity to and beyond one of the points or supports of the other seriesof points or supports, this operation being continuously repeated. The thread-guide It moves adjacent to those portions of belts D D which are passing upward around the right-hand rollers 13 Z) in Fig. 6. Each time the guide swings out beyond a point or support of either series it lays the warp-thread above such point or support, and before it returns inward the belt carrying the said point or support is advanced a step, so that when the guide returns inward the thread will be conducted below the said point or support and thereby looped around the same.

In Fig. 14 the thread-guide h is shown as a lever which is provided at its upper end with an eye or tube 1' for the warp-thread to pass through and is pivoted at its lower end to a hanger r, the said lever having near its upper end a longitudinal slot h, receiving a pin 71 projecting from a block .2, which is mounted to slide upon a guide-bar z, the said lever being thereby steadied and directed in its movements. The lever h is provided with means for vibrating the same, which will be described hereinafter.

It is necessary to form a shed for the reception of the weft-thread in the loops of warpthread stretched across from one belt to the other. This may variously be effected. A

convenient means of effecting the shedding is that which is illustrated in the drawings, wherein the opening of successive sheds in the loops of warp-th read is occasioned byim parting a rocking movement to one set of the supports therefor first in one direction and then in the other.

The points 9 upon the carrier-belt D are simply fixed thereto along the inner edge thereof and stand up at about a right angle to the surface of the belt, while the points 9 of the carrier-belt D are each fixed to the inner end of a rod a, which is mounted to turn in bearings formed in small blocks a a applied to the outer surface of the said belt D. (See Fig. 17.) These pointsgreceive and retain the bights formed in the warp-thread, and

the rods a have imparted to them a rocking movement around their axes, whereby the opposite sides of each loop which has been formed in the warp-thread are alternately presented uppermost, sheds being formed thereby for the reception of the weft-thread.

For the purpose of communicating the rock in g movement to the rods a each rod a is provided with a pin projecting therefrom at right angles to the length of the rod, and above the belt D in close proximity to that portion thereof which extends horizontally across from the upper side of one roller B to the up per side of the other roller B is arranged a bar If, (see Figs. 1 and 7,) having on its underside projections o. This bar t slides in bearings made therefor in the upperparts of the brackets J J, by which the rollers B B are supported, and it is reeiprocated in the said bearings by devices which will hereinafter be described. When the said rod is reciprocated, the projections 0; engage with the pins 9" on the rods a and turn the points 9 first to one side and then to the other. The upper portion of the belt D, between the rollers B B, passes over a table 0 and is supported thereby, so as to sustain the pins 0" in position to be acted upon by the projections U, carried by the bar t.

In order to insure that the points 9 shall project at the proper angle to receive the loops of warp-thread as the said poin ts pass upward around the right-hand rollers 13, I provide the outer end of each rod a with a cross-bar 0, standing at right angles to the points g and pins 0' carried by the said rod, and adjacent to the said rollers 13, I place a curved guide 0 Fig. 3, having a pointed or tapering leading end, the cross-bars 0 bearing against the outer surface of the said curved guide as they are carried pastthe same,and the rods being thereby turned into correct position and there held until after the loops have been applied thereto. The said supporting-points g are shaped as shown in the drawings, they being flat and tapering gradually and being of sufficient breadth to separate or open the loops of the warp-thread somewhat, in order to permit of the introduction of a weft-carrier between them, the loops being presented in proper position for the passage of the weftthread between them when the points are turned to the one side or the other.

I11 Fig. 7 I have shown the points 9 turned to the left, and in Fig. 9 I have shown the manner by which the weft-carrier passes through the loops on the said points when the latter are thus turned.

In Fig. 8 I have shown the points 9 turned to the right, and in Fig. 10 I have shown the weft-carrier 0 passed through the loops on the said points when the latter are thus turned.

The weft-thread may be inserted in various ways, and if desired a shuttle may be employed. I find it convenient to use as a weftcarrier or insertor a needle or rod 0, inasmuch as the same can be made slender in order to permit of it being insertedinto acomparatively narrow shed and inasmuch as it permits of the use of a weft-thread of great length coming from a stationary bobbin or other convenient outside source of supply. The weft-thread g which is introduced by the aid of the needle 0 is taken from a bobbin g or other convenient source of supply and passes through an eye at the forward end of the needle. I find it advisable to cause the needle 0 in introducing a length of weftthread to move in a line parallel with the series of points 9 carrying the loops of the warpthread, inasmuch as the said loops are most widely spread close to the points and the needle can there enter without obstruction. I also find it advisable to cause the needle in withdrawing from the shed to swing outward from the series of points g in order that a comb or series of wires constituting a reed may be caused to rise up back of the loop of weft-thread which has just been introduced and may act to comb or beat up the said loop to the cloth-making line. The said needle therefore is pivoted at the outer end thereof by a pin a to a block I, which slides freely within a tube 70, extending parallel with the series of points J. The said rear end of the needle 0 has an arm 0 projecting laterally therefrom and extending out through a slot in the side of the tube la. The reduced outer end of this arm 0 passes through aslot m formed in the upper end of a lever m, which is pivoted at its lower end to the loom-frame, and the said lever m is vibrated by means which will be described hereinafter. In consequence of pivoting the needle at its outer end to the block Z and causing the lever m to act upon the arm 0 at one side of the pivot the needle is swung on the said pivot at each change in the direction of the movement of the lever m. to move in the direction of the arrow in Fig. (5, or inward, after having completed its outward movement, the free end of the needle first is caused to assume a position which places the needle in a line parallel with the series of points g, and then the needle and block Z are caused to move endwise along the tubek. As the needle is thrust inward it \Vhen the said lever m beginsmoves in a line parallel with the series of points g and as close to the said series of points as is practicable, in order that it may pass between the separate portions of the loops in the warp-thread as nearly as may be where the said portions are most widely separated. When the needle is at the end of its inward movement, or movement in the direc tion of the arrow in Fig. 6, and the lever m begins to move in the reverse direction, the first effect is to turn the needle on its pivot a, throwing the free end or point of the needle around in an arc of a circle and away from the series of points 9 sufficiently far to provide for the entrance of the dents or wires u,

of a reed or comb in among the portions of tions of weft-thread which has been introduced by the described action of the needle, after which the needle is drawn out from among the loops of the weft-thread in consequence of the movement of blockl longitudi' nally of the tube 70.

As a result of introducing the weft-thread by means of the needle 0 the weft-thread will lie doubled upon itself or in loop form in each crossing in the portions of the warp-thread which extend from the points 9 to the points 9''. In order to insure the proper formation of the loops in the weft-thread and prevent the said loops from being withdrawn as the needle is being drawn out of the shed and also for the purpose of forming a good selva-g'e at thatside of the fabric on which the said free ends of the loops terminate, I employ a sol vage-needle This needle is formed like an ordinary latch knitting-needle and by preference is caused to reciprocate in a line parallel with the series of points. g and in line with the needle 0. It is caused to enter the shed from the side thereof which is opposite to the side on which the weft-carrier needle 0 enters and is operated in such manner as that as the needle 0 isnearing the end of its inward movement the said selvage-needle a shall advance a short distance within the shed. to meet the needle 0. Then, after having caught the loop of weft-thread introduced by the needle 0, it shall withdraw from the shed with the said loop, and afterwarchafter having advanced in like manner into the succeeding shed and engaged the next loop of weft-thread and withdrawn, the first loop engaged there by shall become interchained with the second loop, and so on, thereby forming a close chainloop or knitted selvage, which may be made in like manner onthe other edge of the fabric by using a similar latch-needle with like motions. The needle a is long and slender, so as to permit it to pass readily into the shed, which on the side thereof adjacent to the said needle is very much contracted, and the said needle or the stem carrying the same slides through a block a, which is mounted on the frame A, Figs. 1 and 6, it being operated by means which will hereinafter be described.

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reed or comb is pivoted to the frame A at a point adjacent to the left-hand end of the belt D in Fig. 6, and the said reed or comb is so arranged and operated that when the free end thereof is carried forward into its most advanced position in the 100111 the said reed crosses the loops of warp-thread on a line at right angles thereto.

The reed is operated bymeans of devices which will be described l]6l6ll1tfll6l,tl1d which impart to the free end thereof a movement in approximately a circular path, whereby the teeth of the reed are caused to pass upward among the loops of warp-thread stretched across from the points 9 to the points g behind the last-introduced loop of weft-thread, then moved forward to carry the said loop of weft-thread to the cloth-making line, and then withdrawn from among the loops of warp-thread and reinserted behind the next loop of weft-thread, and so on. The onward movement of the belts D D feeds along the cloth as fast as it is woven. In order to strip the loops of warp-thread from the points or supports 9, an inclined plate 15 Fig. 15, is applied to the loom-frame adjacent to the left-hand roller 1). The points g, while sup ported by the projections e on the bar 25, are maintained in proper position to hold the loops of weft-thread thereon, but when they are carried downward in the movement of the belt D around the left-hand roller B they pass beyond the control of the project-ions e and are left free to turn up, so as to draw out of the loops.

The foregoing parts constitute the characteristic features of my improved loom. The mechanism for actuating the parts which have so far been mentioned herein will now be described. The driving-shaft of the machine is shown at 11*, and 6 Figs. 1 and 2, is a band-pulley thereon which is intended to have a driving-band passed around the same. A gear-wheel h fast upon the said shaft 6 meshes with a gear-wheel g turning on a stud fixed to the loom-frame, the said gearwheel carrying a crank t that is connected by a link or connecting-rod y with lever m, by which the weft-inserting needle or carrier 0 is actuated. The said lever m is utilized in the actuation of the endless carrier-belts D D and also of the bar 75, by which the points (,7 are rocked, and of the selvage-needle 64 .The roller B shown at the right-hand side in Fig. 1 and the left-hand roller 1) shown in Fig. 15 are formed on the outer faces thereof with the ratchet-teeth b and 3 respectively,

and with these teeth engage pawls i and t,

respectively, which are carried by arms 2' and 1 respectively, these arms being journaled upon the outer ends of the studs on which the said rollers B and l) rotate. The lower end of arm 1' is pivotally connected to a rod 25, which at one end thereof is pivotally connected with one end of a lever h, that is pivoted at p on the loom-frame at the lefthand end thereof in Fig. 1. (See also Figs. 15 and 16.) The opposite end of lever h is connected by the link 72 with the lower end of arm The right-hand end of rod 25 in Fig. 1 has a slot t extending longitudinally thereof, and in the slot plays a pin 15 pro jecting from the side of lever 772. By these devices the endless carrier-belts D D alternately are given the necessary intermittent advancing movement.

The bar If is connected by a rod u with the upper end of a lever R, which is pivoted upon the left-hand bracket J, the lower end of the said lever being in operative connection with a crank-pin on the back of the disk a, which is mounted on a pivot on the loom-frame. From the outer face of this disk project two pins e c, Fig. 4, these pins being placed on opposite sides of the center of the disk. Be-

tween these pins extends the left-hand end i of a rod 8, which at its right-hand end has a slot .s-Lin which plays a pin s ,projecting from the side of lever m, Fig. 1. The left-hand end of rod .9 is formed with a double hook d, fitted to engage with the pins e e, and the said end also is formed adjacent to the said hooks with guard projections ff on the opposite edges of the rod. A spring r bears against the side of rod 3 with considerable friction. The left-hand end of rod 3 is connected by a rod t with the lower end of a leverv which is pivoted upon the loom-frame and has the upper end thereof connected with the lefthand end of the selvage-needle a By these devices the selvage-needle is given the necessary endwise movement, and the bar is reciprocated for the purpose of rocking the points g, the disk at being turned first in one direction and then in the other, for the purl.

engage with the upper pin a as the rod 5 moves to the right, the said double hook being raised in consequence of the lower guard projection f resting upon the lower pin 6 and being prevented from falling after the projection fpasses from pin 6 by the spring 1". After rod 8 has moved to the right and returned the parts will stand in the positions in which they are represented in Fig. 5, with the upper guard projection bearing against the upper pin 6 and the lower member of thedoublo hook cl in engagement with the lower pin 6, in readiness to turn the disk at the movement of rod 3 to the right in the opposite direction to that in which the said disk was moved when the parts were in the positions occupied in Fig. 4. The friction occasioned by the bear ing of spring 0 against the side of rod 3 holds the rod 5 in the position shown in Fig. at, or in that shown in Fig. 5, until itis moved from either one of such positions into the other by the contact of one of the guard projectionsf with one of the pins 6. A bevel-pinion c1 Fig. 2, on the inner end of shaft 5 engages a bevel gear-wheel (Z on a shaft 1' mounted in bearin gs on the loom-frame at an angle to the shaft 12 the said shaft 1' being provided with a crank j, connected by a rod f with the lever h.- Thereby the said lever is vibrated to lay the warp-thread around the points g g.

The free end of the reed-bar or backing w is pivotally connected with the upper end of a rod to, which is fitted to slide vertically through a hole in a bracket 0, fixed to the loom-frame, and to swing laterally on its bearings in the said hole. Thelower end of rod to is connected to a crank-pin carried by a bevel gear-wheel m, Fig. 19, which is mounted to turn loosely on the inner end of shaft r and is driven by a bevel gear-wheel 7L fixed on the driving-shaft b In consequence of the reed being pivoted to the loom-frame at one end and of the rod w having a bearing and driving connections such as described the free end of the reed is caused to travel in the circular path which is represented in Fig. 19.

The belts D D are advanced alternately, as described, in order that the looping of the warp-thread about the supports or points on the said belts alternately may properly be effected. Thus when the warp-guide h swings outward by the belt 1), laying the warp-thread over a support thereon, the said belt is advanced one step, so that when the guide returns the warp-thread shall pass underneath the said support and be looped around the same, and as the guide continues to swing across after it reaches belt D and lays the warp-thread over a support thereon this latter belt is advanced a step, so as to provide for the looping of the warp-thread around this support in the return of the guide. The turning of the loops of warp-thread first in one-way and then in the other takes place when the needle is withdrawn from the shed, and so does the feeding of belt I), but the feeding of belt D takes place when the needle is within the shed. The feeding forward of the fabric as fast as woven is effected by the advance of the belts D D, and the cloth as delivered from the supports on the said belts passes forward from the supports over the roll (1 from which it may fall to the floor, if desired. The fabric may be passed between the roll (Z and its companion roll (Z to the cloth-roll d and be Wound upon the latter at intervals by hand, if desired.

The fabric e produced by the loom which has been described is a continuous fabric having the warp and weft threads thereof both extending diagonally across the width thereof from side to side and at right angles, or approximately such, to each other, and has perfect selvages at both sides thereof. This fabric is shown in Figs. 11 and 11 Selvages do not exist in the fabric made by cutting a web diagonally into strips and uniting such strips end to end, as hereinbefore described, and as is old in the art. When the fabric is wound spirally around the inner portion or core of ahose-pipe in the manner represented in Fig. 12, the selvage edges thereof are fitted closely together and one set of loops extends circumferentially around the said core, while the other set extends in the direction of the length thereof, which brings both the radial and longitudinal strain in line with the threads and prevents all stretching out of shape from the pressure on the hose.

Having thus described my improvements, I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A continuous woven'web or fabric having a set of warp-threads always parallel to themselves and a set of weft-threads always parallel to themselves, each of which sets extend from side to side and back diagonally across the web substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. A continuous woven web or fabric having selvages on both edges thereof, and having a set of warp-threads and a set of weftthreads each of which sets extends from side to side and back diagonally across the web, crossing each other at or approximately at right angles substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. A continuous woven web or fabric havin g the warp and weft threads thereof in the form of loops extending in opposite directions diagonally across the same from edge to edge and crossing each other at or approximately at right angles, and having the ends of the loops of weft-thread enchained at one edge to form a selvage, substantially as described.

4:. The combination with two traveling series of warp holders or supports adapted to have a warp-thread looped diagonally across from one series to the other, and means for causing the same to travel forward, of devices for forming sheds for the reception. of weft in the loops extending across between the two series, substantially as described.

5. The combination with two traveling series of warp holders or supports adapted to have a warp-thread looped diagonally from one series to the other, means for causing the same to travel forward, and devices for forming sheds for the reception of weft in the in the loops of warp-thread extending across between the two series, of devices for inserting weft into the sheds as formed, a diagonally-placed reed, and devices for actuating the same, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of August, A. D. 1896.

BEN JAMIN ARNOLD.

In presence of JAMES W. RICHARDSON, L. J. BUsH.

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