US4439064A - Tunnel framings - Google Patents

Tunnel framings Download PDF

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Publication number
US4439064A
US4439064A US06/374,898 US37489882A US4439064A US 4439064 A US4439064 A US 4439064A US 37489882 A US37489882 A US 37489882A US 4439064 A US4439064 A US 4439064A
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Prior art keywords
horizontal
panel
half casing
sections
vertical
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/374,898
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English (en)
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Cornelis van der Gaarden
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Outinord St Amand SA
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Outinord St Amand SA
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Assigned to OUTINORD ST. AMAND S. A. reassignment OUTINORD ST. AMAND S. A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: VAN DER GAARDEN, CORNELIS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/02—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for rooms as a whole by which walls and floors are cast simultaneously, whole storeys, or whole buildings

Definitions

  • the present invention deals with improvements to tunnel-framings for poured concrete of the type having two half shells or half-casings each consisting of a vertical panel supported on the ground by means of adjustable screw-jacks and a horizontal half-panel composed of several rectangular panel elements having elongated sides parallel to the edge of the dihedron; the vertical panel and the horizontal half-panel being connected by struts of adjustable lengths, each panel consisting of a framing surface supported by omega-shaped braces which are themselves sustained by vertical and horizontal beams perpendicular to the edge of the dihedron at the height of the struts and hinged to each other at the level of the edge.
  • the height between the floor and ceiling varies little from one construction to another.
  • the sizes of the rooms that is the distances between the walls, vary greatly.
  • Tunnel-framings well known for 25 years, must be able to adapt the size of their horizontal panel to the surface of the ceilings.
  • the present invention proposes a solution to this problem of dimension adaptation.
  • tunnel-framing with which it is possible to construct simultaneously from concrete two lateral walls and a celing, are classified into two large groups;
  • the first group includes the two-half-casing type framing which has been described principally in French Pat. No. 1,180,699, of June 17, 1957, and its addition No. 73,650, of May 29, 1958.
  • Some improvements have been described in French Pat. No. 2,136,400, of Apr. 11, 1972, and in French Pat. No. 2,256,671, of Dec. 28, 1973, to which can be added its first certificate of addition No. 2,323,844, of Dec. 3, 1974; these last two patents provide improvements which will make it possible to accelerate the utilization of the framing.
  • connection between the free edges of the half-casing horizontal panels is made by means of key bolts which have been described in French Pat. No. 2,136,400, of Apr. 11, 1972.
  • the second group is the one known as "RETRACTABLE FRAMING", that is those in which the horizontal panel is assembled in one piece that can be shaped by curving it downward in order to bring closer together the two edges of the dihedrons created by the horizontal panel and the vertical panels or sides.
  • These framings were described in the French Pat. No. 1,512,440, of Dec. 23, 1966, and its certificate of addition No. 95,181, of June 17, 1968, as well as in French Pat. No. 1,600,108, of Dec. 30, 1968, and its certificate of addition No. 2,079,546, of Feb. 4, 1970.
  • An improvement to this type of framing has been disclosed in French patent application No. 78/22894, filed July 25, 1978.
  • the framings according to the invention are characterzied by the combination, on each half-casing,
  • one section the closest one to the edge, supports a horizontal panel element that includes the edge of the dihedron, and is less wide than the length of the said beam section; the extremities of said beam section being supported, on one side, by an articulation on a vertical beam, and on the other side, by the strut.
  • the other beam section is attached to the first section and supports, at its free extremity, another horizontal panel element, said end panel being less wide than the length of the said second section, thus allowing a gap between each of the panels supported by the two telescopic sections; the width of that gap is determined selectively based on the length of the sections, the width of the panels and the connecting device used between the sections;
  • each half-casing may have an additional segment, that is to say a supplementary panel placed beyond the end-panel, which supplementary panel is supported by oscillatable levers at the end of the second horizontal beam section. These levers can be fastened as an extension of said second beam section in order to support the additional panel segment in the plane of the horizontal panel when this is necessary.
  • additional band is used or not, bolts are provided to join together the free edges of the horizontal panels of the two half-casings.
  • the bolts are of a known type that is described, particularly, in French Pat. No. 2,136,400, of Apr. 11, 1972.
  • retractible tunnel-framings the free edges of the two-half-casing horizontal panels are joined by an articulation that permits deflection of the horizontal beams at their junction, and of the horizontal panel at that level.
  • the horizontal reinforcing beam at the base of the vertical panels is used as a sliding track for fixed bearing supports mounted on the floor, to facilitate longitudinal movement of the half-casings.
  • the horizontal beam at the base of each vertical panel has a square section with a vertical diagonal, and the two lower sides of the beam are supported on runners the axes of which have an inclination of 45°, and are attached to supports that rest on the floor.
  • the horizontal beam section closest to the edge is composed of two back-to-back U irons with vertical webs set at a distance from each other sufficient to permit the sliding insertion of another section which constitutes the other horizontal beam section.
  • the improvements provided by the invention make it possible to adjust exactly the dimensions of the horizontal panel of the casing due to the utilization of properly chosen modular panels.
  • a small panel equal to the difference in thickness of wall thickness, and thin shims allowing the adaptation of one and the same casing to distances between axes of identical walls.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary vertical section, perpendicular to the edge of the dihedron, of a half-casing with a horizontal panel in two parts, the panel furtherest from the edge being separated from the other one, for clarity of illustration, and containing an additional segment articulated at the end of an oscillatable lever.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the horizontal beam that supports the horizontal panel taken at the junction of the two telescopic sections.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 illustrate a series of panels of modular widths designed to fill the gap between the two horizontal panel elements, that is the panel closest to the intersection and the end-panel.
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical section similar to figures 3 to 7, of a very narrow intermediate panel or segment, the width of which is less than the thickness of the walls.
  • FIGS. 9 to 15 are fragmentary vertical sections perpendicular to the edges of the upper part of various tunnel-framings having horizontal panels of the same breadth, such panels being constructed of different variants, with panel elements of different widths, showing therefore the great possibilities provided by the framing of the invention.
  • the tunnel-framing comprises to half-casing such as (1) and (2).
  • Each half-casing (1) or (2) includes a vertical panel (3) or (4) and a horizontal panel (5) or (6).
  • the vertical panels (3) and (4) are supported on the ground by means of jacks (not shown) which permit slight vertical displacement of the height of a framing, as explained in the above mentioned patents.
  • the vertical panels of two contiguous tunnel-framings or of a tunnel-framing with a panel segment are connected by struts or rods shown as broken lines (7), (8), (9).
  • the vertical panels (3), (4) like the horizontal panels (5), (6), include enclosing surfaces supported by omega-shaped braces (10) preferably positioned parallel to the outer edges (11), (12) of the dihedrons, and which are themselves supported by vertical beams (13), (14) and horizontal beams (15), (16) arranged in planes perpendicular to the edges (11), (12).
  • the base of the vertical beams (13), (14) is connected to the middle part of the horizontal beams (15), (16) by struts such as (17) whose length can be adjusted by a screwing device (18); the struts (17) are articulated at (19) at the base of the vertical beams and at (20) at the horizontal beams.
  • the horizontal beam (15) is divided into two telescopic sections (151), (152) abutting each other lengthwise (FIG. 1).
  • Section (151), the one closest to the outer edge (11) or (12), is made of two U irons (33), (34) (FIG. 2) whose vertical webs are back to back.
  • the two U irons (33), (34) have enough separation between them to allow the sliding therebetween of a shaped section (35) which constitutes the second section (152) of the horizontal beam (15).
  • the first section (151) is articulated at its distal end at (36) at the top of the vertical beam (13). At its other end, it has a bearing (37) comprising the articulation for the strut (17).
  • the sections (151) and (152) are attached to each other by bolts passing through the holes (38) to (41). Those holes are perforated in locations determined by the width desired for the horizontal panels (5), (6) as will be described below.
  • Section (151) supports, in a fixed manner, a horizontal panel element (42), including the edge (11), which is much less wide than the length of section (151).
  • the second section (152) supports, adjacent its proximal end (43), another horizontal panel element (44), said end panel (44) also being much less wide than the length of the said second section (152).
  • that gap can be reduced to nought when the I beam (35) is completely inserted between the two U irons (33) and (34), so as to insure a gapless joint between the elements (42) and (44).
  • it is filled by modular length panels (45) to (50) (FIGS. 3 to 8) used by themselves or in various combinations, as will be explained below.
  • each half-casing contains, as its horizontal panel, only element (42) which is structurally too weak to insure sufficient rigidity of the half-casing which, under common handling conditions, will lose its shape by becoming rounded at the base of the vertical panels (3) or (4).
  • a horizontal reinforcing beam (51) attached to the base of the vertical panels (3) and (4) by supports (52).
  • the beam (51) is placed inwardly of the vertical panel (3) or (4).
  • the beam (51) is given the role of a sliding track for the fixed bearing supports which lie on the floor (53) and which facilitate the longitudinal displacement of each half-casing (1) or (2).
  • the use of the additional segment (21) is optional. If it is not used, the key bolts are fastened on the proximal end (43) and the additional segment (21) hangs under the section (152), unused. If it is desirable to increase the dimension of the horizontal panel (5), the oscillatable lever (22) is raised by pivoting it about the articulation (23), in the direction of the arrow (57), and the said lever (22) is fastened in prolongation of the section (152), by means of bolts, for example. The key bolt is then placed at (32) in the free end of the additional segment (21).
  • the horizontal panel (5) or (6) is completed by laying the end-panel (44) against the horizontal panel element (42), by moving the section (152) in the direction of the arrow (58), and by bolting the said section (152) to section (151) (that is to say the I beam (35) to the U irons (33) and (34)--FIG. 2); of course, the length of the horizontal panel (5) and (6) can be adjusted by putting between the end panel (44) and the horizontal panel element (42) one of the panel elements (45) to (50), or a combination thereof; also, one may or may not use the additional segment (21).
  • FIGS. 9 to 15 Examples of various combinations have been illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 15 which now will be briefly described.
  • the horizontal half-panels (5) and (6) of the arrangements illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 15 comprise:
  • panel elements (42), (60), (44), (62), (44), (61), (50) and (59) are used from left to right and in sequence.
  • the small panel element (50) which permits modification of the over-all length of the panel on account of thickness of the same wall. Supposing that in the lower part of a construction one must use walls of 22, while for the upper part walls of 11 are sufficient because the weight to be supported is less, it is clear that the rooms of the upper floors may be slightly larger than those of the lower floors. To change from one dimension to the other, it will suffice to add a small panel element (50) without having to use any other type of framing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US06/374,898 1981-04-28 1982-05-04 Tunnel framings Expired - Lifetime US4439064A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8108825A FR2504580A1 (fr) 1981-04-28 1981-04-28 Perfectionnements aux coffrages tunnels
FR8108825 1981-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4439064A true US4439064A (en) 1984-03-27

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ID=9258037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/374,898 Expired - Lifetime US4439064A (en) 1981-04-28 1982-05-04 Tunnel framings

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4439064A (fr)
FR (1) FR2504580A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1155326B (fr)
NL (1) NL181817C (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4621951A (en) * 1983-08-02 1986-11-11 Dewson Frederick J Modular reusable overcast
US5109952A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-05 Starks John W Mobile and adjustable scaffold system for tunnel roofing and other applications
US5253955A (en) * 1990-01-30 1993-10-19 Walbroehl H T Automatically advancing supporting and sliding form for introducing an in-situ concrete lining
US6619885B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2003-09-16 Outinord St. Amand, S.A. Telescopic tunnel form
US20040083663A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-05-06 Englekirk Partners Consulting Structural wall coupling system
US20050093190A1 (en) * 2003-08-31 2005-05-05 Yonah Saddik Concrete structures and construction methods
US20060249329A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2006-11-09 Yuanhe Li Formwork construction method for inner wall and device thereof
US7581363B2 (en) 2001-03-05 2009-09-01 Mawby Walter H Method for constructing a multistory building
US20180171649A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Kevin Jury Void platform and a method for providing a platform support across a building void
US10443381B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2019-10-15 Gms Mine Repair And Maintenance, Inc. Adjustable mine ventilation system and method
US20210189675A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2021-06-24 Innoventive Solutions Pty Ltd Barrier system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3706597A1 (de) * 1987-02-28 1988-09-08 Frei & Egger Ag Schalung fuer das giessen von gebaeudeteilen
WO2007132413A1 (fr) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-22 Mesa Imalat Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Armature de voûte de tunnel

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2118004A1 (de) * 1970-06-08 1971-12-16 Alonso, Jose Martin, Madrid Tunnelverschalung
US3678693A (en) * 1969-06-03 1972-07-25 Huennebeck Gmbh Tunnel formwork
US3693927A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-09-26 Economy Forms Corp Release plate for a collapsible culvert form
US3979919A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-09-14 Societe Outinord-St-Amand Tunnel framing for poured concrete
US4261542A (en) * 1978-07-25 1981-04-14 Outinord-St.-Amand, S.A. Improvements in retractile tunnel forms for poured concrete
NL8000601A (nl) * 1980-01-30 1981-09-01 Maco Veenendaal B V Intrekbare tunnelbekisting.
NL8002999A (nl) * 1980-05-23 1981-12-16 Maco Veenendaal B V Tunnelbekisting.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2031378A1 (fr) * 1969-02-19 1970-11-20 Blaw Knox Cie Fse
FR2079546A6 (fr) * 1970-02-04 1971-11-12 Batimetal
LU64498A1 (fr) * 1971-02-25 1972-06-20
FR2217973A5 (fr) * 1973-02-12 1974-09-06 Levi Victor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678693A (en) * 1969-06-03 1972-07-25 Huennebeck Gmbh Tunnel formwork
US3693927A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-09-26 Economy Forms Corp Release plate for a collapsible culvert form
DE2118004A1 (de) * 1970-06-08 1971-12-16 Alonso, Jose Martin, Madrid Tunnelverschalung
US3979919A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-09-14 Societe Outinord-St-Amand Tunnel framing for poured concrete
US4261542A (en) * 1978-07-25 1981-04-14 Outinord-St.-Amand, S.A. Improvements in retractile tunnel forms for poured concrete
NL8000601A (nl) * 1980-01-30 1981-09-01 Maco Veenendaal B V Intrekbare tunnelbekisting.
NL8002999A (nl) * 1980-05-23 1981-12-16 Maco Veenendaal B V Tunnelbekisting.

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4621951A (en) * 1983-08-02 1986-11-11 Dewson Frederick J Modular reusable overcast
US5253955A (en) * 1990-01-30 1993-10-19 Walbroehl H T Automatically advancing supporting and sliding form for introducing an in-situ concrete lining
US5109952A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-05 Starks John W Mobile and adjustable scaffold system for tunnel roofing and other applications
US7581363B2 (en) 2001-03-05 2009-09-01 Mawby Walter H Method for constructing a multistory building
US6619885B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2003-09-16 Outinord St. Amand, S.A. Telescopic tunnel form
US20040083663A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-05-06 Englekirk Partners Consulting Structural wall coupling system
US7596922B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2009-10-06 Englekirk Partners Consulting Structural Engineers, Inc. Structural wall coupling system
US20060249329A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2006-11-09 Yuanhe Li Formwork construction method for inner wall and device thereof
US20050093190A1 (en) * 2003-08-31 2005-05-05 Yonah Saddik Concrete structures and construction methods
US10443381B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2019-10-15 Gms Mine Repair And Maintenance, Inc. Adjustable mine ventilation system and method
US20180171649A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Kevin Jury Void platform and a method for providing a platform support across a building void
US20210189675A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2021-06-24 Innoventive Solutions Pty Ltd Barrier system
US12031285B2 (en) * 2018-05-11 2024-07-09 Innoventive Solutions Pty Ltd Barrier system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL8104295A (nl) 1982-11-16
NL181817B (nl) 1987-06-01
IT8267538A0 (it) 1982-04-23
NL181817C (nl) 1987-11-02
FR2504580B1 (fr) 1983-12-02
IT1155326B (it) 1987-01-28
FR2504580A1 (fr) 1982-10-29

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