US4817459A - Engine starting and power generating system - Google Patents
Engine starting and power generating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4817459A US4817459A US07/137,590 US13759087A US4817459A US 4817459 A US4817459 A US 4817459A US 13759087 A US13759087 A US 13759087A US 4817459 A US4817459 A US 4817459A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- hydraulic unit
- hydraulic
- power generating
- engine starting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
- F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
- F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
- F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
- F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
- F16H2047/045—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion the fluid gearing comprising a plurality of pumps or motors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
- Y10T74/19033—Fluid drive divides or combines alternate paths
Definitions
- This invention relates to an engine starting and power generating system, and more specifically, to such a system specifically adapted for use in aircraft wherein a dynamoelectric machine coupled to an aircraft engine may be selectively employed as a motor to start the engine or as a generator to generate electrical power for the aircraft.
- the Reynolds et al system is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein there is shown an engine and associated gear box 10.
- An output shaft 12 from the engine and gear box 10 extends to a mechanical summer 14 which preferably will be a differential of known construction.
- the mechanical summer has three movable elements, one of which is connected to the shaft 12, and a second of which is connected via a shaft 16 to a dynamoelectric machine 18 which can alternatively serve as a generator during a power generating mode or as a synchronous motor during an engine starting mode.
- the third rotary element of the differential 14 is connected via a shaft 20 to a normally fixed displacement hydraulic unit 22.
- Hydraulic lines 24 and 26 extend between the normally fixed hydraulic unit 22 and a variable displacement hydraulic unit 28.
- the variable hydraulic unit 28 is coupled via a shaft 30 to the shaft 16. Suitable gearing may be interposed between the various components and reference may be made to the previously identified Reynolds et al patent for further system detail.
- the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the above problems.
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention achieves the foregoing objects in a system including an engine requiring a first torque level input to be started, a dynamoelectric machine alternatively useable as a motor in an engine starting mode or as a generator in a power generating mode and requiring a second torque level input less than the first torque level input to operate in the power generating mode, and means interconnecting the engine and the machine.
- Such interconnecting means include a mechanical summer and first, second and third hydraulic units, the third hydraulic unit being a variable displacement hydraulic unit.
- Hydraulic lines connect the first and second hydraulic units to the third hydraulic unit in parallel with each other and the first and third hydraulic units are sized so as to, together with the mechanical summer, provide the second torque level to the dynamoelectric machine from the engine during a power generating mode.
- the first, second and third hydraulic units are also sized so as to, together with the mechanical summer, provide the first torque level from the dynamoelectric machine to the engine during engine starting mode.
- the third hydraulic unit is coupled to the dynamoelectric machine, the first hydraulic unit is selectively coupled to the differential, and the second hydraulic unit is coupled to the engine. Means are provided for selectively isolating the second hydraulic unit from the remainder of the system when the engine approaches a given speed during an engine starting mode.
- the first and third units may be sized sufficiently small so as to only provide the necessary capacity for operation of the system in a power generating mode. That is to say, they act to provide a constant speed function. However, when additional torque transmission is required as in the engine starting mode, the second hydraulic unit is brought into play for that purpose, but is otherwise isolated from the system.
- the mechanical summer is a differential.
- the invention also contemplates that the isolating means mechanically decouple the second hydraulic unit from the engine and block hydraulic flow from the first and third hydraulic units to the second hydraulic unit under the conditions specified above.
- the means interconnecting the engine and the machine include a differential having first, second and third rotary elements, first and second hydraulic units, a variable displacement hydraulic unit, first, second and third overrunning clutches, hydraulic lines connecting the first and second hydraulic units to the variable hydraulic unit in parallel with each other, and a check valve in one of the lines for hydraulically isolating the second hydraulic unit from the variable hydraulic unit when the system is in a power generating mode.
- the first rotary element of the differential is connected by both of the first and second clutches to the first hydraulic unit with the first and second clutches being arranged to overrun in opposite torque directions.
- the second rotary element of the differential is connected to the dynamoelectric machine and to the variable displacement unit and the third rotary element is connected to the engine which in turn is connected to the second hydraulic unit via the third clutch.
- the third clutch is disposed to begin to overrun when the torque reverses at the termination of the engine starting mode.
- the hydraulic units and the differential are sized in the manner specified previously.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of an engine starting and power generating system made according to the prior art, and specifically, according to the previously identified Reynolds U.S. Pat. No. 3,274,855;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic of an engine starting and power generating made according the invention
- FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic illustration of a mechanical summer, specifically a differential, employed in the of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graphic illustration of the operation of the system.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment of an engine starting and power generating system made according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is seen to include an engine and gear box 110 having a rotary shaft 112 which is coupled by any suitable means to a rotary element of a mechanical summer 114 in the form of a differential.
- the summer or differential 114 is shown somewhat schematically in FIG. 3 and is of known construction.
- the same includes first and second ring gears 116 and 118 in axially spaced, but generally coaxial relation constituting two rotary elements.
- a third rotary element is a carrier 120 and associated shaft 122.
- the carrier 120 mounts two meshed planet gears 124 and 126.
- the planet gears 124 have opposite ends of reduced diameter as at 128 and 130.
- a second of the rotary elements of the differential 114 may be coupled via a shaft 140 to a dynamoelectric machine 142 which may be alternatively employed as a generator to generate power or which may be used as a synchronous motor for starting the engine 110. Also coupled to the dynamoelectric machine 142 is a shaft 144 which is connected to a variable displacement hydraulic unit 146 which is generally of the type disclosed in the previously identified Reynolds et al patent.
- a third rotary element of the differential is coupled via a shaft 148 to first and second, oppositely directed, overrunning clutches 150 and 151.
- the clutches 150 and 151 are arranged in mechanical parallel with each other and in series with respective gear trains 152 and 153 of differing ratios for power transmission purposes.
- the clutch 150 is adapted to drive at one ratio for one direction of torque transmission while the clutch 151 is adapted to drive at a different ratio for the opposite direction of torque transmission because of the presence of the gear trains 152 and 153.
- the gear train 153 in series with the clutch 151 will have a higher gear ratio than the gear train 152 in series with the clutch 150.
- the clutches 150 and 151 are coupled to the shaft 154 of a normally fixed displacement hydraulic unit 156 of the type disclosed in the Reynolds patent and hydraulic lines 158 and 160 corresponding to the lines 24 and 26 and the prior art device interconnect the hydraulic units 156 and 146.
- the system includes an additional, normally fixed displacement hydraulic unit 162 having a shaft 163 which is coupled via an overrunning clutch 164 to the shaft 112.
- the overrunning clutch 164 is arranged so that as the engine approaches a self sustaining speed, or some other predetermined speed, the rotational rate of the shaft 112 may overrun the shaft 163 of the second fixed displacement hydraulic unit 162.
- Hydraulically, the second fixed displacement hydraulic unit 162 includes a conduit 166 in fluid communication with the hydraulic line 160 and a conduit 168 extending through a check valve 170 to the hydraulic line 158. The arrangement is such that hydraulic fluid under pressure may flow from the second fixed displacement hydraulic unit 162 to the line 158, but not the reverse.
- check valve 170 As will be seen, when the engine 10 overruns the unit 162 the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the second unit 162 will be blocked by the check valve 170 as well, as thus, check valve 170 and the overrunning clutch 164 serve to isolate the second unit 162 from the remainder of the system in this instance.
- Operation in a power generating mode is as conventional in systems of this type.
- Various operational parameters of the components are illustrated in FIG. 4 to the right of that point marked “idle" on the engine speed side of the graph.
- the speed of the second fixed hydraulic unit 162 will be zero because the engine and gear box 110 and the output shaft 112 will be overrunning the speed of the shaft 163 from a predetermined lesser speed, namely, that designated "starter cut-out" and because there will be no supply of hydraulic fluid under pressure to the unit 162 by reason of the check valve 170 preventing such fluid communication.
- the speed of the first fixed unit 156 may vary from plus to minus 100% according to engine speed.
- the displacement of the variable unit 146 may similarly vary as conventional control of the displacement of the variable unit 146 is exercised to maintain constant motor generator speed for power generation speed. Thus the speed of the variable unit 146 will be 100% of the rated speed.
- the shaft 112 will be stationary.
- the dynamoelectric machine 142 may be brought up to speed as a synchronous motor and because the shaft 112 is effectively locked by the inertia of the engine in gear box 110, the rotation of the dynamoelectric machine 142 will be imparted to the first fixed unit 156 via the overrunning clutch 150, and the same will be at its maximum speed and operating as a pump.
- variable unit 146 will be set at maximum displacement acting as a motor. It will be turning at the synchronous speed of the dynamoelectric machine 142.
- variable unit 146 The displacement of the variable unit 146 will be progressively shifted from full displacement with the unit 146 acting as a motor to full displacement with the unit 146 acting as a pump. This occurs over an engine speed range of zero to an engine speed whereat the starter is to be cut out.
- Starter cut-out is achieved when the variable hydraulic unit 146 reaches full displacement and can no longer create a pressure in the conduit 160.
- Starter cut-out speed is the engine speed at which starting torque from the dynamoelectric machine 142 is no longer required to accelerate the engine to the "idle" speed.
- the idle speed is the minimum engine speed at which the engine may be utilized for generating power.
- the fixed displacement unit 156 in fact be a two displacement position unit with the additional position being one for zero displacement. This will allow the fixed displacement unit 156 to be at zero displacement during the initial portion of the engine start cycle so that the dynamoelectric machine 142 can be readily accelerated up to synchronous speed. Such an arrangement will reduce the parasitic load on the dynamoelectric machine 142 and reduce the tim required for such acceleration. Once full speed of the dynamoelectric machine 142 has been attained, the unit 156 may then be switched to its normal fixed displacement.
- the system by allowing the first fixed hydraulic unit 156 and the variable unit 146 to be sized for constant speed drive operation provides a weight and volume savings.
- This same feature of the invention eliminates the need for oversized hydraulics that would only be required approximately 2% of the time, 98% of the time the system being in a generating mode.
- oversized hydraulics the amount of heat generated in the system which must be rejected is minimized; and this in turn means that the heat rejection system may be made smaller and that there will be less waste heat, meaning greater fuel efficiency or increased engine thrust.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/137,590 US4817459A (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1987-12-24 | Engine starting and power generating system |
PCT/US1988/004584 WO1989005935A1 (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-21 | Engine starting and power generating system |
IL88794A IL88794A0 (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-25 | Engine starting and power generating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/137,590 US4817459A (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1987-12-24 | Engine starting and power generating system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4817459A true US4817459A (en) | 1989-04-04 |
Family
ID=22478149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/137,590 Expired - Fee Related US4817459A (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1987-12-24 | Engine starting and power generating system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4817459A (en) |
IL (1) | IL88794A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989005935A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5237815A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-08-24 | Sundstrand Corporation | Control of a hydraulic start system |
US6527660B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2003-03-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method and apparatus to transfer torque at a nominally constant speed to a dynamoelectric machine from a variable speed engine |
US8561503B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-10-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Motor-generator and prime mover gearing assembly |
US8742605B1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-06-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method for aircraft engine start using synchronous generator and constant speed drive |
WO2014172175A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-23 | Eaton Corporation | Variable speed differential drive |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3074296A (en) * | 1957-08-29 | 1963-01-22 | Ebert Heinrich | Infinitely adjustable fluid transmission |
US3274855A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1966-09-27 | Sundstrand Corp | Starter-drive system |
US3300000A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1967-01-24 | Fairchild Hiller Corp | Control system for infinitely variable transmission |
US3442153A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1969-05-06 | Sundstrand Corp | Hydrostatic transmission |
US3722324A (en) * | 1971-11-01 | 1973-03-27 | Sundstrand Corp | Hydromechanical transmission |
US3786696A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-01-22 | Sundstrand Corp | Starter-drive |
US4211070A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-07-08 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Start-up motor assembly for rotational machines |
US4278928A (en) * | 1976-09-08 | 1981-07-14 | Lucas Industries Limited | Electric generator arrangement |
SU885658A1 (en) * | 1980-01-15 | 1981-11-30 | Центральный Научно-Испытательный Полигон-Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Института Строительного И Дорожного Машиностроения | Hydromechanical transmission |
US4315442A (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1982-02-16 | Sundstrand Corporation | Aircraft generator starter-drive |
GB2141495A (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1984-12-19 | Barry Meredith Eyres | Hydrostatic/mechanical transmission |
SU1177571A1 (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-09-07 | Labkovskij Boris A | Hydromechanical transmission |
US4592454A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1986-06-03 | Renault Vehicules Industriels | Hydropneumatic system for recovering braking energy for urban vehicles |
-
1987
- 1987-12-24 US US07/137,590 patent/US4817459A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-12-21 WO PCT/US1988/004584 patent/WO1989005935A1/en unknown
- 1988-12-25 IL IL88794A patent/IL88794A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3074296A (en) * | 1957-08-29 | 1963-01-22 | Ebert Heinrich | Infinitely adjustable fluid transmission |
US3274855A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1966-09-27 | Sundstrand Corp | Starter-drive system |
US3300000A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1967-01-24 | Fairchild Hiller Corp | Control system for infinitely variable transmission |
US3442153A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1969-05-06 | Sundstrand Corp | Hydrostatic transmission |
US3722324A (en) * | 1971-11-01 | 1973-03-27 | Sundstrand Corp | Hydromechanical transmission |
US3786696A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-01-22 | Sundstrand Corp | Starter-drive |
US4278928A (en) * | 1976-09-08 | 1981-07-14 | Lucas Industries Limited | Electric generator arrangement |
US4211070A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-07-08 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Start-up motor assembly for rotational machines |
SU885658A1 (en) * | 1980-01-15 | 1981-11-30 | Центральный Научно-Испытательный Полигон-Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Института Строительного И Дорожного Машиностроения | Hydromechanical transmission |
US4315442A (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1982-02-16 | Sundstrand Corporation | Aircraft generator starter-drive |
US4592454A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1986-06-03 | Renault Vehicules Industriels | Hydropneumatic system for recovering braking energy for urban vehicles |
GB2141495A (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1984-12-19 | Barry Meredith Eyres | Hydrostatic/mechanical transmission |
SU1177571A1 (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-09-07 | Labkovskij Boris A | Hydromechanical transmission |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5237815A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-08-24 | Sundstrand Corporation | Control of a hydraulic start system |
US6527660B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2003-03-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method and apparatus to transfer torque at a nominally constant speed to a dynamoelectric machine from a variable speed engine |
US8561503B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-10-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Motor-generator and prime mover gearing assembly |
US8742605B1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-06-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method for aircraft engine start using synchronous generator and constant speed drive |
WO2014172175A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-23 | Eaton Corporation | Variable speed differential drive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1989005935A1 (en) | 1989-06-29 |
IL88794A0 (en) | 1989-07-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0510 Effective date: 19871214 Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ERIKSON, EVANS W.;REYNOLDS, RICHARD W.;RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0514 Effective date: 19871214 Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ERIKSON, EVANS W.;REYNOLDS, RICHARD W.;RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0515 Effective date: 19871216 Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0510 Effective date: 19871214 Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ERIKSON, EVANS W.;REYNOLDS, RICHARD W.;RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0514 Effective date: 19871214 Owner name: SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ERIKSON, EVANS W.;REYNOLDS, RICHARD W.;RYAN, DANIEL M.;REEL/FRAME:004832/0515 Effective date: 19871216 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 19930404 |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |