US5252529A - Olefin polymerization catalyst and olefin polymerization - Google Patents

Olefin polymerization catalyst and olefin polymerization Download PDF

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US5252529A
US5252529A US07/885,986 US88598692A US5252529A US 5252529 A US5252529 A US 5252529A US 88598692 A US88598692 A US 88598692A US 5252529 A US5252529 A US 5252529A
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transition metal
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olefin polymerization
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Takashi Ueda
Kazunori Okawa
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F110/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65904—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with another component of C08F4/64
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/904—Monomer polymerized in presence of transition metal containing catalyst at least part of which is supported on a polymer, e.g. prepolymerized catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to olefin polymerization catalysts and olefin polymerization processes using said olefin polymerization catalysts, and more particularly to olefin polymerization catalysts capable of giving olefin polymers excellent in melt tension or olefin polymers excellent in melt tension, broad in molecular weight distribution and excellent in moldability as well in high polymerization activity, and to olefin polymerization processes using said catalysts.
  • ⁇ -olefin polymers e.g. ethylene polymer or ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers
  • titanium based catalysts composed of titanium compound and organoaluminum compounds
  • vanadium based catalysts composed of vanadium compounds and organoaluminum compounds.
  • novel Ziegler type catalysts composed of zirconium compounds and organoaluminum oxy compounds have been developed as catalysts for the preparation of ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers in high polymerization activity, and processes for the preparation of ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers using these novel catalysts have been proposed, for example, in Japanese Patent L-O-P Publns. Nos. 19309/1983, 35005/1985, 35006/1985, 35006/1985, 35007/1985, 35008/1985, etc.
  • novel catalysts formed from the transition metal compounds and organoaluminum oxy compounds as proposed in the prior art are excellent in polymerization activity especially ethylene polymerization activity in comparison with the catalysts formed from transition metal compounds and organoaluminum compounds which have been known prior to the advent of the above-mentioned novel catalysts. Nevertheless, the majority of these novel catalysts are soluble in the reaction system and, in most cases, processes for the preparation of ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers using these novel catalysts are applicable only to the solution polymerization system.
  • Japanese Patent L-O-P Publications Nos. 106808/1985 and 106809/1985 disclose processes for the preparation of compositions containing polyethylene polymers and fillers, wherein ethylene is polymerized or ethylene and other ⁇ -olefin are copolymerized in the presence of a product obtained previously by contacting a highly active catalyst component containing a hydrocarbon-soluble titanium compound and/or zirconium compound with a filler, an organoaluminum compound and a filler which has affinity with polyolefins.
  • Japanese Patent L-O-P Publn. No. 31404/1986 discloses a process for the polymerization of ethylene or copolymerization of ethylene and other ⁇ -olefin in the presence of a mixed catalyst comprising a product obtained by reaction of trialkylaluminum with water in the presence of silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide, and a transition metal compound.
  • Japanese Patent L-O-P Publn. No. 276805/1986 discloses polymerization of olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium compound and a reaction mixture obtained by reacting a reaction mixture resulting from aluminoxane and trialkylaluminum with an inorganic oxide having a surface hydroxyl group such as silica.
  • Japanese Patent L-O-P Publns. Nos. 108610/1986 and 296008/1986 disclose processes for the polymerization of olefin in the presence of a catalyst having supported a transition metal compound such as metallocene and aluminoxane on a carrier such as inorganic oxide.
  • the polymers thus formed are required to have various characteristics according to the process by which they are molded or to the purpose for which they are used.
  • the polymer used for when an inflation film is molded at a high speed from the polymer as formed, the polymer used for must be selected from among those having a large melt tension considering their molecular weight in order to carry out a stable molding operation at a high speed without flickering or tearing the bubble.
  • Similar characteristics are necessary for the polymer at the time of blow molding thereof in order to prevent the sagging or tearing-off of the polymer or at the time of T-die extrusion thereof in order to keep the shortage in breadth of film to a minimum.
  • the copolymers are required to have a narrow composition distribution when formed into film in order to prevent the film from being sticky. Further, if the polymer has a narrow molecular weight distribution, the molding conditions therefor are sometimes limited, and according to the purposes for which the molded products are used, olefin polymers having a broad molecular weight distribution are required.
  • the solid catalyst components supported on the carriers proposed hitherto were not found to satisfy such requirements as mentioned above.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the prior art as mentioned above, and an object of the invention is to provide olefin polymerization catalysts capable of giving olefin polymers excellent in melt tension and of preparing spherical olefin polymers excellent in particle characteristics as high polymerization activity and, moreover, capable of giving copolymers having a narrow composition distribution when two or more monomers are copolymerized or capable of giving olefin polymers having the above-mentioned characteristics, a broad molecular weight distribution and excellent moldability, and polymerization processes of olefins using such olefin polymerization catalysts as mentioned above.
  • organoaluminum oxy compound [B] and the transition metal compound [C] are supported on the particulate carrier [A].
  • the organoaluminum oxy compound [B] and the transition metal compound [C] are supported on the particulate carrier [A].
  • the olefin polymerization catalysts of the invention as illustrated above may further contain [D] an organoaluminum compound which is supported on the particulate carrier or not in addition to the above-mentioned components.
  • the above-mentioned [C] transition metal compound may include at least two kinds of transition metal compounds of metals belonging to the group IV of the periodic table.
  • the polymerization process of olefins according to the invention is characterized by polymerize or copolymerize the olefins in the presence of the above-mentioned catalyst and, if necessary, the organoaluminum compound.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between MFR and melt tension (MT) of the polymers obtained in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1.
  • a numeral in a circular mark represents the number of the example and a numeral in a square mark represents the number of the comparative example.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between MFR and melt tension (MT) of the polymers obtained in Examples 9-14 and Comparative Example 2.
  • a numeral in a circular mark represents the number of the example and a numeral in a square mark represents the number of the comparative example.
  • polymerization used is intended sometimes to include not only homopolymerization but also copolymerization, and the term “polymer” used herein is intended sometimes to include not only homopolymer but also copolymer.
  • the particulate carrier [A] (hereinafter called sometimes “component [A]”) used in the invention includes particulate inorganic compounds comprising an oxide of at least one element selected from among those belonging to the groups II, III and IV of the periodic table.
  • the particulate inorganic compounds mentioned above are preferably porous oxides including concretely SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , BB 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, BaO, TiO 2 , etc., or mixtures of porous oxides, for example, SiO 2 --MgO, SiO 2 --Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 --TiO 2 , SiO 2 --V 2 O 5 , SiO 2 --Cr 2 O 3 and SiO 2 --TiO 2 --MgO.
  • preferred consisting essentially of at least one component selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO, as a major component.
  • the particulate carrier [A] desirably has an average particulate diameter of usually 1-300 ⁇ m, preferably 10-200 ⁇ m, a specific surface area of 50-1000 m 2 /g, preferably 100-700 m 2 /g, and a pore volume of 0.3-2.5 m 3 /g.
  • the particulate carrier [A] used in the present invention contains at least 1.0% by weight, preferably 1.2-20% by weight and especially 1.4-15% by weight of water.
  • the water contained in the particulate carrier [A] is meant the water held by adsorption on the surface of the particulate carrier.
  • the particulate carrier containing such specific amounts cf water as mentioned above may be obtained, for example, by the following procedures.
  • the determination of the water content of the particulate carrier may be carried out by the method of loss in weight on heating.
  • a loss in weight of the particulate carrier obtained by drying the carrier under circulation of a dry vapor such as air or nitrogen at 200° C. for 4 hours is taken as the adsorbed water content of said carrier.
  • the organoaluminum oxy compound [B] (hereinafter called sometimes "component [B]") used in the invention may be aluminoxane hitherto known or such benzene-insoluble organoaluminum oxy compounds as exemplified in Japanese Patent L-O-P Publn. No. 78687/1990.
  • the known aluminoxane may be prepared, for example, by the following methods.
  • the aluminoxane as illustrated above may contain small amounts of organometallic components. From the above-mentioned solution containing aluminoxane as recovered, the solvent or unaltered organoaluminum compound is removed by distillation, and the remaining aluminoxane may dissolved again in a solvent.
  • the organoaluminum compound used in preparing the above-mentioned solution of aluminoxane includes concretely
  • trialkylaluminum such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropylalminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-sec-butylaluminum, tri-tert-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tridecylaluminum,
  • tricycloalkylaluminum such as tricyclohexylaluminum or tricyclooctylaluminum
  • dialkylaluminum halide such as dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum bromide or diisobutylaluminum chloride;
  • dialkylaluminum hydride such as diethylaluminum hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride
  • dialkylaluminum alkoxide such as dimethylaluminum methoxide or diethylaluminum ethoxide
  • dialkylaluminum aryloxide such as diethylaluminum phenoxide.
  • organoaluminum compound isoprenylaluminum represented by the general formula
  • x, y and z are each a positive number, and z ⁇ 2x.
  • organoaluminum compounds mentioned above may be used either singly or in combination.
  • Solvents used in the solutions of aluminoxane include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene and cymene; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane and octadecane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane and methylcyclopentane; petroleum fractions such as gasoline, kerosene and gas oil; or haloganated hydrocarbons such as halides, particularly chloride and bromides, of the above-mentioned aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.
  • ethers such as ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Of these solvents as exemplified above, particularly preferred
  • the transition metal compound [C] of the group IVB of the periodic table containing a ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton used in the present invention is represented by the formula
  • M is a transition metal of IVB group
  • L is a ligand coordinating to the transition metal
  • at least one of L is a ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton
  • L other than the ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton is a hydrocarbon group of 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, halogen, trialkylsilyl group, SO 3 R (wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent such as halogen), or hydrogen
  • x is a valence of the transition metal.
  • the ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton include, for example, cyclopentadienyl, alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl groups such as methylcyclopentadienyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl, methylethylcyclopentadienyl, propylcyclopentadienyl, methylpropylcyclopentadienyl, butylcyclopentadienyl, methylbutylcyclopentadienyl, and hexylcyclopentadienyl, and an indenyl group, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroindenyl group and a fluorenyl group. These groups may be substituted by a
  • alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl groups are most preferred.
  • the compound represented by the formula ML x [II] contains two or more ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton
  • at least two ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton may be bonded together via an alkylene group such as ethylene and propylene, an isopropylidene group, a substituted alkylene group such as diphenylmethylene, a silylene group or a substituted silylene group such as dimethylsilylene, diphenylsilylene and methylphenylsilylene.
  • the ligand other than those having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton is a hydrocarbon group of 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, halogen, trialkylsilyl group, SO 3 R, or hydrogen.
  • the hydrocarbon group having 1-12 carbon atoms includes, for example, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl; the alkyl group includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and pentyl; the cycloalkyl group includes, for example, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; the aryl group includes, for example, phenyl and tolyl; and the aralkyl group includes, for example, benzyl and neophyl.
  • the alkoxy group includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy and butoxy.
  • the aryloxy group includes, for example, phenoxy.
  • the hologen includes, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • the ligand represented by SO 3 R includes, for example, p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate and trifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • the transition metal compound [C] containing ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton used in the present invention includes the transition metal having, for example, a valence of 4.
  • the transition metal compound [C] may be represented more concretely by the formula [II']
  • M is zirconium, titanium, or hafnium
  • R 1 is a group having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each a group having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy group, halogen, trialkylsilyl group, SO 3 R or hydrogen
  • transition metal compounds of the above-mentioned formula R 1 a R 2 b R 3 c R 4 d M [II'] at least one of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton is preferred, that is, R 1 and R 2 are each a group having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton.
  • R 3 and R 4 may be each a group having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy group, halogen, trialkylsilyl group, SO 3 R or hydrogen.
  • transition metal compounds [C] having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton represented by the aforementioned formula MLx in which M is zirconium.
  • the di-substituted cyclopentadienyl groups include 1, 2- and 1,3-substituted groups, and the tri-substituted cyclopentadienyl groups include 1, 2, 3- and 1, 2, 4- substituted groups.
  • the alkyl groups such as propyl and butyl include n-, i-, sec-and tert- isomers.
  • transition metal compounds obtained by replacing the zirconium metal in the above-exemplified zirconium compounds with titanium metal or hafnium metal.
  • transition metal compounds [C] may be used alone or in combination.
  • transition metal compounds [C] When the transition metal compounds [C] is used in combination, it is preferred that at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds (i) and (ii) as mentioned below is combined with at least one member selected from the group consisting of compound (iii) and (iv) as mentioned below.
  • Transition metal compound containing two ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, in which the ligands are bonded together via a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted silylene group and the like hereinafter referred to "bridge type transition metal compound”.
  • Transition metal compound containing two ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, in which the ligands are not bonded each other hereinafter referred to "non-bridge type transition metal compound"
  • the ligands have 2 to 5 substituents.
  • non-bridge type transition metal compound containing ligands having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, wherein the ligands have, particularly, 2 to 3 substituents is combined with (iv) non-bridge type transition metal compound containing a ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, wherein the ligand has one substituent.
  • one compound is preferably used in an amount of from 5 to 95 mol %, more preferably 10 to 90 mol %, and most preferably 20 to 80 mol %.
  • the mixing ratio is not particularly limited, but one kind of them is used preferably in an amount of not more than 95 mol % and not less than 5 mol %.
  • the organoaluminum compound [D] is illustrated below in detail.
  • compound [D] used in the present invention is represented by the formula:
  • R 5 is hydrocarbon of 1-12 carbon atoms
  • X is halogen or hydrogen
  • n is 1-3.
  • R 5 is hydrocarbon of 1-12 carbon atoms, for example, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, including concretely methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, tolyl, etc.
  • organoaluminum compounds of the formula R 5 n AlX 3-n include, in concrete, such compounds as mentioned below.
  • Trialkylaluminum such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tri-2-ethylhexylaluminum, etc;
  • alkenylaluminum such as isoprenylaluminum, etc.
  • dialkylaluminum halides such as dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diisopropylaluminum chloride, diisobutylaluminum chloride, dimethylaluminum bromide, etc;
  • alkylaluminum sesquihalides such as methylalulminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, isopropylaluminum sesquichloride, butylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, etc;
  • alkylaluminum dihalides such as methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, isopropylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dibromide, etc, and
  • alkylaluminum hydride such as diethylaluminum hydride and diisobutylaluminum hydride.
  • organoaluminum compounds [D] there may also be used a compound represented by the following formula:
  • R 5 is as defined above, Y is --OR 6 , --OSiR 7 3 , --OAlR 8 2 , --NR 9 2 , --SiR 10 3 , or --N(R 11 )AlR 12 2 , n is 1-2 and R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 12 are each methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, etc;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, phenyl, trimethylsilyl, etc; and R;0 and R 11 are each methyl, ethyl, etc.
  • organoaluminum compounds of the formula R 5 n AlY 3-n [IV] include, in concrete, such compounds as mentioned below.
  • organoaluminum compounds as exemplified above formulae [III] and [IV], preferred are those of the formula R 5 3 Al, R 5 n Al(OR 6 ) 3-n or R 5 n Al(OAlR 8 2 ) 3-n , and particularly preferred is that in which R 5 is isoalkyl and n is 2.
  • organoaluminum compounds may be used alone or in combination.
  • the olefin polymerization solid catalyst can be prepared by mixing the above-mentioned particulate carrier [A], the organoaluminum oxy-compound [B], the transition metal compound [C] of group IVB containing a ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton, and if necessary, the organoaluminum compound [D] with or without an inactive hydrocarbon solvent.
  • an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane and kerosene;
  • an alicycloic hydrocarbon such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane
  • aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene and xylene
  • halogenated hydrocarbon such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane; and a mixture thereof.
  • the compound [A] and the compound [B] are mixed and contacted, followed by mixing and contacting the compound [C];
  • the compound [A] and the compound [B] are mixed and contacted, and compound [C] is mixed and contacted, followed by mixing and contacting the compound [D];
  • the compound [A] and the compound [B] are mixed and contacted, and compound [D] is mixed and contacted, followed by mixing and contacting the compound [C]; or
  • the compound [A] and the compound [B] are mixed and contacted, followed by mixing and contacting the pre-mixture of the compound [C] and compound [D].
  • two or more kinds of the compounds [C] may be used.
  • these are preferably pre-mixed, and further, the mixing and contacting are conducted preferably under stirring.
  • the temperature at mixing and contacting the compounds A] to [D] is in the range of from -100° to 200° C., preferably -70° to 100° C.
  • the order of the mixing the compound [A] and the compound [B] is arbitrarily selected, but it is preferred that the further components are gradually added for 5 minutes to 2 hours.
  • the compound [A] and the compound [B] are mixed and contacted under the conditions mentioned above, and further mixing and contacting at -30° to 200° C., preferably 0° to 120° C., for 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours, followed by mixing and contacting the compound [C], if necessary, mixing and contacting the compound [D].
  • the molecular ratio H 2 O/Al) of the compound [A] to [B] in terms of H 2 O of compound [A] to Al atom of the compound [B] is 0.02 to 0.8, preferably 0.05 to 0.6.
  • the compound [C] is used usually in an amount of 10 -5 to 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mol, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 -5 to 10 -3 mol based on 1 g of the compound [A], and the concentration thereof is 10 -4 to 2 ⁇ 10 -2 mol/l, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -4 to 10 -2 mol/l.
  • the atomic ratio [Al/(transition metal)] of the aluminum in the Compound [B] to the transition metal in the compound [C] is usually 10 to 3,000, preferably 20 to 2,000.
  • the atomic ratio (Al D /Al B ) of the aluminum atoms (Al D ) in the compound [D] optionally used to the aluminum atoms (Al B ) in the compound [B] is usually 0.02 to 3, preferably 0.05 to 1.5.
  • the compound [A], [B] and [C], and if necessary the compound [D] are mixed at a temperature of usually -20° to 150° C., preferably 0 to 120° C., with a contact time of 1 to 300 minutes, preferably 5 to 200 minutes. Also, when the mixing and contacting, the mixing temperature may be appropriately changed.
  • the transition metal is supported in an amount of 5 ⁇ 10 -6 to 10 -3 g atom, preferably 10 -5 to 3 ⁇ 10 -4 g atom, and aluminum is supported in an amount of 10 -3 to 10 -1 g atom, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -3 to 5 ⁇ 10 -2 g atom, all the amounts being based on 1 g of the compound [A].
  • the prepolymerized catalyst for olefin polymerization of the invention may also be prepared by mixing the compound [A], compound [B], the compound [C] and if necessary the compound [D], introducing olefin to the resulting mixture, and carrying out prepolymerization.
  • the same inactive solvent as used in the preparation of the olefin polymerization solid catalyst can be used.
  • the compound [C] is used in 10 -2 mol/l.
  • the prepolymerization is carried out at a temperature of -20° to 80° C., preferably 0° to 50° C., with a time of 0.5 to 100 hours, preferably about 1 to 50 hours.
  • olefin used in the prepolymerization is selected from the olefin used in the polymerization, ethylene or a mixture of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin is preferred.
  • the transition metal is supported in an amount of 5 ⁇ 10 -6 to 10-39 atom, preferably 10 -5 to 3 ⁇ 10 -4 g atom, and aluminum is supported in an amount of about 10 -3 to 10 -1 g atom, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -3 to 5 ⁇ 10 -2 g atom, all the amounts being based on 1 g of the compound [A].
  • an amount of prepolymerized polyolefin produced in the prepolymerization is, based on 1 g of the compound [A], from about 0.1 to 500 g, preferably 0.3 to 300 g, particularly preferably 1 to 100 g.
  • the olefin polymerization catalyst of the present invention may further contain useful compounds in addition to the above-mentioned compounds.
  • the olefin is polymerized in the presence of the catalyst for olefin polymerization of the invention.
  • the transition metal compounds [C] is desirably used in an amount (per liter of the polymerization volume) of usually 10 -8 to 10 -3 g atom, preferably 10 -7 to 10 -4 g atom in terms of the transition metal.
  • an organoaluminum compound and an aluminoxane may be used if necessary.
  • Examples of the organoaluminum compound used in the polymerization include compounds similar to the organoaluminum compound [D] described above.
  • the organoaluminum compound is used in an amount of 0 to 500 moles, preferably 5 to 200 moles based on 1 g atom of the transition metal.
  • the olefins which can be polymerized with such the catalyst for olefin polymerization include ethylene and olefins each having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1 -pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, cyclopentene, cycloheptene, norbornene, 5-methyl-2-norbornene, tetracyclododecene, 2-methyl-1,4,5,8-dimethano-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene.
  • styrene, vinylcyclohexane and dienes may also be employed.
  • the polymerization of the present invention can be practiced either in a liquid phase polymerization such as suspension polymerization, or a gas phase polymerization.
  • the same inactive hydrocarbon solvent as employed in the catalyst preparation can be used, and the olefin itself can also be used as a solvent.
  • the olefin polymerization is carried out in the presence of the catalyst as described above for olefin polymerization at a temperature of usually -50° to 150° C., preferably 0° to 100° C., at a pressure of usually a normal pressure to 100kg/cm 2 , preferably a normal pressure to 50kg/cm 2 .
  • the polymerization reaction can be carried out either batch-wise, semicontinuously or continuously. Moreover, the polymerization may also be carried out in two or more steps having different reaction conditions from each other.
  • the molecular weight of the produced polyolefin can be adjusted either by introducing hydrogen in the polymerization system, or by changing the polymerization temperature.
  • the olefin polymers obtained by means of the olefin polymerization catalysts of the present invention have MFR, as measured according to ASTM D1238-65T at 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg, of usually 0.001-100 g/10 min.
  • melt tension (MT) and MFR of the olefin polymers of the invention satisfy the relation represented usually by the following formula.
  • the ethylene polymers prepared according to the present invention in the manner as mentioned above are excellent in melt tension and favorable in moldability.
  • the melt tension is determined by measuring a stress of a molten polymer at the time when it is stretched at a prescribed speed. That is, the resulting polymer particles or pulverized products thereof are dissolved in decane, and the solution is poured in a methanol/acetone (1/1) solution in an amount of more than five times that of the decane to separate a polymer which is then used as a test sample. Using the test sample, the measurement was conducted by means of a MT measuring device manufactured and sold by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho K.K.
  • the ethylene polymer was incorporated previously with 0.1% by weight of 2,6-di-t-butylparacresol as a crosslinking stabilizer.
  • olefin polymerization catalysts of the present invention are used in the preparation of olefin polymers, there are obtained olefin polymers excellent in melt tension and there can be prepared spherical olefin polymers excellent in particle characteristics at high polymerization activity.
  • catalysts of the invention comprising at least two kinds of transition metal compounds of metal belonging to the group IV of the periodic table and containing a ligand having a cyclopentadienyl skeleton are used likewise, there can be obtained olefin polymers having such characteristics as mentioned above and broad in molecular weight distribution, and excellent in melt tension as well as in moldability.
  • a quartz tube of 45 mm in inside diameter placed in an electric furnace was charged with 150 g of silica (F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.), and the silica was dried under a nitrogen stream at 200° C. for 4 hours and then at 700° C.
  • silica F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.
  • the water adsorbed silica weighed 20 g was dried under a nitrogen stream at 200° C. for 4 hours, whereby a loss in weight of 1.14 g was observed. Accordingly, the amount of water of the water adsorbed silica amounts to 5.7% by weight.
  • a nitrogen purged 500 ml egg plant type flask was charged with 10 g of the dried silica obtained above (amount of adsorbed water: 0% by weight) and 145 ml of an organoaluminum oxy compound (methylaluminoxane or Schelling Co. was dried and then dissolved again in toluene, Al concentration: 1.15 gram-atom/l), and held at room temperature for about 1 hour under reduced pressure until no liquid was observed. In this manner, an aluminoxane supported silica was obtained.
  • an organoaluminum oxy compound methylaluminoxane or Schelling Co.
  • a solid catalyst (C-4) was obtained by repeating Example 1 except that in place of the bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride used as the transition metal compound, there was used ethylenebis (indenyl)zirconium dichloride.
  • a nitrogen purged 1-liter glass polymerizer was charged with 1 liter of purified n-decane, and the temperature inside the polymerizer was elevated up to 70° C. while passing therethrough ethylene at a rate of 250 1/hr and hydrogen at a rate of 2 1/hr. Subsequently, 0.02 mmol in terms of Zr atom of the solid catalyst (C-4) obtained in Example 3 was added to the reaction system, and the system was maintained at 75° C. to carry out suspension polymerization of ethylene at ordinary pressure for 2 hours. The polymer thus obtained amounted to 24.7 g.
  • a solid catalyst (C-5) was obtained by repeating Example 1 except that there were used a water adsorbed silica having 5.71% by weight of adsorbed water and ethylenebis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride as the transition metal compound.
  • a solid catalyst (C-6) was obtained by repeating Example 1 except that there were used a water adsorbed silica having 1.46% by weight of adsorbed water, and bis(trimethylsilylpentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as the transition metal compound.
  • Table 2 shows the composition of the catalysts used in the foregoing examples and comparative example.
  • melt tension (MT) of the polymers obtained in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1 were shown in FIG. 1.
  • the melt tension of polymers obtained by means of the same catalyst varies relative to MFR in the manner of straight line as shown in FIG. 1.
  • melt tension of every polymer obtained in the examples is markedly higher than that of the polymer of the comparative example.
  • a quarts tube of 45 mm in inside diameter placed in an electric furnace was charged with 100 g of silica (F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.), and the silica was dried under a nitrogen stream at 200° C. for 4 hours and then at 700° C. for 7 hours.
  • silica F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.
  • the amount of water contained in the water adsorbed silica becomes 2.95% by weight.
  • a nitrogen purged 400 ml glass flask was charged with 85 ml of toluene and 65.2 ml of an organoaluminum oxy compound (methylaluminoxane of Schelling Co. was dried and then dissolved again in toluene, Al concentration: 1.15 gram-atom/l), and the temperature of the system was decreased with stirring to 0° C.
  • To the flask was added in a nitrogen atmosphere 9.0 g of the water adsorbed silica obtained above over a period of 30 minutes. Subsequently, reaction was carried out at 20°-25° C. for 1 hour and at 80° C. for 3 hours. In this manner, there was obtained the catalyst component (A-3).
  • the prepolymerization catalyst (C-8) containing, based on 1 g of silica, 0.12 mg atom of zirconium, 5.9 mg atom of aluminum and 7.5 g of polyethylene was obtained by the same procedure as described in the preparation of (A-3) of Example 9 except that in place of the water adsorbed silica, there was used the dried silica (amount of adsorbed water: 0% by weight).
  • Example 9 The same ethylene/1-butene copolymerization as in Example 9 was carried out except that in place of the prepolymerization catalyst (C-7) used in Example 9, there was used 0.02 mg atom in terms of zirconium atom of the Prepolymerization catalyst (C-8). The polymer obtained amounted 71.5 g.
  • a prepolymerization catalyst (C-9) was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 9 except that there were used the water adsorbed silica having 2.80% by weight of water and bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as the transition metal compound component.
  • the same ethylene/1-butene copolymerization as in Example 9 was carried out.
  • the copolymer obtained amounted to 84.4 g.
  • a prepolymerization catalyst (C-10) was obtained by the same procedure as in Example 9 except that there were used the water adsorbed silica having 1.51% by weight of adsorbed water obtained by using the silica dried at 200° C. for 4 hours and bis(1,3-dimethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as the transition metal compound component. Subsequently, the same ethylene/1-butene copolymerization as in Example 9 except that 50 ml of hydrogen was allowed to co-exist with ethylene and 1-butene. The copolymer obtained amounted 39.3 g.
  • Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-butene was carried out using the prepolymerization Catalyst (C-10) obtained in Example 11 and varying the amount of hydrogen to be added as shown in Table 3.
  • the copolymers obtained amounted to 50.5 g and 32.7 g, respectively.
  • Table 4 shows the component compositions of the catalysts used in the foregoing examples and comparative example.
  • melt tension (MT) of the polymers obtained in Examples 9-14 and Comparative Example 2 were shown in FIG. 2.
  • the melt tension of polymers obtained by means of the same catalyst varies relative to MFR in the manner of a straight line as shown in FIG. 2.
  • melt tension of every polymer obtained in the Examples is markedly higher than that of the polymer of the comparative example.
  • a quarts tube of 45 mm in inside diameter placed in an electric furnace was charged with 150 g of silica (F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.), and the silica was dried under nitrogen stream at 200° C. for 4 hours and then at 700° C. for 7 hours.
  • silica F-948, a product of Fuji Devison Co.
  • the water adsorbed silica weight 20 g was dried under a nitrogen stream at 200° C. for 4 hours, whereby a loss in weight of 1.00 g was observed. Accordingly, the amount of water contained in the water adsorbed silica becomes 5.00% by weight.
  • a nitrogen purged 1-liter glass reactor was charged with 1 liter of purified n-decane and 0.5 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, and the temperature of the system was elevated up to 70° C. while passing therethrough ethylene at a rate of 250 1/hr and hydrogen at a rate of 0.2 1/hr. Subsequently, 0.02 mmol in terms of Zr atom of the solid catalyst (C-12) obtained above, and the system was maintained at 75° C. to carry out suspension polymerization of ethylene at ordinary pressure for 2 hours. The polymer obtained thereby amounted to 60.5 g. The polymerization activity in this case corresponds to 3030 g-PE/mmol-Zr.
  • the thus obtained polymer had MFR of 0.8 g/10 min, Mw/Mn of 4.4 and a melt tension of 6.5 g.
  • the water adsorbed carrier was obtained by repeating the same procedure as described in Example 15.
  • a nitrogen purged 1-liter glass polymerizer was charged with 1 liter of purified n-decane and 0.5 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, and the temperature of the system was elevated up to 70° C. awhile passing therethrough ethylene at a rate of 250 1/hr and hydrogen at a rate of 0.15 1/hr. Subsequently, 0.02 mmol in terms of Zr atom of the prepolymerization catalyst (C-13) obtained above, and the system was maintained at 75° C. to carry suspension polymerization of ethylene at ordinary pressure for 2 hours. The polymer obtained thereby amounted to 72.2 g. The polymerization activity in this case corresponds to 3610 g-PE/mmol-Zr.
  • the polymer thus obtained had MFR of 0.65 g/10 min, Mw/Mn of 4.2 and a melt tension of 7 g.

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DE69226564T3 (de) 2004-04-08
EP0515132A2 (de) 1992-11-25
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DE69226564T2 (de) 1999-01-14
EP0515132A3 (en) 1993-01-27
US5296565A (en) 1994-03-22

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