US461667A - Ments - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

N. A. CHATPIBLD. PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR PNBUMATIG DRAWING.

TN: Noam rusas po., mufo-'mno., wAsmNman, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NORMAN A. vCHATFIELD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, OF ONE-HALF TO ABSALOINI E. HOOVER, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS lOF AND APPARATUS FOR PNEUMATIC DRAWING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,667, dated October 20, 1.891.

Application led November 29, 1890. Serial No. 373.095. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NORMAN A. CHATFIELD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a new and useful Process of Pneumatic Drawing and Apparatus for Carrying out Such Process, of which the following is a specification.

I have discovered by continued experiment 1o that if crayon, dry paint, black-lead, or other coloring-matter or similar substance be pneumatically forced while in a powdered or finelydivided state against the surface of the paper or other material used in drawing the par ticles of the substance will become attached thereto or be forced under or between the ibers of the paper, or, in other words, become partially incorporated therewith, producing a mark of greater or less size according` to the size of the current of compressed air, or according as the apparatus is moved toward or from the paper. By moving the apparatus through which the current passes in one direction or another, lines of any form or dimensions may be formed.

This process may be employed in drawing and finishing portraits, landscapes, designs, dac., and to carry out suchl process I have devised a machine whereby the current of compressed air may be directed as desired, and whereby the crayon or other substance used may be powdered or ground and introduced into the current of air; and my invention consists in the process and apparatus for carrying out the same, as hereinafter described.

In the drawings, Figure l is `a central vertical longitudinal section of the pneumatic pencil used in carrying out the process; Fig. 2, a similar section of the grinding-machine; Fig. 3, a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow; Fig. 4, a perspective view of a cradle or frame used to support the substance being ground, and Fig. 5 similar views of parts of the apparatus.

The pencil A is made of any suitable dimensions, and, as shown, is hollow throughout its length and provided with a tip a, adjustably connected to the body of the pencil by screw-threads or in any other suitable manner. The size of the opening in this tip delble tube, which is connected, as hereinafter described, with the grinding-machine. This grinding-machine consists of a case or sheathl 6o made in two parts B B', the part B consisting of a case or sheath of suitable dimensions to receive the partsv hereinafter to be described, and made of any suitable material .and preferably in the form shown in Figs. 2 65 and 3 of the drawings, and provided with clampsI, whereby it is attached tothe ordinary man1-stick. The part B consists of a tube attached by means of screw-threads or in any other suitable manner to the case B', 7o Y as shown. To the left-hand end of this tube B is attached a taper thimble b, adapted to be connected with any suitable source of compressed air and supply-as, for instance, an air pump or reservoir. A similar thimble b is attached to the right-hand end of the sheath B and is connected, preferably by means of a flexible tube, (not shown,) with the rear end ofthe tube A. To prevent clogging of the tube, I prefer to place over the inner end of 8o the thimble b a piece of wire-gauze b. In the tube B is secured a frame or cradle C, preferably made in the form shown in Fig. 4, wherein it is circular at one end and semicircular at the other, of a proper size to fit the interior of the tube, the two end pieces being connected by side bars or rods. kThe circular end is open, as shown, to afford a free passage for the air. .This cradle is provided withcrossbarsc, on which is placed the material to be 9o ground, and a set-screw c', whereby the sides of thecradle are adj usted to bind against such material and hold it in place. The cradle when inserted into lthe tube B may be held in place by means of the end of the sheath B and the taper thimble Z), though any other means may be used, as desired. Immediately above the cradle is placed a bow D, preferably of the form shown more particularly in Fig. 5, and a piece of emery-cloth or similar roo substance E is attached to the downwardlyprojecting ends of the bow D by means of clamp-plates d d', which are screwed to the end of the bow. A loop F is attached to the forward end of the bow, and to this is fastened one end of an elastic band G, the other end of which is attached to a cross-rod g, engaging with notches in the rearward side of the circular end of the cradle C, by means whereof the elastic band and bow may be adjusted at different distances from the cradle C. The clamp-plate CZ is provided with a loop, as shown, through which the elastic band passes, and which serves as a guide for such band and support for the bow. I next construct a segmental lever H, which is pivoted in the sheath B. To one end of this lever is attached a strap h, the other end of which is attached to a loop in the clamp-plate d. The shaft cr spindle of the lever H passes, as shown in Fig. 3, out through the case, and a lever H is secured thereto, the opening where the shaft passes through the case being covered by an elastic tube h to prevent the escape of air. From this construction it will be seen that as the lever II is pressed toward the right, Fig. 2, the lever I-I will be moved in the same direction, carrying along with it the bow and the emery-cloth attached thereto, drawing such cloth across the surface of the material to be ground and'grinding a portion thereof, and that as the pressnre on the lever H is released the elastic band G will draw the bow and paper toward the left, Fig. 2, bringing the lever II into the position shown in the dotted lines and again drawing the emery-cloth across the su rface of the material to be ground. In this way by alternately pressing the lever H and releasing such pressure a reciprocating motion is imparted to the bow and cloth, which pass back and forth upon the surface of the material, grinding otf particles from the same.

The parts being constructed and put together as shown, the thimble b being connected with a suitable source of compressed air, and the thimble ZJ with the pneumatic pencil, the device is operated as follows: The case inclosing the grinding mechanism is preferably held in the left hand and the pneumatic pencil in the right. The air is admitted under pressure to the case B B', and a reciprocating motion being imparted to the bow and emery-cloth, as hereinbefore described, the material supported in the cradle is ground with greater or less rapidity, as desired. As the particles are ground off they immediately enter the blast, which becomes charged therewith and by which they are carried through the pencil and forced against the paper to which they attach themselves or with which they become partially incorporated. By moving the pencil as necessary any portrait, landscape, design, the., may be drawn upon the paper or other material used. By varying the intensity of the blast the size of the nozzle a and the rapidity of the grinding the intensity and size of the line drawn may be varied easily, as occasion may demand.

In using this apparatus lines of the utmost fineness and delicacy may bedrawn, and drawings ofanysort and inanycolorcan be executed with great rapidity and precision. As great force is exerted by the blast, the finely-divided particles are not only deposited upon the surface of the material used, but, as shown by a microscopical examination, they are forced between or partially under the bers thereof, becoming to a greater or less extent incorporated with a part of the material itself. This adds greatly to the durability of the drawings, the lines, if made by a current or stream of air under pressure, being almost indelible.

As will be evident, the apparatusis exceedingly simple, consisting, as it does, of but few parts, which are easily adjusted or replaced. It should be understood that I do not intend to limit myself to the exact forms herein given to the several parts, since form not being essential to the successful operation of the device the parts may be varied in many ways, as desired-as, for example, a coiled spring may be used in place of the elastic band G, or the tube may be attached to the ypencil in other ways than that herein shown,

and any such changes I regard as coming within the spirit and gist of my invention, which consists, as regards the process in drawing pictures, dac., by pneumatically forcing powdered or finely-divided material against the surface upon which the picture is to be drawn and as regards the apparatus in providing a suitable device for carrying out the process. i

In order to carry out the process, it is not necessary to use the exact form of mechanism herein shown, since the material may be governed in any other way desired and then forced against the surface on which the drawing is to be made by the air-pressure. The machine herein shown is therefore intended but as an illustration of one form of apparatus by means whereof the process may be carried out, and as a limitation to that form alone.

I claiml. The process of drawing, which consists in pneu matically forcing finely-divided crayon, dry paint, or similar material against a dry surface upon which the drawing is to be made, whereby the particles of such material become attached to such surface, substantially as described.

2. The process of drawing, which consists in reducing crayon, dry paint, or similar material to a finely-divided state while exposed to an air-blast,'whereby as the particles of such material are ground olf they are carried along by the blast and forced against the su rface upon which the drawing is to be made, becoming thereby incorporated with such su rface, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a hollow pencil, a

IOO

grinding mechanism connected therewith, and means for forcing air through the pencil and grinding mechanism, whereby the substance ground is blown out through the pencil, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a case B B, a cradle C, a bow D, grinding material secured by means of suitable clamps, and means for imparting a reciprocating motion to such bow, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a case B B', a cradle C, a grinding-bow D, an 4elastic band G, attached to the bow and cradle, a lever H, connected to the bow, a lever H', rigidly attached to the lever H, whereby the bow is moved in one direction by the lever H and in the other by means of the band G when the lever is released, substantially as described.

6. 'A cradle C, provided with cross-bars cto support the material to be ground, and a setscrew c', substantially as described.

7. The combination of a case B B, acradle C, a bow D, grinding material secured thereto. a lever H and band G, attached to the bow, a lever H', rigidly connected to the lever H, a pencil A, connected to the case B B', and means for forcing air. through thecase and pencil, wherebyT` as the material upon the cradle is ground by means of the bow it is blown by the air through the pencil, substantially as described.

S. The combination ot' a cradle, a grindingbow, and an elastic band attached to the bow and adjustably connected with the cradle, whereby the bow is adj usted at different distances from the cradle, substantially as described..

NORMAN A. CHATFIELD.

Witnesses:

THOMAS A. BANNING, SAMUEL E. HIBBEN.

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