US452042A - Electric riveting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

1 3 sheets-sheen -1`.

'(No Model.)

E E RIBS ELECTRIC RIVBTING APPARATUS.

Patented May 12, 1891.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. E. R11-11S. ELECTRIC RIVBTING APPARATUS. No. 452,042. Patented'May 12, 1891.

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` E. E. ms. ELECTRIC RIVETING APPARATUS.

No. 452,042. Patented May 12v, 1891.

Avlllllll-IIIIII WITNESSESB lNvlannoR:v En@ E 22W/ UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

ELIAS E. RIES, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO RIES d: HENDER- SON, OE SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC RIVETING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,042, dated May 12, 1891.

vApplication filed June 25, 1889. Serial No. 315,473. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern: forming two brackets 2 3, one above the other,

Be it known that I, ELIAS E. RIES, a citizen to support a riveting mechanism composed of of the United States, and a resident of Baltian anvil and heading-die, hereinafter referred 1nore,in the State of Maryland, have invented to. The bar 1 constitutes the secondary con- 5 5 certain new and useful Improvements in ductor of an inductional transformer, the pri- Electric Riveting Apparatus, of which the mary coil 4 of which is composed of line wire,

following is a specification. which is placed parallel with and against the My invention has reference to machines or bar 1. The primary coil is bent into a loop apparatus'for riveting by the aid of elecbetween the two brackets 2 3, as shown, so as 6o Io tricity in themanner set forth in my applito leave additional room for the Work, which cation, No. 285,555, filed September 15, 1888, latter is shown in the form of two plates 5 6 and claimed in my application, No. 293,069, to be riveted together. A shell or shield 7, of

filed December 10, 1888, and also in my patmagnetic material, and composed of two simid. ent, No. 403,374, dated May 1l, 1889; and the lar cast-ings, (one only being showin) which are 65 object of the present invention is to provide provided on the inner end and outer edges improved practical means by which the elecwith iianges'7,through which pass bolts S for trical riveting process may be effected with securing the two castings together, iucloses ease and dispatch. the circular portion of both the primary and i The invention may assume a great variety secondary of the transformer, and serves to 7o zo of forms, and while I have shown in the drawconcentrate the magnetic lines of force within ings forming part of this specification certhe transformer and thereby increases its effitain organized machines embodying the inciency. The shell sections are provided with vention, I am in noA manner confined to the ears f), projecting from the outer flanges 7,for identical construction shown. All this will attaching thetransformerto a suitable frame 75 more fully appear from the following detail or for supporting itin any desired position. description with reference to the accompany- If found desirable, the rigidity of the transing drawings, in whichformer may be increased by a tie-rod 10. (In- Eigure 1 is a side elevation of one form of dicated in dotted lines.) The bracket 2 supriveting-machine embodying my invention, ports a heading die or tool 11, which in this 8o zo in which a generator or inductional transinstance consists of a bolt with a threaded former forms an integral part of the frame shank extending through a suitable nut in of the machine. Fig. lbisaside elevation of the said bracket, and a hand-wheel 12 or another form of riveting-machine embodying other suitable device, whereby the bolt may features of my invention. Fig.2isaside elebe turned and thus elevated or depressed. 85

vation, with parts in section, of still another The lower end of the die is frusto-conical in form of riveting-machine embodying features shape, as shown at 13, and has a cavity of of myinvention and designed more especially suitable shape formed in its face to receive for large work. Fig. 3 is a front view of the and mold the free end of the rivet-shank.

anvil and its supporting-bracket shown in The bracket 3 carries an anvil, which, as 9o 4o Fig. 1:1. Fig. et is an enlarged front view, shown in Figs. 1*l and 3,cousists of a block or partly in section, of the anvil and headingbody 14C, having an expanded upper end or die with adjacent parts shown in Fig. 1b, and head 15 with a broad 'flat face,in which is a Fig. 5 is a section on the line of the headcavity to receive or mold the head on one ing-die shown in 4. end of the rivet, and on the said face is a 95 Like numerals of reference indicate like layer 17 of insulating material, not, howparts throughout all the drawings. ever, extending into the cavity provided l Referring more particularly to Figl, there for the reception of the rivet-blank head.

l is shown a heavy bar l, of copper or other This facing may be made of asbestus cloth, good conductor of electricity, bent to a cirsoapstone, obsidian, agate, mica, or other in- 10o 5o cular shape, as indicated by dotted lines, with sulating and refractory substance. Extendthe free ends turned outward and parallel, ing through a nutin the bracket 3 isa screwthreaded rod 16, with its upper end engaging the under side ol. the body lll of the anvil and supporting the latter. The rod 1G is turned by means of a hand-wheel 17 on its 5 lower end to elevate or lower the anvil. On the body 14 of the anvil are depending side wings 15', straddling the bracket 3 to prevent the said body from turning when moved by the rod 16. 1t will be understood, howro ever, that other forms of die and anvil and means for adjusting and actuating' themsuch, for instance, as shown and hereinafter described in connection with the other iigures of the drawings-may be used. Depend- I5 ing from the bracket 2 are fixed legs 1G at the sides of the heading-die, and provided at their lower ends with insulating material 17 of the kind described with reference to the facing 17. If nowT the plates to be riveted zo together be placed on the head 15 of the anvil with the shank of a rivet-blank in the rivet-holes in the plates and its head in the cavity in the anvil, then the anvil may be elevated by manipulating the screw-rod 1G 2 5 until the said plates are clamped between the expanded head 15 of said anvil and the legs 16 depending from the bracket 2. The fine-wire primary coil 4t receives alternating high-tension electrical currents by wires 1S 3o 18 from asuitable source-suoli as a d ynamoconnecting with conductors 19 19. One wire 18 includes a suitable current-regulator within easy reach, and, as shown, this regulator is a reaction rheostat composed of a series of resistance-coils 20, a series of contact-plates 21, to which the terminals of the coils are connected, a soft-iron core 22 within the coils, and a switch-lever 23 arranged to make contact with the plates 2l and with an idle con- 4o tact-plate 24. rlhe wire 18 is connected with the switch-lever and a continuation 1S of said wire leading to the coil 4C is connected to the end plate of the series of contactplates 21.

The operation of riveting with a machine constructed as shown in Fig. 1n will now be understood. A rivet 25 is placed with its head, or, if there be no head, with one end of its shank, in the cavity in the face of the an- 5o vil, and the shank itself engaging the rivetholes in the plates 5 6. The operator then manipulates the rod 16 to elevate the anvil, together with the plates and rivet thereon, until the said plates are clamped against. the lower ends of the legs 1G and held firmly thereto during the entire operation of riveting. The heading-die is then screwed downward until in contact with the upper or free end of the rivet-shank, and the switch-lever 6o of the current-regulator is turned from the idle contact-plate onto the other plates, and from one to the other of the latter until the requisite current is passed through the rivet to bring it to the desired degree of incandes- 6 5 cence, as fully explained in my aforesaid applications, after which the heading-die is further depressed to upset the softened end of the rivet-shank and form a head thereon, which is molded by the cavity in said die. The current may be maintained throughout the riveting operation, or it may be regulated as desired, or be turned off at any time during` the operation of riveting, as the character of the work may require. A

In the machine thus far described the frame-work constitutes the proximate source of the heating-current, being, in fact, an inductional transformer, the induced or secondary circuit of which is composed of a single heavv bar ot' copper' or other good conductor of heat and electricity. The machine may thus be transported and set up at any place without in any way or manner disturbing its electrical connections, except that the two feeding-conductors 18 18 must be disconnected from and then again connected with the main charging-circuit 19 19. In addition to this advantage, there is the further advantage of utilizing' the material unavoidably used for the frame-work of the machine for the important purpose of transforming the currents of high tension furnished bythe primary source-such as a dynamo-into cu rients. of the requisite low tension. After the riveting operation has been repeated a number of times the heading-die and anvil become heated, partially from the passage of the heating-current through their contiguous ends and partially from contact with the incandescent'rivets. The heating of the die and anvil is very objectionable and renders theV operation of riveting inconvenient and uncomfortable, and to overcome this objectionable feature I apply acooling medium to the said die or anvil, or to both of them, in any suitable manner. In Fig. l lthere is shown a pipe 2G, leading from a source of cold-airsupply, (not shown,) and provided with a nozzle 27, constructed to direct an air-jet against the lower end of the heading-die; and there is also shown another pipe 26', leading from the same source of air-supply and provided with a nozzle 27 for directing an airjet against the upper end or head of the anvil. It will be understood that l am in no manner confined to the use of air-jets for cooling the heading-die or anvil, and in lieu thereof l may use such means as are hereinafter described in relation to other Jforms of riveting-machines, or l may use any other means for the purpose, since my invention in this particular is designed to prevent undue heating of the heading-die or anvil.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1", together with Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings, there is shown a casting 2S, provided with projecting arms or brackets 2, 3, and 29, one above the other. The arm 3 carries an anvil 14, similar to the anvil shown and described in relation to Fig. 1-`-that is, it has an eX- panded head l5, with an insulatiiig-facing` 17 and a cavity for receiving a rivet-head, depending side wings 15 straddling the bracket 3, and an adjusting screw-rod 1U,

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erate temperature during the operation of lwith its hand-wheel 17 for raising and lowering the anvil. In the present instance, however, the anvil is insulated from its support by a bushing 30 of insulating material seated in the bracket 3, and through a nut in said bushing the screw-rod v16 extends, andthe inner faces of the wings 15 are covered with insulating material, as indicated by heavy lines. The anvil is provided below the head l5 with a perforation for the reception of the end of a conductor 31, and a set-screw 32 entering said perforation serves to bind the conductor firmly in the said perforation in the anvil. As stated before with reference to Fig. l, any suitable means may be employed to cool the anvil during the operation of riveting, and in the apparatus shown in Fig. lb the anvil is provided for this purpose with two perforations 30, connected together at one end by a coupling-pipe 3l and at the other end connected, respectively, to an inlet-pipe 32 and an outlet-pipe 33. A cooling agentsuch as water or ammonia-coming from a reservoir not shown, is made to Iiow through the pipe 32', from whence it will pass through one of the perforations 30', and by means of the coupling 3l to the other perforation 30', from which it will escape through the pipe 33. The cooling agent will absorb heat from the anvil and will maintain the latter at a modriveting. The arm or bracket 2 serves as a guide for a reciprocating heading-die 33, reduced at its lower end to a frusto-conical form, and there provided with a cavity for molding a rivet-head similar in this respect to the heading-die Il shown in Fig. l, and at the upper end the heading-die is attached to one link of a toggle 34, the other link of which is pivoted to the arm or bracket 29 of the casting 28. vThe toggle is connected for operation with a piston-rod 35, driven by a suitable piston within a cylinder 36, formed in the casting 2S. Steam or compressed air is admitted to the cylinder through a pipe 37, having a valve 38 of the familiar globe type, and provided with a hand-Wheel 39. In the pipe 37, between the cylinder and the valve 38, is another valve 40, constructed to admit stealn'in front of or behind the piston when. actuated by a valve-rod 4l. Depending from and secured to the bracket 2 by bolts or screws 42 is a jacket 43 surrounding and inclosing a portion of the heading-die, and having a perforation in the bottom through which the die passes, and at which point the jacket is provided with a gasket 44 to form a iiuidtight connection between the said jacket and die at the perforation. A cooling agentsuch as water or ammonia-is introducedinto the jacket bv means of asupply-pipe 45 coming from a reservoir or pump (not shown) and entering the jacket near the bottom, and after circulating around the portion of the die inclosed by the jacket the fiuid escapes through va pipe 46, from which it is returned to the said reservoir or pump or is allowed to waste.

ration for the end of a conductor 47, which is held therein by a set-screw 48. Embracing the lower end of the heading-die are two laterally-curved legs 49, having their lower edges coated with insulating material 50. These legs do not entirely encircle the die, there being a space between their opposing edges for the passage of the conductor 47, as clearly shown in Fig. 5, and the said legs extend downward from the bottom of the jacket 43, being either integral therewith, as shown, or attached thereto in any suitable manner. The casting` 2S, together with the anvil and die carried thereby, is secured on the top of a suitable table 5l, one of the end supports or legs'52 of which are shown. Supported between the legs of the table is an inductional transformer 53, from the thick-wire secondary coil of which extend the conductors 3l and 47, and the fine-wire primary coil of the transformer receives the current from the derived circuit-wires 54 54, leading from the main dynamo-circuit 19, or in any other suitable manner. One of the wires 54 includes a current-regulator, which lnay be identical with that shown in Fig. l, and is supported by a plate 55, depending from the end of the table 51. On the face of this plate is mounted the switch-lever 23 and the series of contact-plates 2l, which latter are connected with resistance-coils mounted on the inner face of the plate 55 and hidden from View thereby. The regulator is provided\with an idle contact-plate 24, and the lever 23 and contactplates 2l are in circuit with one of the feeding-Wires 54 and its continuation 54', leading to the transformer, respectively. Bindingposts 56 on the leg 52 and plate 55, and forming the terminals of the regulator and one of the terminals of the transformer, are provided for convenience in attaching the feedingwires. Below the transformer and within con,- venient reach is a pedal 57, pivoted at one end between the legs 52 of the table 5l in any suitable manner, (not shown,) and at the other or free end provided with a step 58. This pedal is connected to the valve-rod 4l, controlling the valve 40, and is held normally elevated by a spring 59, attached to some fixed portion of the frame of the machine. Then the treadle is elevated, the valve 40 is in a position to admit steam in front of the piston, in which case the toggle will be actuated to elevate the heading-die, and when the treadle is depressed the valve 40 is moved to admit steam behind the piston, in which case the IOO IIO

xmy aforesaid applications and patent.

toggle will be actuated to depress the heading-die.

The operation of the machine shown in Fig. lb will now be understood. The plates 5 6 to be riveted together, with the rivet-blank in position, are placed on the anvil and elevated with the same by turning the hand-wheel 17 until clamped against the lower insulated ends of the legs 49 in the same manner hereinhefore described with reference to the operation of the machine shown in Fig. lftof the drawings. The treadle is now slightly depressed and moves the valve 40 in a direction to admit sufficient steam or compressed air behind the piston to actuate the toggle and depress the heading-die until in contact with the free end of the rivet-blank. The circuit now being completed through the secondary coil of the transformer, conductors 3l and 47, the anvil, heading-die, and rivet-blank, the circuit through the primary coil of the said transformer being preferably maintained closed, a heating current of electricity is passed through the rivet-blank in the manner hereinbefore described, and also described in lVhen the rivet-blank has been raised to the desired temperature or degree of incandescence, the treadle 57 is further depressed to admit more steam behindthe piston, so as to forcibly move the heading-die down upon the softened rivetblank and upset the latter, the cavity in the die molding a head on the end of said blank, while at the same time the shank of the rivet is upset to completely tillthe rivet-holesin the plates 5 and 6, the entire operation being usually completed by one stroke of the die. If the heading of the rivet is not completed by such operation, the die may be raised and again forcibly depressed by a suitable manipulation of the treadle, and repeated, if necessary, until the heading of the rivet is satisfactorily accomplished. During the operation the current may be regulated, as hereinbefore stated, or the current may be discontinued by moving the switch-lever to the dead-contact, or in any other desirable manner. As stated above, the circuit through the primary coil is preferably maintained always closed through the coils of the regulator. Current begins to iiow through the rivet the moment contact is completed with the dies, and the secondary current is then increased by moving the switch-lever to cut out the regulator-coils, thus reducing the counter electro-motive force generated thereby and permitting more current to ilow through the primary coil, which, of course, increases the current in the secondary. The regulating-switch may also be set to a certain point for given-sized rivets and the entire heating operation be left to itself. As the ends of the rivets make better contact with the dies as they assume the proper shape, the resistance is gradually diminished and the current automatically increased.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 2 of the drawings, there is shown a riveting-machine adapted for heavy work, such as riveting steam-boiler plates and the like. There is a heavy U-shaped frame GO, with legs Gl 62, normally extending in a horizontal position, and this frame is suspended by chains G3, secured to the upper leg 6l, and passing around pulleys Gi, mounted in a truck-frame G5, from whence the chains are returned to winding drums or windlasses 6G, journaled between standards 67, rising from the said upper leg (il. of the frame GO. Each drum is rotated by means of a crank GS on one of the ends of the drum-shaft 69, and is held against a reverse movement by a ratchet-wheel on the said drum-shaft, and a pawl 7l on the adjacent standard 67. The truck-frame G5 has the pulleys Gi mounted on its under side near the ends, and directly above said pulleys and on the upper side of the frame are mounted truck-wh eels 7 2, constructed to move on a rail or rails 7 3. Chains 74 are attached to the ends of the truck-frame 65 and extend to some convenient point where power may be applied to move the truck-frame, together with the frame 60, along the track in either direction to the desired position.

It will be understood that the drums G6 may be manipulated to raise or lower the frame G0 or incline it to any desired angle within the vertical plane marked by the chains 63 and by the two legs of the frame GO. To the free end of the lower leg 62 is secured a bracket 75, carrying a cylinder 76, in which is a piston 77, fitted for reciprocation therein. The piston is actuated by steam or compressed air admitted through a pipe 78 into a valve-chamber 79, from whence it is directed above or below the piston by a slide-valve 80, controlled by a valve-rod 8l, which may be manipulated by hand or otherwise. The cylinder, together with the piston and means for admitting steam to the cylinder, being` of common and wellknown construction, no further description thereof is necessary. The anvil l-l in this machine is cylindrical in form and constitutes the piston-rod entering the cylinder 7G through a stuliing-box 82, and at its lower end being reduced and passed through the piston and clamped thereto by a nut S3, which latter is screwed onto the lower end of the anvil-stein, which is screw-threaded, as shown, for the purpose. The anvil is insulated from the frame 60 by a bushing 84 of insulating material interposed between the reduced end of the anvil and the piston through which it passes, and by another bushing of insulating material, which may also serve as packing surrounding the anvilstem where it passes through the stufingbox. The upper end of the anvil has formed on it an expanded head l5', having a facing 17 of insulating material and a cavity for the head or end of a rivet-blank, similar to and for the same purpose as hereinbefore described with reference to the anvils shown in Figs. l and 1b. Below the head 15 the anvil is provided with a perforation for the recep- IOC tion of the end of a conductor 86, leading from a source of electricity capable of producing a low-tension current of great quantity, and which may be a transformer similar to either of those shown in Figs. 1 and 1b, or of any other suitable form, or a suitable dynamo or secondary battery. The conductor is clamped to the anvil by a set-screw S7 entering the aforesaid perforation in the anvil. To the free end of the upper legs 61 of the frame 60 is secured a bracket Se, having an upwardly and a downwardly projecting arm 89 and 90, respectively. The arm S9 of the bracket 88 carries a steam-cylinder 91, constructed to cause the automatic reciprocation of a steam-hammer 92, forming the piston and piston-rod, when steam or compressed air is admitted to the cylinder 19 through a pipe 93.

It is not necessary to describe in detail the construction of the steam-hammer, since the same forms no necessary part of my invention,` for the purposes of which it is of no consequence how this steam-hammer is constructed, so long` as it is reciprocated under the action of the steam or compressed airadmitted by the pipe 7 8. I have therefore shown in the drawings a steam-hammer of ordinary construction, which may be changed in various ways without affecting the principle of operation which forms the basis of my invention. The steam-hammercylinder91 is provided with a neck 94, through which extends the rod 95, forming a part of the hammer, and the free end of which constitutes the hammer-head. The arm of the bracket SS is provided with a horizontal extension 96, having a vertical passage for a heading-die 97, the latter consisting of a cylindrical b ody reduced at the lower end to a truste-conical shape and there provided with a head-molding cavity, (indicated by dotted lines,) and at the upper end, above theextension 96, the said die is provided with a buffer 98, of rawhide or other noise-deadening material, in line with the head of the hammer 92. Below the buffer 98 the die is encircled by a collar orange 99, against the top of which bears the lower end of a coiled spring 100, encircling` the said die and bearing at its upper end against the lower end of the neck 9a, the said spring tending at all times to depress the die. Projecting from one side of the die, near its lower end, is a pin 101, extending through a slot 102 in the side of the extension 96 of the bracket-arm 90 and in the path of the shorter arm 103 of an angle-lever lOl, pivoted to the said arm 90, and constructed to be manipulated byhand. The lever 104; is held with its shorter arnl in a normally-depressed position by a retractile spring 105, as shown. 1t will be evident that when the longer arm of the lever is depressed the shorter arm will be raised, and, acting` upon the pin 101, will elevate the heading-die against the action of the spring and above the' position shown in the drawings. Depending from the extension 96 of the bracket-arm 90 are two legs 106, each with a facing. 107 of insulating material on their lower ends. These arms constitute the lixed member of a clamp, the movable member being the anvil before described, and it will now be understood that two plates 5 6 to be riveted together may be placed over the anvil with a rivet-blank in place in matched rivet-holes in the said plates, and that steam or compressed air may be introduced into the cylinder 76 below the piston 77, when the anvil will be raised and force the said plates against the insulated lower ends of the legs 106, and thereby clamp them firmly together between the said anvil and legs. A conductor 108, leading from a transformer or other source of electric energy from which the conductor 86, before mentioned, leads, is connected to the upper leg 61 by a set-screw 109, or otherwise. To insure good electric connection between the movable heading-die and the portion of the bracket SS through which it is passed, and which is in circuit with the conductor 10S, there are contact-brushes 110, secured to the bracketextension 96 at the sides of the heading-die, and bearing at their free ends directlyon the said heading-die, so as to have a sliding contact therewith when the heading-die is moved in a longitudinal direction.

The operation of a riveting-machine constructed as shown and described with reference to Fig. 2 is as follows: The entire apparatus is iirst adjusted by means of the supporting-truck and the windlasses, in the manner before described, until the anvil is below matched rivet-holes in the plates in which a rivet-blank is inserted. 'lhe heading-die is then elevated by manipulating the lever lOl, after which steam or compressed air is admitted into the cylinder 7 6,below the piston 77, and the anvil is r ised, thereby clamping the plates firmly against the insulated lower ends of the legs 106. The lever 10% is now moved to its normal position and the heading-die is forced downward by the spring 100 into intimate contact with the upper or projecting end of the rivet-blank. Vhen the parts are in the position just described, there is an electric connection from the conductor S6 to and through the anvil, rivet, and heading-die, and by the contact-brushes 110 tothe upper leg 61 and the conductor 10S. The current is new turned on and controlled by a suitable regulator, (not shown.) which may be constructed in the same manner as those described with reference to Figs. 1 1b, unt-i1 the rivet is heated to the desired state of incandescence. Steam or compressed air is now admitted through the pipe 92S to the cylinder 91, the hammer is automatically reciprocated in a manner well understood, and a rapid succession of heavy blows is struck on the upper end of the heading-die, thus upsetting the softened rivet-blank and forming a head thereon. ln order to maintain the heading-die and anvil at an approximately normal IOC IIO

temperature, air-jets are directed against them by pipes 26 2U', respectively, which may be similar to those described with reference to Fig. l1 of the drawings, and are provided with nozzles adjacent to the said die and anvil; but I may use any other suitable means for the purpose of cooling the anvil and die, and I am, therefore, not confined to the use of airjets in connection with the machine illustrated in Fig. 2.

It will be observed that in each machine hereinbefore described the face of the anvil and the lower ends of the legs, forming the two members of the clamp for holding the plates together, are shown with a facing of insulating material, which, however, may be applied directly to the plates around thel rivetholes, a coating of mineral paint or other similar substance giving good results. By this means the current passing between the anvil and heading-die is con lined to the rivet, and the plates, therefore, remain comparatively cold during the operation of riveting, and are not compressed or distorted when the rivetblank is upset.

In the use of the different forms of apparatus hereinbefore described, the anvil and heading-die, being used at the same time as the terminals of the circuit-carrying current of great quantity for heating the rivet, are themselves readily heated, and unless provision were made for cooling these dies and anvils they would soon soften to such an extent as to render their continued use impracticable. For this reason the heat-abstracting or refrigerating` devices hereinbefore described are used; and it will be understood that I am not at all confined to the use of the refrigerators shown in this case, since any other means for abstracting the heat from the dies and anvils may be employed.

In order to prevent as much as possible the heating of and to more readily abstract the heat from the working ends of the dies and anvils, the same are preferably made of a metal of high conductivity for both heat and electricity, and especially, when possible, of greater conductivity for heat and electricity than the rivets employed. If iron rivets are used, the working ends of the die and anvil may be made with advantage of phosphorbronze, aluminium bronze, or any other suitable alloy of copper, and in all cases the crosssections of both the die and anvil are made much larger than that of the rivet.

Having now fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with a heading-die, of an anvil adjustable to and from the die and an electric circuit including said die and anvil, substantially as described.

2. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with a heading-die and anvil, of a clamp for the articles t0 be riveted and an electric circuit including thesaid die andanvil, substantially as described.

3. In an electric riveting apparatus, thev combination, with a heading-die, of. an anvil adjustable to and from the die, a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of which clamp is formed by the anvil, and an electric circuit including said die and anvil, substantially as described.

4. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with aheading-die, of a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of the clamp consisting of legs at the sides of the die, an anvil'adjustable to and from the die constituting the other jaw of the clamp, and an electric 'circuit including said die and arnvil, substantially as described.

5. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination,with a heading-die, of an anvil, a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of which clamp is formed by the anvil, alayer of insulating material interposed between the working-faces of the clamp-jaws and the articles clamped, and an electric circuit including the die and anvil, substantially as described.

(5. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with a heading-die, of an anvil, a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of which is formed by the said anvil and provided with a layer of insulating material on the working face of each jaw, and an electric circuit including the anvil and die, substantially as described.

7. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with a heading-die and anvil forming the terminals of an electric circuit, of 4a refrigerator for cooling said die and anvil, substantially as described.

S. In an electric riveting apparatus, thel combination, with a heading-die and anvil forming the terminals of an electric circuit, of pipes provided with nozzles for directing a cooling agent against the working ends of said die and anvil, substantially as described.

tl. In a machine for heating metals electrically preparatory to shaping the same, the combination of a ring-shaped bar constituting the supporting-frame of the machine and also the secondary of an inductional transformer, with the primary of such transformer applied to said bar, and a shell or envelope of magnetic material for said transformer, substantially as described.

10. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with an inductional transformer constituting the frame-work of the apparatus, of an anvil and heading-die forming the terminals of the secondary conductor of said transformer, substantially as described.

l1. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with an inductional transformer constituting the frame-work of the apparatus, and consisting of a tine-wire primary coil and an open frame forming the secondary conductor, of an anvil and heading-die forming IOO IIO

the terminals of said secondary conductor, substantially as described.

12. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination, with an inductional transformer constituting the frame-work of the apparatus, and consisting of a tine-wire primary coil, an open frame forming the secondary conductor, and a shell of magnetic material for the said primary and secondary, of a heading-die and anvil forming the terminals of said secondary conductor, substantially as described.

13. In an electric riveting' apparatus, the combination, with an inductional transformer composed of a tine-wire primary coil and a secondary conductor with adjacent projecting ends, of an anvil and heading-die carried by said ends and a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of which is formed by said anvil, substantially as described.

14. In an electric riveting` apparatus, the combination, with an inductional transformer constituting the frame of the apparatus and provided with a secondary conductor having adjacent projecting ends, of a heading-die and adjustable anvil carried by said ends and a clamp for the articles to be riveted, one jaw of which is formed by the said anvil, substantially as described.

15. In an electric riveting apparatus, a heading-die and anvil constituting the terminals of au electric circuit, composed of an alloy of copper having higher specific conductivity than the metal of the rivet operated upon, substantially as described.

16. In an electric riveting apparatus, the combination of a heading-die and anvil composed of a metal of higher specific conductivity than that of the rivet operated upon, with guides and supports for the anvil and die, composed of a metal of inferior electric conductivity, substantially as described.

17. In an electric riveting' apparatus, aheading-die and anvil composed of aluminium bronze having higher specific conductivity than the metal of the rivet operated upon, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELIAS E. RIES.

Witnesses:

JNO. T. MADDOX, LEOPOLD Bins.

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