US4998848A - Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4998848A US4998848A US07/329,183 US32918389A US4998848A US 4998848 A US4998848 A US 4998848A US 32918389 A US32918389 A US 32918389A US 4998848 A US4998848 A US 4998848A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- container
- cryo
- contaminants
- ground
- solid material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004078 cryogenic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
- E21B43/082—Screens comprising porous materials, e.g. prepacked screens
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with the field of removing fluid contaminants from solid materials, and in particular, with a method and apparatus for removing such contaminants from the ground in an economical and ecologically safe manner.
- Soil contamination resulting from petrochemical spills, toxic waste spills, radioactive wastes, and other chemicals presents a potentially serious problem. Such contaminants may find their way beneath the surface of the earth to the level of the water table below, thereby contaminating such water with potentially catastrophic and expensive consequences.
- a particular hazard is presented by underground storage tanks used for the storage of gasoline, solvents and other petrochemicals. Because the storage tanks are so often underground, leaks that may develop as a result of corrosion or earth movement may remain undetected for significant periods of time, during which the hazardous materials stored in such tanks continue to seep into the ground presenting a threat to the water table. In some cases, such tanks become abandoned and forgotten, often while some of the hazardous materials remain inside.
- the tank and the contaminated soil are both removed.
- the ground surface above the tank which may be asphalt or concrete, is removed.
- the tank is then drained of any residual fluid and partially backfilled with an absorbent agent before the tank is removed from the ground.
- the ground around the tank is then profiled to determine where the soil has been contaminated from the leakage from the tank.
- the contaminated soil is then removed from the ground, loaded in trucks, and hauled from the site. Other soil must be brought in to replace that which is removed.
- the removed soil is still contaminated, there still remains a problem of what to do with the contaminated soil.
- such soil is trucked several hundreds miles or more.
- the soil is spread in a relatively thin layer over the surface of the desert, for example, where the level of the water table is located at some depth below the surface of the earth and where the contaminated soil may be aerated so that the contaminated materials are eventually evaporated, assisted by the heat in the desert environment. It will be appreciated that the removal of soil in such a manner, at least for the short term, merely results in the contaminated soil being relocated at considerable expense and the problem not being eliminated.
- An additional object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus by which the level of the ground contamination may be monitored, so that the process of removing the contamination may be terminated when a level of contamination below that which is considered unsafe is all that remains. Still, an additional object of the present invention is to achieve the above objects in a manner which may provide benefits to the soil through induced aeration and the introduction of nitrogen gas.
- the present invention has for an object the providing of a method and apparatus for the removal of fluid contamination from an essentially solid material, the removal of contaminants from the soil being an important example.
- the present invention provides a method and apparatus for removing gaseous or vaporizable contamination from a solid material through which vapor molecules may travel in a manner that does not require the wholesale removal of the contaminated solid material.
- a container for holding a cryo-adsorbing substance is provided.
- the container has a surface for placement adjacent to the contaminated solid material through which gaseous contaminants may enter the container.
- the cryo-adsorbing substance is cooled so that molecules of the contaminant gases entering the container are cryo-adsorbed by the substance, thereby being removed from the solid material.
- the removal of contaminants from the ground may be accomplished, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing a cylindrical container whose cylindrical surface is provided with openings through which molecules of contaminants may enter the container.
- the container is filled with a cryo-adsorbing substance, such as granules of charcoal which provide a large surface for adsorption.
- a hole is bored into the ground of approximately the same diameter as the cylindrical container and the cylindrical container inserted therein. Thereafter, a cryogenic liquid, preferably liquid nitrogen, is introduced into the cylindrical container, cooling the charcoal granules so that efficient cryo-adsorption of the molecules of gaseous contaminants occurs.
- the temperature of the cryo-adsorbing substance is monitored, so that the container may be removed from the soil and the contaminants desorbed from the cryo-adsorbing substance.
- the contaminants may be analyzed as to species and quantity, so that a determination may be made as to the level of remaining contamination and the advisability of continuing the contamination removing procedure according to the present invention.
- procedures to desorb contaminants from the cryo-adsorbing substance in situ may be utilized.
- the present invention may be utilized with respect to other solid materials to remove contaminants therefrom.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention as it might be utilized in order to remove subsurface contamination at a site where a tank for storing gasoline or the like was previously buried.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cartridge of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown disposed in the ground and partially cut away.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention for regenerating the cryo-adsorbing substance and monitoring and collecting gases desorbed during the regeneration process.
- a cartridge 8 comprising a container 10 holding a cryo-adsorbing substance 12, the lateral surface 18 of the container 10 being provided with openings 20, is placed into a hole 14 in the ground 16 such that the surface 18 is adjacent to the ground.
- a cryogenic liquid 24 from a dewar 26 is pumped into the container 10 through delivery line 28 so that the cryo-adsorbing substance 12 is cooled by the liquid 24.
- the temperature to which the cryo-adsrobing substance 12 is cooled by the liquid 24 is such as to render the cryo-adsrober of molecules of contaminants which traverse the openings 20 in the cartridge 8.
- Cartridge 8 comprises a container 10 that is preferably essentially cylindrical in shape.
- the cylindrical lateral surface 18 of container 10 is provided with openings 20 over that portion of surface 18 which is to be inserted into the ground 16.
- openings 20 are to permit contaminants in gaseous form to enter the container 10 to be adsorbed and thereby removed from the ground 16
- openings 20 it is preferable to have as much of the surface 18 as possible consist of openings 20 as may be permitted and still maintain the structural integrity of container 10, which must be filled with material as will be described, as well as placed in the ground and otherwise handled.
- the container 10 may be fabricated of a metal material, such as stainless steel or the material commonly referred to "G-10", although it is to be understood that other structural materials may be utilized, and in specific circumstances may be preferred.
- the openings 20 may actually comprise larger openings in the lateral surface 18 over which screen material or other material porous to the contaminants to be removed is placed.
- container 10 is preferred, as holes placed into the ground and into other materials are generally cylindrical.
- the hole 14 in the ground 16 may be formed by an apparatus for digging post holes or for drilling wells, the container 10 may advantageously be sized to be accommodated in such a hole 14. It is within the scope of the present invention, however, to have containers that are otherwise sized and shaped.
- Container 10 has an endplate 30 provided with an inlet 22 through which a liquid cryogen may be introduced into container 10.
- a tube 32 extends from inlet 22 toward the bottom of container 10 to facilitate the introduction of a cryogenic liquid 24 into container 10, as is well known in the art.
- An outlet valve 34 is also provided in endplate 30 to facilitate the purging of container 10 as will be described.
- a cryo-adsorbing substance 12 is placed within container 10.
- the presently preferred cryo-adsorbing substance 12 is charcoal.
- the charcoal 12 is preferably selected to comprise pieces of charcoal whose relation to the holes 14 is such that the pieces of charcoal are at least unlikely to be inadvertently dislodged from container 10 through holes 14.
- Container 10 is essentially filled with the charcoal 12 to make up the cartridge 8.
- cryo-adsorbing substance 12 materials other than charcoal as the cryo-adsorbing substance 12, including substances and materials which have not yet been developed. These materials are known as “getters”. Another getter material is zeolite. Sintered formed carbon is another material having cryo-adsorbing capability. Presently, charcoal referred to as activated charcoal is preferred. It should be understood herein that "cryogenic” is used herein in a relative sense to refer to a temperature differential between the cryo-adsorbing substance 12, such as charcoal, and the solid material, such as the ground 16. The present invention is not limited in potential applicability to situations where the temperature of the solid material is within the range normally experienced in the preferred embodiment.
- cryogenic liquid 24 is liquid nitrogen, which has a boiling point of approximately 77° Kelvin (°K.).
- Liquid nitrogen 24 is an inexpensive, readily available cryogenic liquid, which may be delivered to the site where the contaminants are to removed from the ground 16 in large dewars or by truck 36.
- a vacuum-jacketed delivery line 28 is connected between the dewar 26 and the inlet 22 for cartridge 8, as is well known in the art.
- the liquid nitrogen 24 introduced into container 10 through inlet 22 cools the charcoal 12 so that the charcoal 12 becomes an efficient cryo-adsorber compared to such substance in an uncooled state. It is of course within the scope of the present invention to use other cryogenic materials.
- the present invention operates on the principle that when a cryo-adsorbing substance 12, such as charcoal, is cooled by a cryogenic liquid 24, such as liquid nitrogen, molecules which strike the cryo-adsorbing substance 12 have a likelihood of adhering thereto, the degree of likelihood depending on the cryo-adsorbing substance 12, its temperature, and the particular molecule. This likelihood is quantified in a factor known as the sticking coefficient.
- a partial vacuum is created in the area of cryo-adsorbing substance 12, drawing other molecules to the area where they may also be cryo-adsorbed. The partial vacuum increases the vapor pressure of contaminants that are subject to the partial vacuum, so that molecules of such contaminants that are not vaporized have an increased likelihood of vaporizing and thus being cryo-adsorbed.
- soil or other material is placed adjacent the top portion of the cartridge 8 to form a partial seal 15 to reduce the condensation of gases from the atmosphere on or in the cooled cartridge 8.
- liquid nitrogen 24 is introduced into cartridge 8 to cool the charcoal 12 initially to a temperature at the boiling point of nitrogen, approximately 77° K.
- a valve at inlet 22 is closed and the delivery line 28 of dewar 26 may be removed from inlet 22.
- charcoal 12 will gradually experience a temperature rise and liquid nitrogen 24 within the cartridge 8 will boil away.
- the temperature at one or more points within container 10 is preferably monitored while cartridge 8 is in the ground 16.
- temperature sensors 38 are disposed at three positions along the length of container 10 to monitor the temperature therein. Temperature sensors 38 may be of types well known in the art to monitor low temperatures, and as is well known in the art, provided with remote readouts. At a predetermined temperature sensed by one or more of the temperature sensors 38, cartridge 8 is removed from the hole 14 in the ground 16. Such a predetermined temperature is selected based on the determined acceptable efficiency of cryo-adsorption for the contaminants of concern. Alternatively, cartridge 8 may be removed after a predetermined amount of time.
- regeneration chamber 40 is an open-topped stainless steel container provided with a hinged cover 42 which may be sealingly closed over the top of regeneration chamber 40.
- Regeneration chamber may obviously be formed of different materials and take different configurations.
- Regeneration chamber 40 is sized to accommodate cartridge 8 which is inserted therein through the open top which is then sealingly closed by hinged cover 42.
- a releif valve 44 and a port 46 for vacuum pump out is also provided. The port 46 is connected through a liquid nitrogen trap 48 to a vacuum system 50 which pumps upon the charcoal 12 causing the cryo-adsorbed molecules thereon to desorb.
- the desorbed molecules may be pumped by vacuum system 50 to a collection system to be disposed of as desired or may be exhausted into the atmosphere.
- a gas analyzer 52 may advantageously be connected between the regeneration chamber 40 and the vacuum system 50 so that the species and quantity of specific contaminants may be determined.
- the gas analyzer 50 may be provided with a readout 54, which may be a visual display or a printed record.
- the specifics and the utilization of the liquid nitrogen trap 48, the vacuum system 50, the gas analyzer 52 and the readout 54 will vary depending upon the circumstances and may be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art. Using the readout 54, a decision may be made as to whether or not the regenerated cartridge 8 should be replaced into the hole 14 to further remove contaminants from the ground 16 as has been described or whether some other action should be taken.
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described with respect to a method and apparatus for removing contaminants from the ground.
- the present invention is of more general applicability.
- Contaminants disposed within other solid materials may be removed using the method and apparatus of the present invention, provided the contaminants have a sufficiently high vapor pressure when the invention is utilized and the solid materials are sufficiently porous to the vaporized molecules of the contaminants.
- the contaminant absorber cartridge 8 may be regenerated in situ. Such regeneration may be accomplished using a gas purge, cryogenic pumping and/or heating in a wide variety of specific ways. For example, with inlet valve 22 closed, a vacuum system may be connected to the opened outlet valve 34 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 3 with respect to the cartridge 8 being placed in a regeneration chamber 40. In addition, a heating mechanism 56 may be disposed within the cartridge and activated to heat the cryo-adsorbing substance 12 causing it to desorb the contaminants through outlet valve assisting the vacuum system.
- the method and apparatus of the present invention may be utilized in a permanent installation.
- a permanent installation For example, around and under nuclear storage containment areas, it would be desirable to monitor and/or remove critical seepages from such areas.
- An apparatus according to the present invention capable of being regenerated in situ may advantageously be disposed beneath and around such areas to control such contamination. The specifics of the design of such apparatus and its operation would of course depend on the particular circumstances.
- liquid nitrogen which boils off beneath of the surface of the ground permeates the surrounding soil and may tend to reverse the normal downward seepage path of residual vapors that are not cryo-adsorbed. Also, the nitrogen may activate or aerate the soil allowing contamination in the ground to be more effectively processed by nutrients therein.
- the present invention is most effective in removing contaminants from the soil when the soil is dry or relatively dry.
- cryogenic substance disposed in closed tubes within the container of the contaminant adsorber cartridge, rather than be in actual contact with the cryo-adsorbing substance and subject to escape through the openings in the cartridge.
- the cartridge may be formed of a material through which vapors of comtaminants may pass, without macroscopic physical openings therein, if such materials exist or are developed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (28)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/329,183 US4998848A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1989-03-27 | Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants |
US07/599,404 US5066166A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1990-10-17 | Apparatus for removing ground contaminants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/329,183 US4998848A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1989-03-27 | Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/599,404 Continuation-In-Part US5066166A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1990-10-17 | Apparatus for removing ground contaminants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4998848A true US4998848A (en) | 1991-03-12 |
Family
ID=23284248
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/329,183 Expired - Lifetime US4998848A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1989-03-27 | Method and apparatus for removing ground contaminants |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4998848A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5188041A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-02-23 | Roy F. Weston, Inc. | Apparatus and method for low temperature thermal stripping of volatile organic compounds from soil and waste materials with non-oxidative co-current gases |
US5288330A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-02-22 | Tuboscope Vetco International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing contaminants from particulate material |
US5297895A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1994-03-29 | Ron Johnson | Method and apparatus for controlling silt erosion |
US5302287A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-04-12 | Tuboscope Vetco International | Method for on site cleaning of soil contaminated with metal compounds, sulfides and cyanogen derivatives |
US5324137A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-06-28 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
US5391020A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1995-02-21 | Sdvc, Inc. | Method for removing a substance from a medium |
US5413129A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1995-05-09 | Worldwide Remediation, Inc. | Apparatus and method for removing hydrocarbons from soils and gravel |
WO1995029772A1 (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-11-09 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
US5490531A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1996-02-13 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Apparatus for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from solid materials |
US5496395A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-03-05 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | System for recovering organic solvent in soil |
US5667339A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1997-09-16 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminataed earth |
US5730550A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-03-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ |
US20150041409A1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Aquablok, Ltd. | Reactive Treatment Cell and Systems For Environmental Remediation |
CN109209300A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of anti-collapse hole method for sealing of complete opening depth sieve pipe of deep fractures drilling |
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US3943722A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1976-03-16 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Ground freezing method |
US4129431A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1978-12-12 | Rose Shuffman, Executrix U/W Oscar Shuffman, Deceased | Cryothermal manipulation of petroleum |
US4157016A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1979-06-05 | Acker Jan R | Cryogenic beach cleaner |
US4195524A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1980-04-01 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method and apparatus for collecting and storing environmental gases |
US4582516A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1986-04-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fast regenerating adsorption column |
US4582609A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1986-04-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Filtration device and method |
US4597444A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-07-01 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for excavating a large diameter shaft into the earth and at least partially through an oil-bearing formation |
US4619673A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-10-28 | Multiform Desiccants, Inc. | Adsorbent device |
US4660385A (en) * | 1981-11-30 | 1987-04-28 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Frost control for space conditioning |
US4676694A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1987-06-30 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for the congelation of grounds by means of a cryogenic liquid |
-
1989
- 1989-03-27 US US07/329,183 patent/US4998848A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3943722A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1976-03-16 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Ground freezing method |
US4129431A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1978-12-12 | Rose Shuffman, Executrix U/W Oscar Shuffman, Deceased | Cryothermal manipulation of petroleum |
US4157016A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1979-06-05 | Acker Jan R | Cryogenic beach cleaner |
US4195524A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1980-04-01 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method and apparatus for collecting and storing environmental gases |
US4582516A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1986-04-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fast regenerating adsorption column |
US4660385A (en) * | 1981-11-30 | 1987-04-28 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Frost control for space conditioning |
US4582609A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1986-04-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Filtration device and method |
US4676694A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1987-06-30 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for the congelation of grounds by means of a cryogenic liquid |
US4597444A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-07-01 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for excavating a large diameter shaft into the earth and at least partially through an oil-bearing formation |
US4619673A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-10-28 | Multiform Desiccants, Inc. | Adsorbent device |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5297895A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1994-03-29 | Ron Johnson | Method and apparatus for controlling silt erosion |
US5188041A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-02-23 | Roy F. Weston, Inc. | Apparatus and method for low temperature thermal stripping of volatile organic compounds from soil and waste materials with non-oxidative co-current gases |
US5391020A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1995-02-21 | Sdvc, Inc. | Method for removing a substance from a medium |
US5288330A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-02-22 | Tuboscope Vetco International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing contaminants from particulate material |
US5302287A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-04-12 | Tuboscope Vetco International | Method for on site cleaning of soil contaminated with metal compounds, sulfides and cyanogen derivatives |
US5551799A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1996-09-03 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
US5324137A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-06-28 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
US5667339A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1997-09-16 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminataed earth |
US5413129A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1995-05-09 | Worldwide Remediation, Inc. | Apparatus and method for removing hydrocarbons from soils and gravel |
US5496395A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-03-05 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | System for recovering organic solvent in soil |
US5490531A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1996-02-13 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Apparatus for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from solid materials |
WO1995029772A1 (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-11-09 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
US5730550A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-03-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ |
US20150041409A1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Aquablok, Ltd. | Reactive Treatment Cell and Systems For Environmental Remediation |
US11554969B2 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2023-01-17 | Aquablok Ltd. | Reactive treatment cell and systems for environmental remediation |
CN109209300A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of anti-collapse hole method for sealing of complete opening depth sieve pipe of deep fractures drilling |
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