US5006900A - Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus - Google Patents
Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US5006900A US5006900A US07/375,110 US37511089A US5006900A US 5006900 A US5006900 A US 5006900A US 37511089 A US37511089 A US 37511089A US 5006900 A US5006900 A US 5006900A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- holes
- vacuum
- receiving sheet
- drum
- transfer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1665—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat
- G03G15/167—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat at least one of the recording member or the transfer member being rotatable during the transfer
- G03G15/1685—Structure, details of the transfer member, e.g. chemical composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
- B23K26/384—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of specially shaped holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
- B23K2101/35—Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for transferring electrostatically held toner images to a receiving sheet. More specifically, this invention relates to such apparatus including a transfer drum having vacuum holes or the like for holding the receiving sheet as it passes through transfer relation with a toner image. It also relates to a method of making such a transfer drum.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,712,906 shows an electrophotographic color printer which forms consecutive images in different colors that are transferred in registry to a receiving sheet.
- the receiving sheet is wrapped on a transfer drum or roller and recirculated on the surface of the drum into transfer relation with the consecutive images to create a multicolor image on the sheets.
- large sheets for example, "ledger” size sheets are placed on the drum with the small dimension parallel to the axis of the drum and wrapped substantially around the transfer drum.
- Small sheets, for example, "letter” size sheets are placed with their long dimension parallel to the axis of the drum. Since the short dimension of letter size sheets is approximately half the long dimension of ledger size sheets, two letter size sheets are placed on the drum in approximately the same space as the single ledger size sheet.
- Bothner invention is difficult to utilize with gripping fingers because the leading edge of the second letter size sheet is positioned at approximately the middle of a ledger size sheet.
- retractable fingers may be made to work, but for many applications they would leave substantial image artifacts in a ledger size sheet.
- Bothner therefore suggests the use of vacuum holes which are positioned at the leading edge of each of the smaller sheets and may or may not both be activated for the ledger size sheet.
- the artifacts may be acceptable if they were confined to the leading edge of all sheets, where image information is unlikely.
- the Bothner apparatus forces at least one line of vacuum holes, for the leading edge of the second small sheet, to the middle of a large sheet.
- the Bothner apparatus shows a transfer drum having an aluminum base with a polyurethane coating of intermediate conductivity.
- the intermediate conductivity allows the creation of a relatively strong transfer electric field without electrical breakdown in the nip. It is believed that the failure to transfer toner over a vacuum hole is due to lack of continuity of the electric field in that region when a less conductive, for example, a dry transfer sheet is being used.
- a transfer member which has a line of closely spaced laser drilled holes.
- each of the laser drilled holes is generally conical in shape, that is, it is larger at the inner surface of the outer layer of the transfer member than it is at the outer surface.
- the opening means is formed in the core.
- flow preventing means is applied to the core to prevent a flow of material into the opening means.
- the top layer is coated on top of the core providing a layer partly defined by the flow preventing means. The top layer is then laser drilled.
- holes that are generally conically shaped are formed in the transfer drum by three alternative methods.
- a short focal length lens is used to focus the laser beam at a position in the vicinity of the outer surface of the outer layer of the drum.
- the focal length of the lens is such that the beam spreads as it approaches the inner surface of the layer providing a conically shaped hole.
- the direction of a laser beam is rotated relative to the outer surface of the outer layer of the drum around a position in the vicinity of the outer surface to form a generally conically shaped hole having a neck at that position.
- a third alternative method of forming generally conically shaped vacuum holes is to form the exterior layer of the drum on a generally reflective core, for example, a normal aluminum core. As the hole is drilled with the laser, laser light will reflect off the aluminum core destroying some of the layer material next to the core thereby forming a generally conically shaped hole. According to this method it is generally preferable to form the vacuum opening means in the core after formation of the conically shaped hole.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a printer constructed according to the invention, with many parts eliminated for clarity of illustration.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a portion of a transfer apparatus in which the invention is usable.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a transfer drum shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship of vacuum hole size, the presence of artifacts and the surface resistance of the receiving sheet.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a portion of a row of vacuum holes constructed according to the invention showing the top of the vacuum holes in solid lines and the bottoms of the vacuum holes in phantom.
- FIG. 6 is a partially schematic side cross-section illustrating manufacture of a vacuum hole according to the invention.
- FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are side sections similar to FIG. 6 illustrating an alternative method of forming a vacuum hole, which vacuum hole is shown in FIG. 9.
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 are side sections similar to FIG. 6, illustrating another embodiment of a method of making a vacuum hole, which vacuum hole is shown in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13 is a side cross-section similar to FIG. 6 illustrating another embodiment of making a vacuum hole according to the invention.
- a film core portion of a copier or printer includes an image bearing member, for example, an endless electrophotoconductive web 1 entrained about a series of primary rollers 2, 3, 4 and 5, and other supporting structure, for example, film skis 6.
- Web 1 is driven through a series of electrophotographic stations generally well-known in the art. More specifically, a uniform charge is laid down on the web 1 by a charging station 7. The uniformly charged web moves around printheld roller 2 which is directly opposite an LED printhead 8 which LED printhead exposes the web 1 in a manner well-known in the art. The web then moves into operative relation with an electrometer 9 which senses the level of a charge existing after exposure of the web by printhead 8, to help control the process.
- the web then moves into operative relation with a series of toning or developing stations 10, 11, 12 and 13. Each image created by printhead 8 is toned by one of the toning stations. After being toned the web passes a magnetic scavenger 14 which removes excess iron particles picked up in the toning process. After the electrostatic image has been toned the web passes under a densitometer 15 which measures the density of the toner image also for use in controlling the process. The toner image then proceeds to a transfer station 16 where the image is transferred to a transfer surface of a receiving sheet carried by a transfer drum 18.
- the transfer drum 18 includes vacuum holes 19 (FIGS. 2-3) for securing the receiving sheet thereto for repeated presentations to web 1.
- the transfer drum 18 cooperates with web 1 to incrementally bring the receiving sheet and the toner image into transfer relation so that the toner image is transferred to the receiving sheet.
- a suitable biasing means for example, electrical source 70
- This process has been well-known in the art for many years, see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,482.
- the web 1 or the drum 18 could be at ground, conventionally the conductive backing is at ground and the drum at a relatively high voltage. For example, if the toner to be transferred is positively charged, the drum can be biased to -3000 V by electrical source 70.
- a multi-image mode for example, a multicolor mode
- consecutive images or pairs of images are toned with different colored toners using the different toning stations 10-13.
- These consecutive images are transferred in registry to the receiving sheet as it repeatedly is brought into transfer relation with the web 1 by the drum 18.
- the receiving sheet is allowed to follow the web, for example, by removing the vacuum holding it to the drum 18 or by stripping the sheet with a skive, other conventional stripping mechanism, or both.
- the receiving sheet is separated from the web with the aid of an electrostatic sheet transport mechanism 21 and is transported to a fuser 40.
- the web is then cleaned by the application of a neutralizing corona and a neutralizing erase lamp and a magnetic brush cleaning mechanism all located at a cleaning station 22.
- the transfer drum 18 is driven by a motor 37, the drum 18 in turn driving the web 1 through a sprocket 32 which engages perforations 30 (FIG. 2).
- the sprocket 32 also forms part of a registration and timing system which includes a sprocket 31 on printhead roller 2 which sprocket is linked to an encoder 33.
- the encoder 33 feeds signals indicative of the angular position of sprocket 31 to a drive 34 for the printhead 8 which drive 34 times the application of information from an information source 35 to the printhead 8.
- the receiving sheet After the receiving sheet leaves the fuser 40 it can go directly to an output tray 41 or be deflected by a deflector 45 into a duplex path according to the position of deflector 45, the position of which is controlled by the logic of the apparatus through means not shown.
- the duplex path moves the sheet by rollers and guides directing it first through a passive deflector 46 into turn-around rollers 50.
- Turn-around rollers 50 are independently driven to drive the receiving sheet into turn-around guide means 51 until the trailing edge thereof has been sensed by an appropriate sensor, not shown, to have passed passive diverter 46.
- the turn-around rollers 50 are reversed and the receiving sheet is driven by rollers 50 and other sets of drive rollers 52, 53, and 54 back to a position upstream of the transfer station 16.
- the receiving sheet can pass through registration mechanisms for correcting for skew, crosstrack misalignment and in-track misalignment and ultimately stop at alignment rollers 55.
- Transfer station 16 receives sheets from any of three sources. First, it can receive sheets of one particular size from a first supply 25, which first supply may include, for example, letter size sheets being fed with their short dimension parallel with the direction of feed. Second, it may receive sheets from a second supply 26, which, for example, may include ledger size sheets with their long dimension parallel to the direction of movement. Third, the transfer station 16 may receive sheets from the duplex path as controlled by rollers 55 which may include either size sheet and would already contain a fused image on its upper side. The receiving sheets from whatever source, stop against timing rollers 17. In response to a signal from the logic and control of the apparatus, not shown, timing rollers 17 accelerate to drive the receiving sheet into the nip between the transfer drum 18 and the web 1 as the first toner image to be transferred approaches the nip.
- the duplex path is of a length that takes multiple sheets at one time depending on the length of the sheets. For example, four letter size sheets may be in the duplex path at one time or two ledger size sheets. If the printer is printing different images on different sheets, the logic and control of the apparatus must supply the necessary programming to the exposure and toning stations so that the sheets ultimately fed to the output tray 41 are in the correct order considering the number of sheets that must be in the duplex path. Such programming is known in the art, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,453,841 (Mead).
- Transfer drum 18 is best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- vacuum holes 19 are positioned across the length of drum 18 to grip the leading edge of a receiving sheet.
- Vacuum is applied to the holes from a source of vacuum shown schematically as 80 through suitable conduits and valves, some of which are not shown.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,712,906 is incorporated by reference herein and shows more details of a suitable mechanism for applying and releasing the vacuum at the appropriate times for the holes gripping the leading edges of receiving sheets.
- the drum 18 has an aluminum core and a polyurethane outer layer.
- the polyurethane is of an intermediate conductivity, for example, it may have a resistivity of 5 ⁇ 10 9 ohm/cm.
- Transfer drums having an outer layer or layers of intermediate conductivity are well-known and have certain advantages over drums having greater conductivity.
- the outer layer is shown as a single layer, but can be formed of more than one layer. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,781,105, Meagher, issued Dec. 25, 1973 for a discussion of some of the advantages of intermediate conductivity transfer drums and illustrating use of a two outer layer drum.
- the polyurethane layer is conductive in the sense that it helps establish the electrical field urging transfer.
- vacuum holes 19 grip the leading edge of a first letter sized receiving sheet 66 which encompasses slightly less than half the circumference of the drum 18.
- the leading edge of a second letter size sheet 67 is gripped by another row of vacuum holes 39.
- vacuum holes 29 located along the trailing edge of the sheets assist in the holding process, preventing creep of the receiving sheet on the drum surface and thereby preventing misregistration of images.
- a set of vacuum holes 59 can be positioned along one or both lateral edges of the image areas to provide additional holding force.
- the diameter of the vacuum hole that does not show a visible artifact varies inversely with the resistance of the receiving sheets. This is demonstrated in FIG. 4 where the diameter of a vacuum hole which is at the threshold of defect visibility is plotted against the surface resistivity of the receiving sheet.
- a normal sheet of paper in a relatively humid environment may not show a defect with a vacuum hole as large as 3.0 mm or larger.
- a resin based sheet commonly used for transparencies may still show a defect with holes at or below 0.4 mm in diameter.
- the hole should have a diameter less than 1.0 mm. However, for highest quality results in very dry conditions, especially with duplex copies, 0.5 mm to 0.65 mm diameter holes are preferred.
- the problem with transparencies can be treated in several ways.
- Some transparency stock is more conductive, e.g., 10 13 -10 14 ohms/square in resistivity. Such stock can be used with holes between 0.50 and 0.65 mm without the artifact. Even with less conductive stock, the defect with an opening 0.5 to 0.65 mm in a transparency is a very small defect. If, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, most transparency reproductions are letter size, the defect may only occur in the margin of transparencies, and being small may be acceptable. Alternatively, very small 0.4 mm openings can be used. Some of the preferred embodiments of the invention produce openings that small that will not clog in a relatively clean machine environment. For most applications, however, the former approach with 0.5 to 0.65 mm openings and more conductive transparency stock is preferred.
- the holes have a tendency to plug up, and manufactureability of the hole becomes a problem.
- the invention we have solved these problems by providing a large number of small laser drilled holes, shown greatly magnified in FIG. 5.
- they are placed in a straight line and as close together as possible while maintaining the structural integrity of the outer layer of the transfer drum. For example, with relatively precise laser drilling in excess of 4 holes 1 mm in diameter can be obtained to the centimeter. With smaller sized holes, more density can be obtained.
- the holes Preferably, to prevent clogging of the holes with paper dust, toner particles, fusing oil, and the like, the holes have been drilled in a generally conical shape.
- the narrow portion of the hole shown in solid circles in FIG. 5 provides the continuity for the transfer field while the rest of the hole, being gradually larger, as it goes toward the inside of the drum is less restricting and less likely to clog with particles.
- substantial vacuum force can be consistently applied with holes having a diameter (at their neck) even less than a 0.5 to 0.65 mm range. Within this range, electrical continuity of the field is excellent for high resolution images.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a method of manufacturing such small holes with a conical shape.
- An aluminum core 51 has a vacuum opening 52 of substantial size, for example, 5 mm. It can be drilled by conventional techniques or formed in the original core manufacturing process.
- a layer 53 of at least intermediate conductivity for example, a layer of polyurethane having conductive additives making its resistance in the neighborhood of 5 ⁇ 10 9 ohm-cm, is coated or otherwise applied to the surface of aluminum core 51.
- Layer 53 may, for example, be 6 mm thick.
- a laser 55 generally of the type commonly used for fine drilling, would ordinarily have a fairly long focal length lens, say, 120 mm to concentrate the energy of the laser through a substantial thickness of material.
- a relatively short focal length lens 56 for example, a 60 mm lens, is used to focus a beam 57 at a position at or just below the surface of layer 53.
- the spread of the laser beam from lens 56 is an inverse function of its focal length. Therefore, with a short focal length lens the beam 57 spreads substantially as it passes through material 53 thereby forming a generally conically shaped hole 58.
- the vacuum hole 58 should have a smallest diameter somewhat larger than 0.1 mm.
- the commercial laser drilling apparatus automatically moves the laser beam in a circle to form holes of diameter larger than the size of the beam. That approach is also effective with a short focal length lens 56 to create a generally conical hole.
- the point of focus may purposely be placed slightly below the outer surface of layer 53.
- the conical hole may in fact have its smallest diameter slightly below the surface.
- the term "conical" will be used herein to describe any shape which is generally larger at its base than it is at its top.
- Prior vacuum holes in transfer drums have been manufactured by drilling holes, for example, 5 mm in diameter, directly through both layer 53 and layer 51 thereby forming essentially a single hole through both materials.
- drilling holes for example, 5 mm in diameter
- direct mechanical drilling of holes smaller than 1 mm through materials as different as polyurethane layer 53 and aluminum layer 51 has proven to be quite difficult.
- straight laser drilling through both surfaces of both materials have a tendency to create substantial heat in drilling through the aluminum which heat has an adverse effect on the adhesion between the polyurethane and the aluminum. Therefore, in practicing the method illustrated in FIG. 6, vacuum opening 52 is drilled or formed by conventional means prior to the application of layer 53.
- FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show a method of providing the starting product for the process shown in FIG. 6.
- the aluminum core has been drilled with vacuum opening 52.
- a piece of thin tape 60 is placed over vacuum opening 52.
- the polyurethane is then molded or otherwise formed on top of the core 51 with the tape 60 preventing the polyurethane from sinking into opening 52 creating depressions in the surface and clogging opening 52.
- a conical hole 58 is drilled through both layer 53 and tape 60.
- the tape is chosen to not reflect the laser radiation.
- a conventional foam molding plug could also be used.
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the method for forming a generally conical vacuum hole in layer 53.
- a conventional laser beam 57 is applied to layer 53.
- Layer 53 has been coated on aluminum core 51 but no vacuum opening has been drilled in core 51. Because of the somewhat diffuse reflectivity of the surface of core 51 some of laser beam 57 is reflected at substantial angles from that of the incoming beam. This reflection has a tendency to destroy portions of layer 53 adjacent the core 51 forming a generally conical vacuum hole 58. Care must be taken to not overheat the layer interface or the bond between the polyurethane and the aluminum may be damaged around the hole.
- Laser beam 57 is shown as a parallel beam. However, all present commercial laser drilling beams have some spread even with use of a relatively long focal length lens. This small spread of itself will directly form a vacuum hole only marginally preferable to a strictly cylindrical hole. However, with the additional spreading from the portion of the beam reflected off the aluminum surface, a conical hole with a base in excess of 11/2 the diameter of the neck can be formed.
- Aluminum core 51 must now be drilled quite carefully from the bottom to form an appropriate vacuum hole. This is shown in FIG. 11 using a large bit 80 which only slightly removes portions of layer 53 forming the end product shown in FIG. 12. This particular process has the disadvantage of requiring drilling of opening 52 from the rear of the core, which in many instances is inconvenient. It also requires quite precise drilling to avoid damage to layer 53.
- opening 52 can be drilled before applying layer 53 as in FIGS. 7-9.
- An appropriately reflective surface for example, the surface of an aluminum plug is placed in opening 52 for the laser drilling process itself.
- the aluminum plug reflects the laser beam as in FIG. 10 and is removed after the drilling process.
- FIG. 13 shows still another alternative approach to laser drilling a conical vacuum hole.
- either the laser or the core 51 is tilted so that low spread laser beam 57 is rotated about a position 68 to form a generally conical vacuum hole in layer 53.
- the end product is a hole that has a small enough opening at its narrowest point to reduce the usual discontinuity in the transfer electrical field. At the same time because that narrow portion of the opening is not as thick as the layer 53, the opening is less likely to clog with paper dust and toner particles.
- the vacuum holes are placed as close together as possible in a straight line, and if there is substantial spread in the hole as it approaches the inner surface of layer 53, the bases of the holes will overlap, see FIG. 5. Because of this the vacuum opening 52 may appropriately be a long narrow opening that communicates with a number of vacuum holes.
- a single tape 60 would cover an opening or openings that communicate with a number of vacuum holes.
- the diameter of the hole at the interface between layer 53 and vacuum opening 52 should be greater than 11/2 times that of the diameter at the neck or narrowest portion of the hole. With a 6 mm thick layer 53, the wider diameter can be greater than 3 times that of the narrower, creating what appears to be a long narrow groove in the rear of layer 53.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/375,110 US5006900A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1989-07-03 | Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus |
PCT/US1990/003634 WO1991000552A1 (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1990-06-29 | Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus |
DE69004225T DE69004225T2 (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1990-06-29 | IMAGE TRANSFER APPARATUS WITH VACUUM HOLES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF. |
JP2510727A JP2933387B2 (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1990-06-29 | Transfer device with vacuum holes |
EP90911236A EP0432258B1 (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1990-06-29 | Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus |
US07/631,114 US5119550A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1991-02-19 | Method of making transfer apparatus having vacuum holes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/375,110 US5006900A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1989-07-03 | Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US07/631,114 Division US5119550A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1991-02-19 | Method of making transfer apparatus having vacuum holes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5006900A true US5006900A (en) | 1991-04-09 |
Family
ID=23479535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US07/375,110 Expired - Lifetime US5006900A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1989-07-03 | Transfer apparatus having vacuum holes and method of making such apparatus |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5006900A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0432258B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2933387B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69004225T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991000552A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5155535A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-10-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Transfer apparatus having a transfer member with vacuum means |
US5291260A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-03-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a transfer drum with a vacuum sheet holding mechanism |
US5414501A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1995-05-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus for forming images on both surfaces of recording material |
US5473419A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-12-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a duplex path with an inverter |
US5523544A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1996-06-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Perforated vacuum transport drum and method of manufacture |
US5589920A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1996-12-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus in which plural transfer media are carried concurrently |
US5619746A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-04-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus having recording material bearing member |
US5629762A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a duplex path and/or an inverter |
US5870648A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1999-02-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus and method using a transfer member for carrying a plurality of sheets |
US20110123236A1 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Image forming apparatus and image forming method |
US20130119028A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2013-05-16 | Alexander Kuhn | Device for processing pipes by means of a laser beam |
US20150266685A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Device for transport of bristles for brush production comprising a baffle plate with conically shaped vents |
US9561671B1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-02-07 | Xerox Corporation | Ink jet coaxial drum system with inter-copy gap tracking |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5208980A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1993-05-11 | Compag Computer Corporation | Method of forming tapered orifice arrays in fully assembled ink jet printheads |
GB9202434D0 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1992-03-18 | Xaar Ltd | Method of and apparatus for forming nozzles |
DE4436156C1 (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 1996-03-21 | Heinzl Joachim | Aerostatic bearing and method for manufacturing an aerostatic bearing |
DE19905571C1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2000-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process for creating conical holes using a laser beam |
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WO1988004443A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Roller transfer apparatus |
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- 1990-06-29 JP JP2510727A patent/JP2933387B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-29 EP EP90911236A patent/EP0432258B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-29 DE DE69004225T patent/DE69004225T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4740813A (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-04-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Locating and tacking mechanism for a roller transfer apparatus |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5155535A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-10-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Transfer apparatus having a transfer member with vacuum means |
US5414501A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1995-05-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus for forming images on both surfaces of recording material |
US5291260A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-03-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a transfer drum with a vacuum sheet holding mechanism |
US5523544A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1996-06-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Perforated vacuum transport drum and method of manufacture |
US5619746A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-04-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus having recording material bearing member |
US5589920A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1996-12-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus in which plural transfer media are carried concurrently |
US5473419A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-12-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a duplex path with an inverter |
US5870648A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1999-02-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus and method using a transfer member for carrying a plurality of sheets |
US5629762A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image forming apparatus having a duplex path and/or an inverter |
US20110123236A1 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Image forming apparatus and image forming method |
US8238806B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-08-07 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Image forming apparatus and image forming method |
US20130119028A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2013-05-16 | Alexander Kuhn | Device for processing pipes by means of a laser beam |
US20150266685A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Device for transport of bristles for brush production comprising a baffle plate with conically shaped vents |
US10221026B2 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2019-03-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Device for transport of bristles for brush production comprising a baffle plate with conically shaped vents |
US9561671B1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-02-07 | Xerox Corporation | Ink jet coaxial drum system with inter-copy gap tracking |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0432258B1 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
EP0432258A1 (en) | 1991-06-19 |
DE69004225D1 (en) | 1993-12-02 |
JPH04500872A (en) | 1992-02-13 |
DE69004225T2 (en) | 1994-05-19 |
WO1991000552A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
JP2933387B2 (en) | 1999-08-09 |
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