US509890A - Brick-kiln - Google Patents

Description

v 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. P. GONDBR.

(No Model.)

BRICK KILN. Patented'nec-5, 189s.

l .Iv l 1. -MBV Il ll l. L l NQLIII (No Moden.) 5 sheetssheet 2..

P. GONDER A l BRICK KILN. No. 509,890. Patented Deo. 5,1893.`

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Modem P. GONDER.

BRICK KILN. i

Patented Deo. 5,11893.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets- Sheet 4.

l P. GONDER.

BRICK KILN.

No. 509,890. l Patented Dec. 5,1893.

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn Y.

, 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. P. GONDER. BRICK KILN.

(No Model.)

Patented Deo 5, 1893 if@ ff,

mi /z 15555,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PHILIP GONDER, OF CANTON, OHIO.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 509,890, aerea December 5, 189s.

Serial No. 474,600. (No model.)

the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the an- VneXed drawings, making a part of this specifcation, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in Which--` Figure 1, is a perspective view showing the location and arrangement of the kiln proper, and showing a portion of the furnace wall remoyed, for the purpose of illustrating the location and arrangement of the arches together with their different parts. Fig. 2, is a view showing the location and arrangement of the flues to be located below the kiln floor; also showlng a portion of the kiln Hoor properly laid and ready to receive the brick designed to be burned; also showing the arrangement of the furnace grates, and the pocket-wall foundation, together with the pocket wall properly started. Fig. 3, isa vertical section of the furnace, showing the location of the pocket wall when properly nished, and also showing the dierent air passages, located. within the pocket wall, and within the arch. Fig. 4, is a detached View of a single arch, illustrating a portion of the furnace wall and furnace door frame properly located. Fig. 5, 1s a detached view showing a portion of the furnace door bar ortrack properly located and a door properly suspended therefrom. Fig. 6, is a view showing a portion of the outer or furnace wall, showing the door frame properly located and also the door plate. Fig. 7, is a detached view of the furnace door frame, and oor plate, showing the frame broken for the purpose of illustrating the shape of the doorframe in cross section. Fig. 8, is a detached view of the furnace door plate. Fig. 9, is a detached view showing a portion of the furnace door frame and illustrating the inner side or portion of said frame; also showing the connecting plate or lug. Fig. l0, is a View showing the bottom or lower ends of the kiln staves or braces, illustrating the manner of anchoring said kiln staves or braces. Fig. 11, is a view showing a portion of the kiln wall, and illustrating a portion of one of the arches, also showing manner of connecting the air passages. Fig. 12, is a view, showing a portion of the kiln wall and one arch, and illustrating the position of the air passages, said figure being a longitudinal section of the arch.

The present invention has relation to brick kilns, and it consists in the dierent parts and combination of parts hereinafter described, and the novel manner of constructing the kiln.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In the accompanying drawings A represen ts the end and side walls of the kiln proper,which, when properly constructed, form a rectangular kiln, substantially ot' the form shown in Fig. l.

The top or upper part of the kiln is covered or inclosed by the arch or crown B, which arch or crown is constructed in the ordinary manner.

Belowthe kiln iioor proper are located a number of iiues such as a., andare formed of sufficient width and depth to provide the desired amount of draft.

For the purpose of distributing the draft, to the different iiues located and formed in the side of the kiln proper, the longitudinal partition b, and the cross partition b. are provided, thereby providing a more direct draft to the flues hereinafter described.

For the purpose of providing a means for placing the kiln oor brick C, in such a position that they willproperly cover the lines a., and at the saine time provide a means for aY direct communication from the interior of the 9o kiln to theflues, the walls or partitions C are provided, which walls or partitions are located and arranged substantially as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The chimney fiues D, are startedin the foundations of the furnace or kiln walls, and communicate with the flues ct, which fluesare located below the kiln licor proper. At the bottom of the furnace or kiln wall, is located a chimney flue, upon each side of the furnaces,

IOO

as illustrated in Fig. 2, which lines are battered as they are brought up with the kiln wall until they meet and formone flue, which is extended up and beyond the kiln wall, by means of the chimneys D. It will be understood that there are two lines for each chimney, thereby reducing the number of chimneys, and at the same time reducing the cost of construction. Between the battered chimneyA [lues D, are located the bearing arches E, which bearingarches are located and arranged substantially as illustrated in Figs. l and 4.

The. bearingarches E, are preferably formed of the same class and kind of brick, that the kiln walls proper are formed of. Below the supporting arches E, are located the furnace arches F, which furnace arches are formed of what isA known as fire brick, and as shown in Figsl and 4, said furnace arches areseparated from the supporting arches by means of theair passages G, which air passages are for the double purpose of providing two separate and dist-inct arches, thereby providing a means for removing the furnace arches F, without disturbing in any manner the supporting arches, thereby providing a means for renewing the furnace arches after they have been burned out,or destroyed,from any other cause. It will be understood that by providing the air passages G, the fu rnace archesF, will be permitted to expand and contract without'disturbing in any manner the supporting arches E, or the kiln walls proper. The air passages G, are extended downward as illustrated in Fig. 4, thereby inclosing the entire furnace wall or be seen that the furnace wall proper is to a certain extent a separate and distinct structure from the balance of the kiln proper. For the purpose of connecting the air passages G, the main kiln wall Ais provided with the air space H, which air space H, runs longitudinally with the side walls of the kiln; and for the purpose of connecting the walls located upon two sides of the air passage H, a sufficient number of tie bric-ks h, are employed to properly connect the divisions of the kiln walls. Below the furnace arches F, and at the bottoms of the furnaces proper, are located thegrate bars I, which grate bars may be constructed in the ordinary manner, and held in pro-per position in any convenient andwell known manner. At the inner ends of each of the furnaces, there is located a pocket wall J, which Wall is semicircularA in cross section, as illustrated in Fig. 2, and is built up within the kiln to within a short distance of the heel or base of the crown or arch B. These pocket Walls are for the purpose of conducting the flame or heat to the topV or upper part of the kiln.

For the purpose of closing the inner ends of the furnace proper the short cross walls L, are provided, which cross walls are built to such a height that they will form a stop or back wall for the furnace grates; it being understood that said walls should not be built to a height so as to interfere with the passage of the smoke and heat, to the top or upper portion of the kiln. For the purpose of providing a pocket wall that will permit the same to expand and contract by heat and cold, without injury, the air passage 7c, is formed in the pocket wall, which extends about half the height of the pocket wall Vproper. The portion of the pocket wall J,

provided with the air passage, is formed double, and the top or upper end of the air passage communicates with the interior of the pocket wall as illustrated in Fig. 3. Along the front edges ofthe arches E and F, is built a wall M, inclosing the arches proper, said wall being best illustrated in Fig. l, a. portion of saidwall being shown in Fig. 4. WVithin the wall M, are located the door frames N, which door frames aren formed of sufficient size to provide an opening to feed fuel to the furnace proper. These door frames N, are provided with the right angled anges h', which right angled flanges are for the purpose of protecting the corners of the wall. At the bottom of the door proper is located the door plate O, which door plate is` provided with the offset h2, and the lugs h3, said lugs being for the purpose of receiving the apertures 71.4, formed in the. flange h5, thereby securely uniting thebottom or lower end of the door frame, to the plaie O.

For the purpose of preventing the. side Walls A, of the kiln proper from bulging or spreading, the kiln staves or braces P, are arch F. By this arrangement, it will readily provided, and are located upon each side of the kiln, substantially as illustrated in Fig.

' 1. For the purpose of securely anchoring the bottom or lower ends of the staves or braces P, the yokes P', are provided, which yokes are provided with the. screw threaded ends,

`which receive the screw threaded nuts by means of which the crossbars P2, are secu-rely held against the outer edges of the, staves or .braces P, and thereby binding said staves or braces between the cross bars, and the outer faces of the kiln wall proper. The yokes P', are each provided with the arms P3, which arms` are provided upon their inner ends with the hooks P4, said hooks being engaged with the longitudinal bar P5@ It will be understood that the bars P3 and P5, are to be embedded in the` kiln wall proper, thereby securely anchoring the staves or braces P. The top ends of the staves or braces P, are se-` curely bound together by means of ordinary tie rods, which extend across the top of the kiln proper, and are provided with the ordinary screw threaded collars for the purpose of tightening the tie rods.

Each of the chimney lines D, is provided with, a damper R, which dampers are located substantially as shown in Fig. l, and are for the purpose hereinafter described. From the chimney flues D, lead the cooling holes S, which cooling holes are to be covered by a IOC) hinged door or otherwise, when not in use. Aftera kiln of brick has been properly burned, and 1t is desired to cool the kiln, the cooling holes S are opened, and the dampers R are closed, thereby permitting cold air to enter the dues D, below the closed dampers, and extending downward through the chimney flues, and into the floor fines a, thence upward through the kiln Iioor and the brick, and finally to escape through the proper openlng provided in the top of the crown B.

For the purpose of providing a means for easily operating the furnace door T, the angle bar such as T, is provided, and located substantially as illustrated in Fig. 1, except that said bar may be located somewhat higher than lllustrated in said ligure, if desiredg-as it will be understood that my improvement can be carrled out without reference to any particular location of the bar or track T. The angle bar or track T, is securely held in proper positlon by means of a number of bars such as T2, built in the wall, and the track riveted or bolted to the bars T2, substantially as illustrated in Fig. 5. The doors T, are each provided with the arms T3, which arms extend upward and their upper ends provided with the grooved pulleys T4, which grooved pulleys roll back and forth upon the track T.

It will be understood that by my peculiar manner of hanging the doors T, they can be easily moved back and forth and thereby provide a means for easily opening or closing the doors.

For the purpose of preventing the grate bars I, being destroyed by excessive heat, the water pans U are located below the grate bars I, and at the bottom of the ash pits U', as illustrated in Fig. 3. During the time a kiln of brick is being burned, water is placed in the water pans U, thereby providing a means for gooling the bottoms or under sides of the grate ars.

The air passage H, extends to the top of the kiln wall proper, as illustrated in Fig. 3, and its bottom or lower end is continued horizontally to the outer face of the kiln wall, as illus trated in said Fig. 3, thereby permitting cold air to enter said air passage and causing a current of' air to circulate through said passage. It will be understood that tie bricks should be employed at intervals along the horizontal portion of the air passage, a sufficient number being employed to support the wall above said passage, and at the same time be so distributed, so as not to materiallyinterfere with the entrance of air.

For the purpose of permitting air to enter the air passage G, the outer kiln wall or furnace wall should be set at a short distance away from the front faces of the arches E and F, thereby permitting air to enter said air passages.` K

It will be understood that by providing the air passages as above described, the main kiln walls will not crack by reason of expansion or contraction, thereby increasing the durability of the kiln walls proper.

As shown in Fig. 3, an air passage is provided which is located to one side and below the furnace proper, which leads through the wall and connects with the air passage located `within the pocket wall; said air passage being designated by the letter B. The furnace wall M, located in front of the arches E and F, and provided with the cooling holes S, is one continuous wall from end to end, and above the ash pit and the furnace openings is a solid wall, except the openings provided to receive the staves or braces as illustrated in Fig. l. The ends of the wall M, are built solid with the kiln wall A, and the top of the wall M is connected with the kiln wall, thereby inclosing the space between the ends of the arches E and F, and at the same time leaving a space between the inner faces of the wall M, and the outer faces of the arches E and F. By this arrangement, it will be` understood that the arches will be permitted to expand and contract withoutinterfering with the wall M, or the kiln walls A, thereby preventing the lateral strain of either the kiln walls A, or

the furnace walls M.

For the purpose of connecting the air passages G and I-I, the air passages A' are provided, which air passages extend through the walls of the supporting arches E. In use I prefer to locate one of the openings or passages A at the top of the supporting arch, and an opening upon each side of the supporting arch; but it will be understood that these openings may be varied, as to location and number without departing from the nature of myinvention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of a kiln, constructed substantially as described, having located below the door thereof a series of fines, and partitions b and b', a kiln iioor located above the lines a, the arches E, and F, the air passages G, located between the arches, the pocket walls J provided with air passages, the chimney flues D located between the arches, and the chimneys D', leading from the flues D, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of a brick kiln, of the class described, provided with iiues below the ioors thereof, a kiln Afioor located above the ground fines, theiiues D, communicating with the iues a., the arches E and F, and separated from each other and the pocket walls J, substantially as and for the purpose specied.

3. The combination of a kiln of the class described, and provided upon the sides thereof with arches such as E and F, separated from each other to form an air passage G, communicating with the air passage I-I, through the air"passagcs A', substantially as and for the purpose specied.

4. The combination of the kiln such as de- IIO scribed, and provided upon the sides thereof with arches, such as E and F, the air passages G, H, and A', grates located Within the arches7 and Water pans, located below the grates, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. The combination of a kiln, provided with staves or braces P, the yokes P', having screw threaded ends, the cross-bars P2, the arms PS .provided with hooks, and the longitudinal

Images