US4429495A - Door for buildings - Google Patents
Door for buildings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4429495A US4429495A US06/290,494 US29049481A US4429495A US 4429495 A US4429495 A US 4429495A US 29049481 A US29049481 A US 29049481A US 4429495 A US4429495 A US 4429495A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- door
- door frame
- bolt
- outside
- portions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/007—Devices for reducing friction between lock parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/02—Striking-plates; Keepers; Bolt staples; Escutcheons
- E05B15/0205—Striking-plates, keepers, staples
- E05B15/022—Striking-plates, keepers, staples movable, resilient or yieldable
- E05B15/0225—Resilient block type, e.g. made from rubber
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S292/00—Closure fasteners
- Y10S292/38—Plastic latch parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
- Y10T292/68—Keepers
- Y10T292/685—With anti-friction means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the construction of a door which can be easily opened even if the door frame is deformed by the relative story displacement of the wall of the building at the time of an earthquake.
- Japanese Utility Model Application No. Sho. 53-131843 provides a door in which the edge faces thereof and the inner faces of a door frame facing each other are inclined so that the outside panel of the door is larger in area than the inside panel thereof, thereby said door being pushed out of said door frame when said door frame is deformed.
- the aforesaid door may not be pushed out of the door frame when the door and the door frame are brought into contact with each other, because large displacements of the door frame and the door, such as may be caused by an earthquake, are not considered in the design thereof with respect to the clearances between the door frame and the door.
- outside refers to the side of the door removed from the door-frame stop, as opposed to the "inside” of the door which is the side that contacts the stop.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a door of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line II--II in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line III--III in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view, in part, of the door.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 are enlarged transverse sectional views, in part, of modified examples of the door.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view, in part, of a lock of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of a bolt recess assembly.
- FIG. 10 (A) is a transverse sectional view of the lock.
- FIG. 10 (B) is an enlarged transverse sectional view, in part, of the lock.
- FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of the bolt recess assembly.
- FIG. 12 is a transverse sectional view of the same.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are transverse sectional views of modified examples of the lock.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate the displacement effect of external forces on buildings and walls and on clearances of doors and locks.
- FIG. 17 illustrates the operation of doors at various displacements.
- numeral 1 represents a door frame fixed in a doorway in a building wall by means of anchors 2 and mortar, etc.
- the door frame 1 is rectangular, and comprises a pair of jambs 11, a lintel or header 12 and a threshold 13.
- Numeral 3 represents a door hung within the door frame 1 so as to turn on hinges 4 fastened to the door frame 1 and the door 3.
- Numeral 5 represents a doorknob.
- the outside panel 31 of the door 3 is larger in area than the inside panel 32 thereof, and the four edge faces 33 of the door 3 are provided on their outside portions with acute-angled projecting portions 33a.
- the outside portions of the inner faces 14 of the door frame 1 are inclined toward the outside, said inclined portions 14a facing the acute-angled projecting portions 33a of the door 3 with clearances mentioned below.
- Numeral 14b represents a flat portion which is inward of and adjacent to each inclined portion 14a.
- 14c is a doorstop provided next to each flat portion 14b.
- the right and left clearances c 1 and d 1 between the acute-angled projecting portions 33a and the inclined portions 14a are about the same as said clearances a 1 and b 1 .
- the clearances a, b, c and d between the flat portions 14b of the door frame 1 and the edge faces of the door 3 opposing each other are 6 to 8 mm each so that a 1 ⁇ a, b 1 ⁇ b, c 1 ⁇ c and d 1 ⁇ d.
- each inclined portion 14a is always smaller than the angle ⁇ of each acute-angled projecting portion 33a.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 show modified examples of the present invention, in which the entire opposing faces of the door frame 1 and the door 3 are inclined. That is, each inclined portion 14a of the door frame 1 continues to each doorstop 14c, and each of the four edge faces 33 of the door 3 is a flat and continuously inclined face 33b unlike that of the door 3 shown in FIG. 3.
- the examples shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 are basically the same as the example shown in FIG. 3. What is mentioned above concerning the clearances between the door frame 1 and the door 3 as well as the angle of each inclined portion 14a of the door frame 1 and the angle of each acute-angled projecting portion 33a of the door 3 is applicable also to these modified examples.
- the door frames and the doors shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are made of steel plates.
- the door frame and the door in FIG. 6 are made of aluminum alloy, and those in FIG. 7 are made of wood.
- A, B, C and D designate the inner corners of the door frame, P, Q, R and S the corners of the door, W and H, the inner dimensions of the door frame, w and h the dimensions of the door, a, b, c and d the clearances between the door frame and the door, and the dotted line designates the normal position of the bolt.
- the main clearances a, b, c and d between the inner faces of the door frame 1 and the corresponding edge faces of the door 3 are 6 to 8 mm each. Therefore, if the door frame 1 and/or the door 3 are/is deformed to a small or medium degree by an earthquake, the deformation is absorbed by said clearances. If the deformation is larger and an acute-angled projecting portion 33a on an edge face 33 of the door 3 contacts an inclined portion 14a provided on an inner face 14 of the door frame 1, the door 3 is slid or sprung toward the outside. (The portion P in FIG. 16 (II) or the portion Q in FIG.
- the door 3 does not slide easily toward the outside because the inside portion of an edge face 14 of the door 3 firmly contacts an inner face of the door frame 1 and the area of the contact between them is larger. If it becomes difficult or impossible to open the door as a result of an earthquake, one may be confined to his room. This is a very serious problem especially if a fire breaks out therein.
- the door 3 of the invention can be opened by pushing or striking it from inside the room, so that one can escape from the room safely and surely.
- antifriction members 103 it is desirable to attach antifriction members 103 to the edge faces of the door 3 and/or the inner faces of the door frame 1 which may contact each other when the door 3 or the door frame is deformed. (See FIG. 5.)
- the door 3 of the invention is provided on its four edge faces 33 with the acute-angled projecting portions 33a, and the clearances a 1 , b 1 , c 1 and d 1 between the projecting portions 33a and the inclined portions 14a of the door frame 1 are 2 to 5 mm each, there is no fear that the door 3 may be forced open by inserting a bar or the like into one of the clearances.
- numeral 6 represents a cage or cartridge inserted in or attached to the door 3
- numeral 7 represents a latch bolt contained in an upper or lower portion of the cage 6 so as to slide back and forth.
- the latch bolt 7 is usually protruded through a face plate 61 by the force of a spring (not shown) disposed within the latch bolt 7, and is completely retracted into the cage 6 when a doorknob 5 or any other means similar thereto is turned to open the door 3.
- a dead bolt 8 is disposed under or over the latch bolt 7 within the cage 6, and is adapted to be protruded through the face plate 61 and retracted into the cage 6 by means of a thumb turn 51 for instance.
- An antifriction member 10 made for instance of a nylon polymer containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), an acetal polymer containing oil or any other polymer having a low coefficient of friction or a fluoridized metal, is fixed to a sliding portion or each sliding portion between an inner side or each of both inner sides of the cage 6 and the latch bolt 7 or the dead bolt 8.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which the antifriction member 10 is fixed to an inner side of the cage 6.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which the anti-friction member 10 is fixed to each of both inner sides of the cage 6.
- Numeral 9 represents a bolt recess assembly comprising a box-shaped bolt recess 91 into which the end of said latch bolt 7 and the end of said dead bolt 8 are inserted, and a face plate 92 provided in front of the bolt recess 91.
- the bolt recess 91 is fitted inside with an antifriction member 101 similar to said antifriction member 10, having a low coefficient of friction.
- the antifriction member 101 inside the bolt recess 91 may be in the form of a sleeve, box or plate. As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the inner surface 102 of the antifriction member 101 is inclined so as to decrease its thickness toward the outside.
- clearances S 1 and S 2 of at least 6 mm each, preferably about 7 mm each, between the upper inner surface 102 of the antifriction member 101 and the upper surface of the latch bolt 7 or the dead bolt 8 and between the lower inner surface 102 of the antifriction member 101 and the lower surface of the latch bolt 7 or the dead bolt 8 when at least one of the latch bolt 7 and the dead bolt 8 is inserted into the bolt recess 91 (see FIG. 11).
- the clearances between each inner side of the antifriction member 101 and each side of the latch bolt 7 or the dead bolt 8 are about 1 to 3 mm each.
- FIG. 13 shows a modified example in which the latch bolt 7 and the dead bolt 8 are contained in a cage 106 attached externally to the door 3.
- FIG. 16 shows the behavior of a dead bolt or a latch bolt and the clearances between the bolt and a bolt recess at the time of an earthquake.
- a portion (upper or lower portion) of the door of the present invention is slid on the inclined portion of the door frame toward the outside, and the door itself is twisted 5 to 6 mm.
- any kind of door may be deformed toward the outside according to the direction of earthquake shocks and the construction of the wall in which the door is fitted. In such cases, the dead bolt and the latch bolt receive shearing force through the bolt recess.
- each of the bolts can be easily released by turning the doorknob or the thumb turn with small force unless the lock is damaged.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/290,494 US4429495A (en) | 1981-08-06 | 1981-08-06 | Door for buildings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/290,494 US4429495A (en) | 1981-08-06 | 1981-08-06 | Door for buildings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4429495A true US4429495A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
Family
ID=23116260
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/290,494 Expired - Fee Related US4429495A (en) | 1981-08-06 | 1981-08-06 | Door for buildings |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4429495A (en) |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3517768A1 (en) | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-20 | Alfons Riepe | Door frame |
US4818000A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-04-04 | The Stanley Works | Decorative surface bolt |
DE3546542C2 (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1991-01-10 | Alfons Riepe | |
US5406814A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1995-04-18 | Zeager; Michael | Door lock system |
US5509236A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-04-23 | Angles; Peter V. | Safety canopy for a doorway or portal |
DE19630884A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Koerber Christa | Floor cover used in hollow floors of e.g. vehicles and buildings |
US6041553A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-03-28 | The Bilco Company | Anchorage system for a horizontal door |
US6415558B1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-07-09 | Autoquip Corporation | Tornado shelter |
US20030159360A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2003-08-28 | Gerhard Mersch | Vehicle door module including an adapter for the assmebly of a door control module to a motor vehicle door |
EP1469158A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | Chi Sheng Chen | Escape door for housings or vehicles |
US6908125B2 (en) | 1996-06-18 | 2005-06-21 | Itw Limited | Pressure actuated locking device |
US20060101736A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-18 | Sun Housing Corporation | Door structure for avoiding from confinement and door altering member therefore |
US20070256363A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-11-08 | York International Corporation | Access door |
US7428800B1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-09-30 | Cliffton Vaughn | In-ground shelter |
US20080289547A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-11-27 | Yuji Wakamatsu | Crime Prevention Structure of Steel Door |
RU2467144C2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2012-11-20 | Федеральное бюджетное учреждение "3 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Fire resistant door unit |
RU2481955C2 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-05-20 | Евгений Александрович Кузнецов | Method of making multilayer article |
US8646225B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-02-11 | Jerry Wirtz | In-ground shelter |
US20140069019A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-13 | Diversified Structural Composites, Inc. | Door Seal Apparatus |
JP2014122489A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-07-03 | Sankyotateyama Inc | Gate door |
US9273510B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2016-03-01 | Keith Pardoe | Systems, devices, and/or methods for managing door frames |
CN106068358A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-11-02 | 卢卡·法拉劳丽塔 | Openable door in the case of structural failure |
US20170009486A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Roy Fenwick | Flexible door latch strike |
US9702160B2 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2017-07-11 | American Safety Shelter, Llc | Above-ground shelter |
RU185631U1 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Авиор" | ELECTRONIC INSTALLATION DOOR |
JP2019173387A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-10 | 旭化成ホームズ株式会社 | Sash unit and frame structure body |
-
1981
- 1981-08-06 US US06/290,494 patent/US4429495A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3546542C2 (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1991-01-10 | Alfons Riepe | |
DE3517768A1 (en) | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-20 | Alfons Riepe | Door frame |
US4818000A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-04-04 | The Stanley Works | Decorative surface bolt |
US5406814A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1995-04-18 | Zeager; Michael | Door lock system |
US5509236A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-04-23 | Angles; Peter V. | Safety canopy for a doorway or portal |
US6918620B2 (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 2005-07-19 | Itw Limited | Locking device |
US6908125B2 (en) | 1996-06-18 | 2005-06-21 | Itw Limited | Pressure actuated locking device |
DE19630884A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Koerber Christa | Floor cover used in hollow floors of e.g. vehicles and buildings |
DE19630884B4 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2006-09-14 | Körber, Christa | Bottom cover and method for its production |
US6041553A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-03-28 | The Bilco Company | Anchorage system for a horizontal door |
US6415558B1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-07-09 | Autoquip Corporation | Tornado shelter |
US20030159360A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2003-08-28 | Gerhard Mersch | Vehicle door module including an adapter for the assmebly of a door control module to a motor vehicle door |
DE10208106B4 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2013-04-11 | Roof Systems Germany Gmbh | Assembly for a vehicle door |
US7805888B2 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2010-10-05 | Arvinmeritor Gmbh | Adapter for the assembly of a door control module to a motor vehicle door |
EP1469158A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | Chi Sheng Chen | Escape door for housings or vehicles |
US7428800B1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-09-30 | Cliffton Vaughn | In-ground shelter |
US20080289547A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-11-27 | Yuji Wakamatsu | Crime Prevention Structure of Steel Door |
US20060101736A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-18 | Sun Housing Corporation | Door structure for avoiding from confinement and door altering member therefore |
US20070256363A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-11-08 | York International Corporation | Access door |
RU2467144C2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2012-11-20 | Федеральное бюджетное учреждение "3 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Fire resistant door unit |
US8646225B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-02-11 | Jerry Wirtz | In-ground shelter |
US9702160B2 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2017-07-11 | American Safety Shelter, Llc | Above-ground shelter |
RU2481955C2 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-05-20 | Евгений Александрович Кузнецов | Method of making multilayer article |
US20140069019A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-13 | Diversified Structural Composites, Inc. | Door Seal Apparatus |
JP2014122489A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-07-03 | Sankyotateyama Inc | Gate door |
US9273510B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2016-03-01 | Keith Pardoe | Systems, devices, and/or methods for managing door frames |
CN106068358A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-11-02 | 卢卡·法拉劳丽塔 | Openable door in the case of structural failure |
JP2017511853A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2017-04-27 | ファラオリータ、ルカ | Door that can be opened in case of structural damage |
US10428574B2 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2019-10-01 | Luca FALLAOLITA | Door openable in case of structural failure |
US20170009486A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Roy Fenwick | Flexible door latch strike |
US9822550B2 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-11-21 | Roy Fenwick | Flexible door latch strike |
JP2019173387A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-10 | 旭化成ホームズ株式会社 | Sash unit and frame structure body |
RU185631U1 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Авиор" | ELECTRONIC INSTALLATION DOOR |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MITSUI METAL PROCESSING CO., LTD. 26-6, HIGASHI-NI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AOKI, KIYOMI;REEL/FRAME:003938/0914 Effective date: 19811009 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TOYO SASH BIRU KENZAI CO., LTD., SANYO BUILDING, 2 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MITSUI METAL PROCESSING CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:004444/0994 Effective date: 19850618 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 19880207 |