US564200A - hutin - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

68 S HUTIN 81; M. LEBLANQ, TBRNATING CURRENT. DYNAMO.

No. 564,200. Patented July 21, 1896.

1 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. HUTIN' & M. LEBLANO. ALTERNATING CURRENT DYNAMO.

No. 564,200. Patented July 21, 1896.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

MAURICE HUTIN AND MAURICE LEBLANC, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNORS TO THE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR LA TRANSMISSION DE LA FORGE PAR LELECTRIOITE, on SAME PLACE.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT DYNAMO.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 564,200, dated July 21, 1896.

Application filed May 10, 1894. Serial No. 510,703. (No model.) Patented in France January 6, 1893,1I0. 226,965; in Eng land June 24,1893,N0.12,458; in Belgium June 27, 1898,110. 105,289; in Switzerland July 3,1893,No.7,0'71; in Italy August Z4,1893,XXVIII, 34,724,11XVIII, 147, and in Spain February 9,1894,No. 15,265.

To @ZZ whom it may concern.- Be it known that we, MAURICE Horny and MAURICE LEBLANO, citizens of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France, have in- 5 vented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternating Dynamos, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to alternatingcurrent machines, and is the subject of Let- I ters Patent granted to us in France, No. 226,965, dated January 6, 1893; in Belgium, No. 105,289, dated June 27, 1893; in England, No. 12,458, dated June 24, 1893; in Switzerland, No. 7,071, dated July 3, 1893; in Italy, I Vols. XXVIII and LXVIII, Nos. 34,724 and 147, dated August 24, 1893, and in Spain, No. 15,265, dated February 9, 1894.

The invention has for its object the production of alternating current machines, adapted for use both as generators and motors, and in which the effects of self-induction shall be suppressed to the same extent as is the ease in ordinary continuous-current machines of the Gramme or Siemens type. 5 This object is attained by such modifications of Gramme or Siemens machines, whereby they become adapted for the production or consumption of alternating currents,without, however, changing the electrical reactions 3 within the machines. In this manner the characteristic freedom from the effects of selfinduction inherent in such machines is preserved. The manner of accomplishing this result is set forth in the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents an end View of a machine of the Gramme type, mainly in diagram; Fig. 2, a like view of a Gramme machine 4 modified in accordance with our invention, and Fig. 3, a diagram showing in detail the circuit-connections of such machine.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts throughout all the drawings. The theoretical considerations which led to the present invention will be understood by a contemplation of some of the electrical conditions of a continuouscurrent machine with separately-excited field and a Gramme armature, such as is represented in Fig. 1. In this go figure of the drawings, NS represent two fieldmagnet poles, which are understood to be of constant intensity, and may be the poles either of a permanent magnet or of a separately-energized electromagnet. The Gramme 5 5 ring-core l is shown as wound withanumber of coil-sections 2, 2 2", &c., with the out going terminal of each coil-section and the incoming terminal of the next adjacent coilsection connected to the same commutator- 6o segment 3, 3", 3, &c. The brushes 4 4 are shown as bearing upon the commutator at the ends of the diameter of commutation, as usual, to deliver continuous current to the line with which they are connected, and in such line are understood to be translating devices, such as electric lamps, electric motors, &c..

If the internal resistance of the ring-winding, taken between the brushes, is designated by Q and the external resistance by R, and 7c if I is the intensity of the current produced by the machine, then the quantity of energy wasted in the machine is Q I and the quantity of energy utilized in the external circuit will be R1 7 5 If the number of coil-sections on the ring is 2n, then the resistance of each of these sec- 4Q trons w ill be 21L Supposing now that, instead of making 0 the resistance of the external circuit R, the brushes are short-circuited, so that the external resistance becomes zero, and further supposing that the resistance of each of the coil-sections of the armature is increased from 4% m m 211 to 211 2n.

In that case the resistance of the whole arma- 9o ture-winding, taking all its 2n coil-sections in series, will be 41 i 2n(2n+2n)=4Q-I4R, 5

and the resistance taken between the brushes will be one-quarter of this value--that is to say, it will be Q +R. The quantity of energy expended in the armature will then be Q +11) 1'' while the energy expended in the external circuit will be zero.

It is quite evident that, by the changes we have thus supposed to be made, the machine will furnish no energy in the external circuit, but will. waste all the energy in the internal circuit. Now, while such a machine would be quite useless, it would still possess the characteristic of the Gramme machine, namely: It would not manifest the phenomenon of self induction.

It will further be evident that the machine will still remain without self-inductive effect 4R 1f the add itlonal resistance for each cellsection, is placed not in. the coil-section proper, but in the circuit oi. each coil-section and extcrnally to the machine. The only difference in the operation of the machine will. now be that the energy consumed will. be effective in the resistances in the circuits of the coilsections, but externally to the machine, while again no energy will be consumed between the brushes.

The modification last indicated is graphic ally representedin Fig. 2, and constitutes our llTlPlOVGlllGllt. Each coil-section of the armature is there shown as being extended externally to the machine, and containing the re- 4R s1stancer= while the brushes 4 i are short-circuited by a conductor 5 of inapprociable resistance. The resistances 1' may be constituted by translating devices, such as lamps or electric motors, in which latter case the resistance of the circuit to the motor, the motor-circuit itself, and the c(n1nter-electromotive force developed by the motor, or,in other words, the impedance of the external portion Off the circuit of each coil-section, rep resents the resistance 0-. It will thus be seen that the generator, thus constructed and connected to external circuits, will furnish to these circuits 2n alternating currents, de-

. 1 phased wlth reference to each other by 3g of a period, which currents may be utilized either separately in independent translating devices r, or may be utilized in one translating device, adapted to be operated by 2n-phase currents. Conversely, the machine thus constructed may be utilized as an alternatingcurrent motor, fed by Bu-phase currents, in which case rwould represent a generator, or a generating element of a generator.

It is not necessary that the brushes 4. i be short-circuited, since they may be connected to an external circuit which, when the apparatus is used as a generator, would receive a continuous current at the expense of the alternating currents sent to the lines which contain the translating devices 0'.

In the practical construction of such mascaeoo chine, it is, of course, inadmissible to have the external portions of the armature eoi1-scctions rigidly connected with these coil-see tions proper, since in that case it would be necessary to rotate the field-magnet and brushes instead of the armature. It is, therefore, required that the external portions of the coil-section circuits be connected with the internal portions of the same by collector rings and brushes. This, and the whole scheme of the apparatus, is diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 8. llere the armature 1, the commutator 3, and the collectorrings 6 are shown as separated from each other, but it will be understood that in practice they will be mounted on the same shaft, the mathematical axis of which is indicated by the dotted line X Y.

There are shown sixteen armature coil-sections 2 2 2 2, connected with sixteen commutator-segments 3 3 3 3 and with thirty-two collector-rings 6* 6,, (3 6 (3" 6 6 6 Upon adjacent pairs of these collector-rings bear pairs of brushes 7 7, which lead to the external circuits containing the translating devices, or sources of alternating electroinotive force 7'. The direction of current in the armature coils, for a given moment, is indicated by little arrows, and it will be observed that the outgoing terminals of the coils 2, 2 &e., are all directly connected by conductors 8, 8 &c., to the corresponding commutator segments 3, 3 &c., and by branch wires 5), 9 the, to the collector- rings 6, 6*, &c., while the incoming terminals of the same coils are directly connected with the collector-rings 6 0,, 6,, &c., by conductors 8,, 8, 8,, &c. In this manner, there is placed in the external. circuit of each armature coil-section a trans lating device, represented by the letter 0', which, if the machine is used as a motor, may be either a separate generator or a generatorcoil of an alternating-current machine.

\Vhile we have shown, by way of illustration and explanation of our invention, atwopolar machine, it will be readily understood that the machine may be multipolar; and. while we have shown the armature as of the Gramme type, it will be readily understood that it may be of the Siemens or other equivalent type. Nor are we confined to the use of sixteen coil-sections in the armature, as shown, since any other suitable number will be within our invention.

The details of construction may also be varied in various ways without (iieparting from our invention, so long as the fundamental principles of the same, as hereinbefore set forth, are observed.

Having now fully described our invention, we claim and desire to secure by ,llcttcrs Patent 1. A multiphase alternating-current machine composed of field-magnets of constant polarity, an armature having its coil-sections in a continuous series closed upon itself and of external circuits, looped from and in series With the armature coil-sections, and each containing a translating device or devices, substantially as described.

In witness whereof We have hereunto signed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAURICE I IUTIN. MAURICE LEBLANC. Witnesses:

CLYDE SHROPSHIRE, J ULES ARMENGAUD.

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