US511886A - Jules garnier - Google Patents
Jules garnier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US511886A US511886A US511886DA US511886A US 511886 A US511886 A US 511886A US 511886D A US511886D A US 511886DA US 511886 A US511886 A US 511886A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- garnier
- metal
- oxide
- jules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002633 protecting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000088 Lip Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MWAYJIAKVUBKKP-IUCAKERBSA-N Met-His Chemical compound CSCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N[C@H](C([O-])=O)CC1=CN=CN1 MWAYJIAKVUBKKP-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001484 Trigonella foenum graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005216 Trigonella foenum-graecum Species 0.000 description 2
- 101700065062 andA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
Definitions
- 'Myinvention relates-to an improved pro- I cess for thelextraction of nickel from its oxides andpigs in a particular apparatus.
- This invention consists of an improved method to obtain this result.
- the apparatus consists of a furnace mounted on trunnions ab and having a basic lining c, of which the casing d is cooled by currents of cold water supplied through the trunnion c and pipes h to perforated pipes i from which it flows down the casing d and is collected in gutters k at bottom. Hot air is blown in through the trunnion b and pipe e to the chainber f whence it is projected through the tuyeres y situated at the side opposite to the pouring o lip.
- the blowing apparatus is so arranged that it can blow in air at the reduced pressure usual in cupolas, or at the higher pressure necessary in converters. In practice it is preferable to employ two separate blowing machines and to control the blast from the one or the other by means of valves.
- Another feature is that for the purpose of cleaning the apparatus the bottom plate j is easily removable after first inverting the apparatus and discharging the lumps while stili hot, a fresh bottom prepared and heated being then applied and the operation recom menced, and so on.
- the object in view is as follows: When nickel oxide is melted in a cupola furnace, the
- the metallic nickel which immediately forms disengages its oxygen which combines with the charges of fuel, but within the sphere of action of the blast from the tuyeres the nickel remains liquid only in consequence of the extremely high temperature, since it has lost its sulphur, a portion of its arsenic and phosphorus (if any) and has not assimilated carbon or silicon in suiiicient quantity to give it fluidity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
l J. GARNIER. PROCESS OF BXTRAGTING NICKEL PROM ITS OXIDES. No. 511,886.
Patented Jan. 2, 1894.`
1 I I x l l l x STATES? PATENT 'PJ'VULES GARNIER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
PRocEssopF ExTRAcTiNG To all 'whom it ,may concern:
Be it known that I,`.IULES GARNIER, of the city of Paris, France, have invented an Improved Process for the Extraction of Nickel from its Oxides and Pigs in a Particular Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear,
and exact description.
'Myinvention relates-to an improved pro- I cess for thelextraction of nickel from its oxides andpigs in a particular apparatus.
In'the metallurgical treatment of nickel according to most of the methods in use, a more or less impure oxide of nickel is obtained, from which it is necessary to extract the metal 1n as pure a condition as possible, that is to say, practically deprived of carbon, silicon, sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, dre.
This invention consists of an improved method to obtain this result.
The apparatus employed in carrying out the process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which- Figures 1 and 2 represent vertical sections thereof taken in planes at right angles to each other.
The apparatus consists of a furnace mounted on trunnions ab and having a basic lining c, of which the casing d is cooled by currents of cold water supplied through the trunnion c and pipes h to perforated pipes i from which it flows down the casing d and is collected in gutters k at bottom. Hot air is blown in through the trunnion b and pipe e to the chainber f whence it is projected through the tuyeres y situated at the side opposite to the pouring o lip. The blowing apparatus is so arranged that it can blow in air at the reduced pressure usual in cupolas, or at the higher pressure necessary in converters. In practice it is preferable to employ two separate blowing machines and to control the blast from the one or the other by means of valves.
Another feature is that for the purpose of cleaning the apparatus the bottom plate j is easily removable after first inverting the apparatus and discharging the lumps while stili hot, a fresh bottom prepared and heated being then applied and the operation recom menced, and so on.
The object in view is as follows: When nickel oxide is melted in a cupola furnace, the
NICKEL FROM lli'vvs oxipias. i
` srncnjic'xrronlforniingpartof LettersPate-nt No.511,ese,datea January 2,1894.. A i 1 l l--Appiimionieaiipriiis,139e. semina 470.147.
(No specimens.)
nickel is readily reduced but without being carburized, or rather the carbon which coinbines is almost entirely burned out in front of the tuyeres, and the result is that the metal adheres to the sides and quickly forms a lump which would not occur were it possible to incorporate carbon and silicon with it. VTo obviate-this objection I rst produce by the ordinary processes from a portion of the nickel oxide to be con. The apparatus before described having been brought to a White heat, I charge it with and limestone and other fluxes, so as to produce an extra basic and duid slagcontaining only from ten to twenty per cent. of silica. The metallic nickel which immediately forms disengages its oxygen which combines with the charges of fuel, but within the sphere of action of the blast from the tuyeres the nickel remains liquid only in consequence of the extremely high temperature, since it has lost its sulphur, a portion of its arsenic and phosphorus (if any) and has not assimilated carbon or silicon in suiiicient quantity to give it fluidity. It is at this point that the action of the extra carburized and siliconized nickel before referred to, 'intervenes to prevent the clogging of the melting chamber, care having been taken to run in this extra carburized nickel before charging it with nickel oxide, so that when the nickel reduced from the oxide reaches the basin of the furnace it there meets with the extra carburized nickel which c dissolves it and so prevents the formation of lumps. In running in the carburized nickel, the apparatus is tilted and care is taken to prot-ect the nickel as much as possible from the air by means of Wood charcoal thrown upon the iiuid metal. Moreover an extra basic slag is first run in, which the carburized nickel must traverse before it reaches the bottom. This slag not only protects the carburized nickel from the oxidizing action of the air but also carries o a considerable proportion of the sulphur it may contain. The carburet of nickel might be charged at the same time as the oxide, but in this case the necessary proportion of carbureted nickel is greater, as the oxide is reduced partly at the expense of the carburet. In any case the or by the oxygen of the oxide, Y
treated, a nickel very rich in carbon and silialternate layers of bricks of nickel oxide, fuel,
. rings, this extra 25 charging is discontinued as soon as the quantity of metalintrod'uced either inthe form of oxide or carburet issufiicient to till' the furnace basin to the height of the tuyeres, the charges being melted with a moderate pressure of the blast. Immediately the whole of the metal is collected at the bottom, the apparatus is tilted to discharge the whole of the slag and then returned toward the upright position until the. bath reaches the tuyeres when the blast under high pressure is turned on whereby the combustion of the carbon,sili con, arsenieand phosphorus, contained inthe metal is eifected with formation of fresh slag which is facilitated byadding a certain quantity of iime and fluxes. There still remains in the nickel in intimate admixture therewith a certain proportion of'dust from the walls and added lime. The dust o-fextra basic composition would be prejudicial ytof-the homogeneity of the metal yand"` diminish its strength vand toget rid of it the nickel is run on. tothesilicious hearth of a Siemens furnace in which, after repeated stir basic dust becomes scoriied with the silica from the furnace lining. -In order to obtain the metal in a practically pure condition there now only remains to add to the bath a deoxidizingagent in as pure a condition as possible,- such as ferro-manganese, ferrofal-uminium, &c;r
yIt will be understood thatthe apparatus herein described vmay be fixed andA provided with two blasts, the scoria and metal being tappedoft in the ordinary manner. j; It will also be evident that this improved method of treatment is applicable to the metallic oxides of cobalt and of iron (residues of the calcination of pyrites, hammer-scale, rich and but slightly siliciousores), to the oxides of chromium and titanium, (itc.
The process or method'of' treating oxides of nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, titanium, the., which consists in eecting their reduction in a basic apparatus, in contact with extra basic slags and carburizing and silicifying the metal to prevent the formation of a lump by adding,r a carburet and silicide of said `inetalythen blowing the metal at high`A pressure for completing its renement, and finally running the 5o metal on to the silicious hearth of a Siemens furnace to eliminate the extra basic dust of v lime andscoriain mechanical admixture therewith.
The foregoing specification of yfmy im- 55 proved process for the extraction of vnickel from its oxides and pigs in a partieularappaf f;
ratus signed by methis 28th day of March, 1893.
' JULES GARNIER." Witnesses: v
DAVID T; S. FULLER, ALBERT MoREAUx.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US511886A true US511886A (en) | 1894-01-02 |
Family
ID=2580709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US511886D Expired - Lifetime US511886A (en) | Jules garnier |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US511886A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3831633A1 (en) * | 1988-09-17 | 1990-03-22 | Heidolph Elektro Gmbh & Co Kg | Arrangement for measuring torques, especially on brushless DC motors |
-
0
- US US511886D patent/US511886A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3831633A1 (en) * | 1988-09-17 | 1990-03-22 | Heidolph Elektro Gmbh & Co Kg | Arrangement for measuring torques, especially on brushless DC motors |
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