US499407A - Fumigation - Google Patents
Fumigation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US499407A US499407A US499407DA US499407A US 499407 A US499407 A US 499407A US 499407D A US499407D A US 499407DA US 499407 A US499407 A US 499407A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- matter
- chromium
- vaporization
- fumigation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 title description 18
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019749 Dry matter Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000717739 Boswellia sacra Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001600451 Chromis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004863 Frankincense Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940036248 Turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/208—Hydrogen peroxide
Definitions
- My invention relates to the vaporization of whatever matter may be desirable for fumigation, and is applicable to all purposes for which fumigation may be applied.
- the object of my invention is to produce vapor by the action of heat generated by placing combustible matter in contact with oxide of chromium, and then igniting the mixture and allowing it to maintain an incandescent condition Without flame, and with the matter to be vaporized in direct contact with the oxide of chromium,it is obvious that its use can not be confined to anyone specific purpose.
- the purpose of my invention is to vaporize matter, and the choice of agents capable of vaporization by my process, or the use to which it may be applied must be left to the one who uses it.
- Organic matter thus ignited in contact with oxide of chromium will if purely volatile be vaporized, and the chromium oxide remains. If the organic matter ignited in contact with oxide of chromium be non-volatile, then it will be consumed, and will leave the oxide 'of chromium contaminated with the incombustible residue.
- I may add to the oxide of chrocombustible organic matter which would not be vaporized by the heat of glowing oxide of chromium, and add to the mixture any substance, organic or inorganiccapable of vaporization by the heat generated by igniting the mixture.
- This process of fumigation or vaporization of matter differs from the well known process by means of such agents as furnish oxygen, and will support combustion when air is excluded. By my process the oxygen must be derived from the air. It also differs from methods of vaporization by the application of heat supplied outside of the matterto be vadesirable for the purpose of fumigation or vaporization.
- heat supplied outside of the matterto be vadesirable for the purpose of fumigation or vaporization As an example of non-combustible matter capable of vaporization by heat, which I may vaporize by mixing it with or dissolving it in combustible matter for the purpose of vaporization by my process, may be mentioned, mercury, iodine, &c. Any matter capable of vaporization by heat may be mixed with matter capable of maintaining combustion or incandescence in oxide of chromium when ignited and allowed to burn without flame, and be used for the purpose of my invention.
- olibanum as an example of dry matter of a different nature, naphthaline.
- Either of these substances may be mixed with from one to five parts to one part of oxide of chromium. About equal parts by weight will always be successful. Mix the ingredients together, then ignite the mixture, and to avoid flame, a good way is to take up a little of the mixture on the point of a small knife blade, light it with a match, and if it flames, let the flame burn out, then drop the glowing oxide on the mixture to be vaporized.
- spirit of turpentine may be taken, which may be mixed with oxide of chromium in about the proportions above named for dry matter, and then observe the same precautions about igniting the mixture.
- the oxide left after the oil has been vaporized may be used repeatedly for the same purpose, and any other volatile oil may be alternately or repeatedly vaporized in the same way, and with the same oxide of chromium.
- the process may be made continuous by bringing the liquid in contact with the oxide of chromium in such a manner that the quantity will be continuously supplied.
- chloride of mercury one grain, oxide of chromium and combustible organic matter, of each five grains, mix all together, and ignite as above described.
- the organic matter will support slow combustion, and the heat will vaporize the chloride of mercury.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.
EDWARD WATSON, OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.
'FUMIGATION.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,407, dated June 13, 1893. Application filed January 23, 1892. Serial No. 419.076. (Specimena) To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, EDWARD WATSON, residing at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fumigation, which are set forthin the annexed specification.
My invention relates to the vaporization of whatever matter may be desirable for fumigation, and is applicable to all purposes for which fumigation may be applied.
Inasmuch as the object of my invention is to produce vapor by the action of heat generated by placing combustible matter in contact with oxide of chromium, and then igniting the mixture and allowing it to maintain an incandescent condition Without flame, and with the matter to be vaporized in direct contact with the oxide of chromium,it is obvious that its use can not be confined to anyone specific purpose.
Fumigation is applied to many practical purposes, among which may be mentioned,
the vaporization of medicinal agents for in-- halation, of matter for disinfecting purposes, for the preservation of matter from putrefaction, or the ravages of insects or other pests, or to render clothing, or localities obnoxious to their presence, or for the vaporization of matter as a perfume, or as an insecticide, &c.
The purpose of my invention is to vaporize matter, and the choice of agents capable of vaporization by my process, or the use to which it may be applied must be left to the one who uses it. Organic matter thus ignited in contact with oxide of chromium will if purely volatile be vaporized, and the chromium oxide remains. If the organic matter ignited in contact with oxide of chromium be non-volatile, then it will be consumed, and will leave the oxide 'of chromium contaminated with the incombustible residue. In this process when oxide of chromium has been ignited in contact with volatile organic matter, the volatile matter is mostly transformed into vapor, by the heat of the incandescent oxide, before it comes in direct contact with the glowing oxide, and the vapor passing through or in contact with the oxide maintains the incandescent condition.
In practice I may add to the oxide of chrocombustible organic matter which would not be vaporized by the heat of glowing oxide of chromium, and add to the mixture any substance, organic or inorganiccapable of vaporization by the heat generated by igniting the mixture.
In igniting a mixture of oxide of chromium and organic matter for the purpose of generating vapor, it must not be allowed to flame, and if when ignited, a flame is started, it must be at once extinguished, as the flame would consume the organic matter. The best way in practice would be to ignite the mixture with a coal or spark, or, to use a primer of a little oxide of chromium witha substance which would not easily start with a flame, and then transfer it to the more highly inflammable mixture. In preparing this combination forfumigation, care must be exercised, that the oxide of chromium be not overloaded with organic matter, as, with too much organic matter present, it is diflicult to maintain an incandscent condition of the oxide of chromi um,
without a flame. Inasmuch as the agents used for fumigation are almost unlimited, they may be used separately or in combination. In selecting oxide of chromium for the purpose, that made by decomposing chromate or bi-chromate of ammonium is far preferable.
This process of fumigation or vaporization of matter, differs from the well known process by means of such agents as furnish oxygen, and will support combustion when air is excluded. By my process the oxygen must be derived from the air. It also differs from methods of vaporization by the application of heat supplied outside of the matterto be vadesirable for the purpose of fumigation or vaporization. As an example of non-combustible matter capable of vaporization by heat, which I may vaporize by mixing it with or dissolving it in combustible matter for the purpose of vaporization by my process, may be mentioned, mercury, iodine, &c. Any matter capable of vaporization by heat may be mixed with matter capable of maintaining combustion or incandescence in oxide of chromium when ignited and allowed to burn without flame, and be used for the purpose of my invention.
Having described my invention, and given the general rules to be observed in applying it for the purpose of vaporizing matter generally, it may bewell to describe one or more forms, or methods of applying it according to the specification.
As an illustration of a mixture of dry matter, we may take as an example of gums, olibanum, as an example of dry matter of a different nature, naphthaline. Either of these substances may be mixed with from one to five parts to one part of oxide of chromium. About equal parts by weight will always be successful. Mix the ingredients together, then ignite the mixture, and to avoid flame, a good way is to take up a little of the mixture on the point of a small knife blade, light it with a match, and if it flames, let the flame burn out, then drop the glowing oxide on the mixture to be vaporized.
As an illustration of a liquid substance, spirit of turpentine may be taken, which may be mixed with oxide of chromium in about the proportions above named for dry matter, and then observe the same precautions about igniting the mixture. The oxide left after the oil has been vaporized may be used repeatedly for the same purpose, and any other volatile oil may be alternately or repeatedly vaporized in the same way, and with the same oxide of chromium.
In vaporizing liquid matter, as the requirements are, that the matter to be vaporized be in contact with the ignited oxide of chromium, the process may be made continuous by bringing the liquid in contact with the oxide of chromium in such a manner that the quantity will be continuously supplied.
As an illustration of vaporizing volatile noncombustible matter, may be given, chloride of mercury, one grain, oxide of chromium and combustible organic matter, of each five grains, mix all together, and ignite as above described. The organic matter will support slow combustion, and the heat will vaporize the chloride of mercury.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is-- 1. The herein-described process of fumigation or vaporization of matter, which consists in mixing with or bringing in contact with oxide of chromium, combustible organic matter to be vaporized, and then igniting the same,
. and allowing the oxide of chromium to remain in an incandescent condition without aflame, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The herein-described process of fumig. tion or vaporization of matter, which consists in mixing with or bringing in contact with oxide of chromium, combustible organic matter, and non-combustible matter capable of vaporization by heat, and then igniting the mixture, and allowing the oxide of chromium to remainin an incandescent condition without a flame, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
EDWA'RD WATSON.
Witnesses:
Jos. J. EMERY, CORNELIUS L. HARVEY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US499407A true US499407A (en) | 1893-06-13 |
Family
ID=2568241
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US499407D Expired - Lifetime US499407A (en) | Fumigation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US499407A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2606858A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1952-08-12 | Ici Ltd | Thermally vaporizable pesticide |
-
0
- US US499407D patent/US499407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2606858A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1952-08-12 | Ici Ltd | Thermally vaporizable pesticide |
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