US4664689A - Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4664689A US4664689A US06/833,147 US83314786A US4664689A US 4664689 A US4664689 A US 4664689A US 83314786 A US83314786 A US 83314786A US 4664689 A US4664689 A US 4664689A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- enclosure
- optical fiber
- gas
- passing
- cooler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02718—Thermal treatment of the fibre during the drawing process, e.g. cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
- F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/50—Cooling the drawn fibre using liquid coolant prior to coating, e.g. indirect cooling via cooling jacket
- C03B2205/51—Cooling the drawn fibre using liquid coolant prior to coating, e.g. indirect cooling via cooling jacket using liquified or cryogenic gas
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of optical fiber.
- optical fibers as a means of transferring information has become increasingly more widerspread because of advantages over conventional wire transmission means such as very high informaion carrying capacity and improved resistance to external interference.
- Such industries as telecommunications, computer links, and data base access are among the fields which are making increasing use of optical fibers.
- Optical fibers are produced by heating a petreated or preformed glass or quartz rod to its softening point, which generally is in excess of 1600° C., and drawing a thin strand from the rod which cools to become optical fiber.
- the purity of the optical fiber is very important for the attainment of its advantageous high carrying capacity.
- One very serious source of impurities is the ambient air which can impart impurities to the drawn fiber.
- those skilled in the art coat newly drawn optical fibers with a barrier, such as a polymer coating, which serves to keep airborne impurities from containing the optical fiber.
- optical fibers Another potential problem with optical fibers is their lack of structural strength due primarily to their very thin diameters. Stress faults in an optical fiber can also cause a sharp diminution in their information carrying capacity. Fortunately the aforementioned barrier coating can also serve as a structural support for the optical fiber.
- the temperature of optical fiber is at least about 1600° C. as it is being drawn.
- the temperatures of the optical fiber must be below about 90° C. when the barrier coating is applied because at temperature above about 90° C. the coating meniscus collapses resulting in a non-uniform coating thickness and a potentially ineffective coating.
- One way to cool the optical fiber is to draw it through a long distance from the originating rod to the coating operation.
- this method is disadvantageous because it is time consuming, takes up valuable production space, and subjects the optical fiber to contamination and stress through the long distance.
- Another way to cool the optical fiber is to pass it through a cryogenic gas.
- the cooling rate is still not very high and therefore it still takes a relatively long time, and also a large amount of cryogenic gas to cool the optical fiber to the requisite temperature for coating.
- Yet another method for cooling optical fiber is to pass the optical fiber in contact with liquid quenchant.
- This method sharply decreases the required cooling time but has the disadvantage of the potential for mechanical interference with the optical fiber causing a compromise in its structural integrity. This is because the density of the liquid is high and may approach that of the optical fiber. This problem does not arise with the use of cryogenic gas as coolant because of the relatively low density of the cryogenic gas.
- An optical fiber cooler comprising:
- a central enclosure having an axial length, an inlet end, and an outlet end, said enclosure having a means for passing cryogenic gas substantially symmetrically through, and a flat black internal surface along, its axial length, and further having a restriction plate across each of said inlet and said outlet end, each restriction plate having an orifice therethrough of a size sufficient to enable the passage of optical fiber;
- a cryogenic gas supply conduit passing through the insulated outer enclosure, in flow communication with the space between the central enclosure and the insulated outer enclosure proximate said outlet end, and connected to a source of cryogenic fluid.
- Another aspect of this invention is:
- a process for rapidly cooling optical fiber from a temperature of about 1000° C. or more to a temperature below about 90° C. comprising:
- optical fiber means a fiber used in lightwave communication exhibiting low loss, high capacity for transmitting information, precise geometry and high strength.
- flat black surface means a surface which is a near perfect absorber of heat or substantially a black body.
- black body is well known to the art and is used to describe a surface where all of the radiant energy incident on the surface is absorbed by the surface.
- cryogenic gas means a gas having a temperature below about -40° C.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional representation of one preferred embodiment of the optical fiber cooler of this invention which may be used to carry out the process of this invention.
- optical fiber 11 which is at a temperature of about 1000° C. or more is drawn through an orifice 12 in inlet restriction plate 8 which is across inlet 14 to central enclosure 13.
- the optical fiber is drawn from a rod of glass or quartz material which has been heated to at least its softening point which is generally about 1600° C.
- the optical fiber enters the central enclosure it has a diameter which is generally less than about 0.010 inch and usually about 0.005 inch.
- the temperature of the optical fiber as it is drawn into the cooler is somewhat less than the softening point and generally is about 1000° C.
- Central enclosure 13 has an axial length which runs from inlet 14 to outlet 15 and it can have any effective geometry.
- central enclosure 13 has a cylindrical geometry, i.e. is a pipe.
- central enclosure 13 has means for passing cryogenic gas substantially symmetrically therethrough.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment where such means is a plurality of perforations 2.
- the perforations could be of any effective crosssection such as holes, slots, and the like.
- Other means for passing cryogenic gas comprise the interstices in porous sintered metal. It is important that the means enable the cryogenic gas to pass through the wall of central enclosure 13 in a substantially symmetrical fashion in order to achieve even cooling of the fiber and avoid pushing the fiber to one side as it passes through the cooler. Uneven cooling or uneven pressure on the optical fiber as it is being cooled could be detrimental to the optical fiber.
- central enclosure 13 has a flat black surface. Any effective way of achieving a flat black surface is acceptable for the practice of this invention.
- One preferred way of achieving a flat black surface is to chemically treat the inside surface of central enclosure 13 with a solution of liver of sulfur or sodium sulfide.
- Outer enclosure 16 is insulated along its length with insulation 6 which may be any effective insulation such as polyurethane foam, styrofoam, polyethylene foam, low density perlite powder, and the like.
- insulation 6 may be any effective insulation such as polyurethane foam, styrofoam, polyethylene foam, low density perlite powder, and the like.
- the preferred insulation is polyurethane foam.
- cryogenic gas supply conduit 4 Passing through outer enclosure 16 and in flow communication with cryogenic gas plenum 3 at a point proximate the outlet end 15 of the central enclosure is cryogenic gas supply conduit 4.
- Supply conduit 4 is connected to a source of cryogenic fluid which may be cryogenic gas or cryogenic liquid.
- a source of cryogenic fluid which may be cryogenic gas or cryogenic liquid.
- One preferred arrangement would be a tank or other container which can store a supply of cryogenic liquid which is mixed with warm gas to provide a cold gas stream which passes through supply conduit 4.
- cryogenic gas which does not significantly adversely affect the optical fiber
- cryogenic gases one can name nitrogen, helium, argon, hydrogen, and the like. Nitrogen is preferred because of its comparatively lower cost.
- cryogenic fluid is passed through supply conduit 4 and into plenum 3.
- Heat from the optical fiber is radiated to internal surface 1 of central enclosure 13 which because of its flat black surface absorbs nearly all of this radiated heat; virtually none of this radiated heat is re-radiated back to the optical fiber.
- the central enclosure wall which is made of heat conductive material such as copper, brass, aluminum or stainless steel is then heated by this radiated heat.
- the cryogenic gas supplied to plenum 3 impinges the central enclosure wall and thereby cools the wall to sustain the radiation heat gradient and further reduce whatever heat might be re-radiated back to the optical fiber.
- the cryogenic gas in plenum 3 then passes through the plurality of substantially symmetrically oriented perforations 2 and contacts the optical fiber radially and at low velocity as the optical fiber passes through the axial length of central enclosure 13. As the cryogenic gas contacts the optical fiber, heat from the optical fiber is conducted from the optical fiber to the cryogenic gas.
- central enclosure 13 extends past insulated outer enclosure 16.
- the cryogenic gas undergoes heating and expansion, and consequent passage out of the optical fiber cooler through the perforations in the extension 7 wall. This causes rapid cooling of that inlet portion and also sets up a flow of cryogenic gas which runs countercurrent to the direction in which the optical fiber is drawn. This countercurrent gas flow removes heat from the optical fiber by convection.
- the optical fiber experiences rapid heat loss throughout its passage through the optical fiber cooler. Initially, when it is at a very high temperature, the optical fiber sees relatively warm gas which has been warmed but is still at a temperature considerably below that of the optical fiber. As the optical fiber passes through the axial length of the cooler and as it gets cooler and cooler, it progressively sees gas which itself is cooler and cooler thus keeping up a very high heat transfer rate. And as the optical fiber passes through the cooler axial length it is continually and efficiently loosing heat through all three modes of heat transfer, i.e. radiation, conduction and convection.
- the optical fiber when the optical fiber passes through orifice 17 in restriction plate 5 which is across the outlet end of central conduit 13, the optical fiber has a temperature which is less than about 90° C., and generally is less than about 80° C., thus enabling the effective application of a polymeric or other coating onto the fiber.
- the coating may then be cured by any effective means such as by ultraviolet radiation.
- the optimum axial length of the optical fiber cooler of this invention will vary depending on such factors as the type of optical fiber being cooled, the type of cryogenic fluid employed and the speed of the other optical fiber manufacturing steps upstream and downstream of the cooling step.
- the axial length of the central enclosure will be in the range of from 3 to 10 feet and preferably is in the range of from about 3 to 6 feet.
- the time required for the optical fiber to traverse the axial length of the optical fiber cooler of this invention will also vary depending on the above-described factors.
- the time for passage will be in the range of from about 0.1 to 2.0 seconds and preferably is in the range of from about 0.5 to 1.5 seconds.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/833,147 US4664689A (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1986-02-27 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
BR8700901A BR8700901A (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-02-25 | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR QUICKLY COOLING FIBER OPTICS |
DE8787102728T DE3760332D1 (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-02-26 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
KR1019870001653A KR910002397B1 (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-02-26 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
EP87102728A EP0235746B1 (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-02-26 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/833,147 US4664689A (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1986-02-27 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4664689A true US4664689A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
Family
ID=25263566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/833,147 Expired - Fee Related US4664689A (en) | 1986-02-27 | 1986-02-27 | Method and apparatus for rapidly cooling optical fiber |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4664689A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0235746B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR910002397B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8700901A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3760332D1 (en) |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4792347A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-12-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method for coating optical waveguide fiber |
US4838918A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1989-06-13 | Alcatel Na | Inert atmosphere cooler for optical fibers |
US4894078A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1990-01-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing optical fiber |
US4966615A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1990-10-30 | Oy Nokia Ab | Apparatus for cooling an optical fiber |
US5314515A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-05-24 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for fiber cooling |
US5377491A (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1995-01-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Coolant recovery process |
US5545246A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1996-08-13 | Kabel Rheydt Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for manufacturing an optical fiber |
WO1999026891A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-03 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for cooling optical fibers |
US5931981A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-08-03 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for quenching glass sheets with a cryogenic liquid and pressurized air |
US5938808A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-08-17 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for cryogenically quenching glass sheets |
US5968220A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-10-19 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for modulated cryogenic quenching of glass sheets |
US6021648A (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-02-08 | U. S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing a flat glass panel for a picture display device |
US20020129622A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-19 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same |
US20020134530A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-26 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same |
US20030031441A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-02-13 | Draka Fibre Technology B.V. | Optical fibre and method of manufacturing an optical fibre |
US20030046906A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2003-03-13 | Shikoku Kakoki Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic sealing apparatus |
US20030101773A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Yaping Lu | Cap assembly and optical fiber cooling process |
US6574972B2 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2003-06-10 | L'air Liquide - Societe' Anonyme A' Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Low temperature heat transfer methods |
US20030126890A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-07-10 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber drawing method |
US20030148025A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-07 | Fujikura Ltd. | Manufacturing method of optical fiber |
US20030205066A1 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-11-06 | Ghani M. Usman | Method and apparatus for efficient cooling of optical fiber during its manufacture |
US6648946B2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2003-11-18 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for recovering helium using an eductor |
US6651358B2 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2003-11-25 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same comprising hydrogen, helium and combinations thereof |
US6668582B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-12-30 | American Air Liquide | Apparatus and methods for low pressure cryogenic cooling |
US20040025294A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Rudolf Gruber | Automotive door hinge with structurally integrated pivot |
US6701728B1 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-09 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Apparatus and method for recovery and recycle of optical fiber coolant gas |
US6715323B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2004-04-06 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for cooling optical fibers |
US20040163417A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-08-26 | Draka Fibre Technology B.V. | Method of manufacturing an optical fibre |
US20040251006A1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-12-16 | Ovidiu Marin | Heat exchanger system for cooling optical fibers |
US20050274499A1 (en) * | 2004-05-29 | 2005-12-15 | Rule David D | Systems, devices and methods for regulating temperatures of tanks, containers and contents therein |
US20070264389A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-15 | Rule David D | Systems, apparatuses and methods for processing the contents of containers and tanks, and methods for modifying the processing capabilities of tanks and containers |
US20080175951A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Rule David D | Methods, apparatuses and systems of fermentation |
US20110094717A1 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-04-28 | Gary Alan Cummings | Systems and Methods for Cooling Optical Fiber |
WO2011124660A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Ferrari Trading Srl | Device for instant cooling of liquids, beverages and food |
CN103339073A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2013-10-02 | 康稳法国公司 | Improved optical fiber cooling device |
EP3282023A1 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-02-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling device and method for cooling continuous elements |
CN113816598A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-21 | 成都中住光纤有限公司 | Cooling device for reducing helium flow |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03187944A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Heat-treatment of glass material |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3374074A (en) * | 1967-04-25 | 1968-03-19 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for production of mineral fibers |
US4125644A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1978-11-14 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Radiation cured coatings for fiber optics |
US4214884A (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-07-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Air fin coolers for glass fiber forming apparatus |
US4302230A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1981-11-24 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | High rate optical fiber fabrication process using thermophoretically enhanced particle deposition |
US4388093A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1983-06-14 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Process for producing a glass fiber for light transmission |
US4455159A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-06-19 | International Standard Electric Corporation | Method of and apparatus for coating optical fiber with plastics material |
US4514205A (en) * | 1981-11-05 | 1985-04-30 | Corning Glass Works | Fiber cooling apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1213441A (en) | 1981-11-05 | 1986-11-04 | Charles M. Darcangelo | Optical waveguide fiber cooler |
-
1986
- 1986-02-27 US US06/833,147 patent/US4664689A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-02-25 BR BR8700901A patent/BR8700901A/en unknown
- 1987-02-26 KR KR1019870001653A patent/KR910002397B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-26 EP EP87102728A patent/EP0235746B1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-02-26 DE DE8787102728T patent/DE3760332D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
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US3374074A (en) * | 1967-04-25 | 1968-03-19 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for production of mineral fibers |
US4125644A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1978-11-14 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Radiation cured coatings for fiber optics |
US4214884A (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-07-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Air fin coolers for glass fiber forming apparatus |
US4302230A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1981-11-24 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | High rate optical fiber fabrication process using thermophoretically enhanced particle deposition |
US4388093A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1983-06-14 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Process for producing a glass fiber for light transmission |
US4514205A (en) * | 1981-11-05 | 1985-04-30 | Corning Glass Works | Fiber cooling apparatus |
US4455159A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-06-19 | International Standard Electric Corporation | Method of and apparatus for coating optical fiber with plastics material |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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High Speed Coating of Optical Fiber with UV Curabbe Materials at a Rate of Greater than 5M/SEC, Applied Optics, vol. 20, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1981, pp. 4028-4034. |
Paek et al., Forced Convective Cooling of Optical Fiber in High Speed Cooling, J. Appl. Phys. 50(10), Oct. 1979, pp. 6144 6148. * |
Paek et al., Forced Convective Cooling of Optical Fiber in High-Speed Cooling, J. Appl. Phys. 50(10), Oct. 1979, pp. 6144-6148. |
Cited By (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4792347A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-12-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method for coating optical waveguide fiber |
US4966615A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1990-10-30 | Oy Nokia Ab | Apparatus for cooling an optical fiber |
US4894078A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1990-01-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing optical fiber |
AU603010B2 (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1990-11-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing optical fiber |
US4838918A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1989-06-13 | Alcatel Na | Inert atmosphere cooler for optical fibers |
US5314515A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-05-24 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for fiber cooling |
US5377491A (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1995-01-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Coolant recovery process |
US5452583A (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1995-09-26 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Coolant recovery system |
US5545246A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1996-08-13 | Kabel Rheydt Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for manufacturing an optical fiber |
US6021648A (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-02-08 | U. S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing a flat glass panel for a picture display device |
WO1999026891A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-03 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for cooling optical fibers |
US6715323B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2004-04-06 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for cooling optical fibers |
US5968220A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-10-19 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for modulated cryogenic quenching of glass sheets |
US5938808A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-08-17 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for cryogenically quenching glass sheets |
US5931981A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-08-03 | Glasstech, Inc. | Process for quenching glass sheets with a cryogenic liquid and pressurized air |
US20030046906A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2003-03-13 | Shikoku Kakoki Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic sealing apparatus |
US6648946B2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2003-11-18 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for recovering helium using an eductor |
US20020129622A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-19 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same |
US20020134530A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-26 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same |
US6668582B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-12-30 | American Air Liquide | Apparatus and methods for low pressure cryogenic cooling |
US6651358B2 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2003-11-25 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat transfer fluids and methods of making and using same comprising hydrogen, helium and combinations thereof |
US6574972B2 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2003-06-10 | L'air Liquide - Societe' Anonyme A' Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Low temperature heat transfer methods |
US20030031441A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-02-13 | Draka Fibre Technology B.V. | Optical fibre and method of manufacturing an optical fibre |
US7630611B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2009-12-08 | Draka Fibre Technology B.V. | Optical fiber and method of manufacturing an optical fiber |
US20080031581A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2008-02-07 | Draka Fibre Technology B.V. | Optical fiber and method of manufacturing an optical fiber |
US20040025294A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Rudolf Gruber | Automotive door hinge with structurally integrated pivot |
US20030126890A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-07-10 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber drawing method |
US6789400B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2004-09-14 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Cap assembly and optical fiber cooling process |
US20030101773A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Yaping Lu | Cap assembly and optical fiber cooling process |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0235746B1 (en) | 1989-07-19 |
KR870007855A (en) | 1987-09-22 |
BR8700901A (en) | 1987-12-22 |
KR910002397B1 (en) | 1991-04-22 |
EP0235746A1 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
DE3760332D1 (en) | 1989-08-24 |
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