US4429398A - Twin waveguide laser - Google Patents
Twin waveguide laser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4429398A US4429398A US06/348,565 US34856582A US4429398A US 4429398 A US4429398 A US 4429398A US 34856582 A US34856582 A US 34856582A US 4429398 A US4429398 A US 4429398A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- passages
- laser
- discharge
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/07—Construction or shape of active medium consisting of a plurality of parts, e.g. segments
- H01S3/073—Gas lasers comprising separate discharge sections in one cavity, e.g. hybrid lasers
- H01S3/076—Folded-path lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/03—Constructional details of gas laser discharge tubes
- H01S3/0315—Waveguide lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
- H01S3/1055—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of an RF-discharge waveguide laser.
- the invention relates to an RF-discharge waveguide laser having multiple waveguides sharing a common set of transverse discharge electrodes, so that the duplication and redundancy implied by separate electrode or power supplies for each waveguide is eliminated.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the electrode and waveguide configuration of a laser constructed according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section of a pair of lasers sharing a common diffraction grating.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a cross section of a pair of waveguide lasers, each waveguide having a separate diffraction grating.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross section of a pair of waveguides connected in series.
- electrodes 110 and 112 are separated by ceramic slab 122, into one surface of which waveguides 132 and 134 are machined.
- the material of slab 122 may be alumina or any other suitable ceramic material.
- Electrodes 110 and 112 are fed RF power from a conventional power source omitted from the illustration for simplicity. Typical mirrors and diffraction gratings appropriate for waveguide lasers are conventional in the art and are also omitted from the drawing for clarity.
- a plurality of passages 192 having cross sectional area comparable to the cross section of the discharge channel are formed in slab 122, connecting the two discharge passages. These connecting passages permit the discharge plasma to communicate between channels and thereby improve discharge stability. Since the passages are at a right angle to the path of the laser radiation, there is very little communication between optical cavities and systems in which the two cavities run at different frequencies are not adversely affected.
- Enclosure 150 encloses and supports diffraction grating 146 mounted on piezoelectric transducer 148.
- the interior of enclosure 150 may be filled with a gas and pressure chosen for convenience.
- Grating 146 is sufficiently large to control the optical beams passing from waveguides 132 and 134 through window 144 and being reflected back from grating 146.
- Frequency adjuster 152 is a plate of transparent material oriented at Brewster's angle which changes the effective cavity length for waveguide 134 and thus changes the operating frequency of that waveguide. With frequency adjuster 152, waveguides 132 and 134 operate within the transition selected by grating 146, but at the frequency offset determined by the thickness of adjuster 152.
- Transducer 148 is controlled by conventional circuitry to maintain the cavity length of the two lasers at a predetermined amount to compensate for any thermal length variations. Control circuitry is conventional and is omitted from the diagram.
- FIG. 3 illustrates in cross section an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which separate gratings 154 and 156, controlled by separate piezoelectric transducers 158 and 160, determine the frequency of the two lasers.
- This embodiment eliminates the considerable alignment problem involved in setting one grating correctly for both channels, at the cost of less optical commonality.
- FIG. 4 illustrates in cross section another embodiment of the invention in which waveguides 132 and 134 are combined to form a single laser.
- the frequency is determined by grating 154 controlled by piezoelectric transducer 158 positioned at one end of waveguide 132.
- Mirrors 166 and 168 are oriented at 45° to the axis of the waveguides to reflect radiation into waveguide 134 from which it exits through output mirrors 162.
- This embodiment of the invention has the virtue that a certain optical length is contained within half the corresponding physical length, a feature that may be important when the volume allowed for the laser is a system constraint.
- the present invention also permits the use of a single power supply instead of two supplies or devices for electrically isolating the two discharges, thereby saving a corresponding amount of expense and complexity in the overall laser system.
- the prior art '319 patent shows, without discussion, an electrode structure in which two cylindrical electrodes (44 and 46) are common to the two longitudinal discharge channels 36 and 38, with no indication of any means for isolating the two discharges. It is well known to those skilled in the art of DC laser gas discharges that when voltage (of the order of tens of kilovolts) is applied to two parallel gaseous discharge paths, one path will have more ionization than the other and will break down sooner. After breakdown, the voltage between the electrodes drops to a level determined by the relative magnitude of the discharge impedance and the power supply impedance. This lower voltage will be insufficient to initiate a discharge in the second channel, so that two discharges cannot be generated with any reasonable reliability.
- a laser constructed according to the principles of the invention has a pair of square waveguides each having a cross sectional area of 2.25 mm squared, a length of 17 cm and operated at a pressure of approximately 70 Torr.
- the relative frequency stability of the twin oscillator device was measured to be approximately 30 KHz over a five second period.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/348,565 US4429398A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Twin waveguide laser |
IL67897A IL67897A0 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-13 | Twin waveguide laser |
DE8383901029T DE3378716D1 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-14 | Twin waveguide laser |
EP83901029A EP0098302B1 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-14 | Twin waveguide laser |
PCT/US1983/000197 WO1983002854A1 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-14 | Twin waveguide laser |
DE1983901029 DE98302T1 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-14 | DOUBLE WAVE GUIDE LASER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/348,565 US4429398A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Twin waveguide laser |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4429398A true US4429398A (en) | 1984-01-31 |
Family
ID=23368566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/348,565 Expired - Lifetime US4429398A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Twin waveguide laser |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4429398A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0098302B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3378716D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1983002854A1 (en) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4521110A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1985-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dual cavity laser gyro |
US4647204A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Compensated dual cavity laser gyro |
US4719640A (en) * | 1985-08-01 | 1988-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Multiple parallel RF excited CO2 lasers |
US4751715A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-06-14 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Clustered waveguide laser |
US4761787A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-08-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transversely excited waveguide laser |
US4813052A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-03-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Dielectric ridge waveguide gas laser apparatus |
US4815094A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-03-21 | California Laboratories, Inc. | Multiply folded laser systems |
US4870654A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-09-26 | California Laboratories, Inc. | Generation of multiply folded optical paths |
US4879721A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1989-11-07 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Phase locked laser array |
US4890294A (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1989-12-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Plasma apparatus |
DE3828952A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-15 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | WAVE GUIDE LASER SYSTEM |
US4932775A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-06-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | FM laser transmitter |
US4991178A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1991-02-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Laser apparatus |
WO1995002838A1 (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-01-26 | Luckoff Display Corporation | Diffractive display utilizing reflective or transmissive light yielding single pixel full color capability |
US5610936A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1997-03-11 | Technology Development Corporation | Extended multiply folded optical paths |
US5661746A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-08-26 | Universal Laser Syatems, Inc. | Free-space gas slab laser |
US5675603A (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1997-10-07 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Of Defence Evaluation And Research Agency | Laser device |
US5867517A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-02-02 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Integrated gas laser RF feed and fill apparatus and method |
US5881087A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-03-09 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Gas laser tube design |
US5901167A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-05-04 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Air cooled gas laser |
US5936993A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1999-08-10 | Deutsche Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Laser system |
DE3614247C2 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1999-09-09 | Chenausky | High frequency transformer |
US8223815B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-07-17 | Dbc Technology Corp. | Multiple discharge CO2 laser with improved repetition rate |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2154788B (en) * | 1984-02-18 | 1987-05-13 | Ferranti Plc | Waveguide laser |
US5020062A (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1991-05-28 | Raytheon Company | Apparatus and method for frequency modulating a waveguide laser |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4103255A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-07-25 | Schlossberg Howard R | High power, compact waveguide gas laser |
US4169251A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1979-09-25 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Waveguide gas laser with high frequency transverse discharge excitation |
US4241319A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1980-12-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dual channel waveguide gas laser |
DE2951564C2 (en) * | 1979-12-21 | 1983-02-10 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Lasers as directional and beam emitters |
US4352188A (en) * | 1980-07-03 | 1982-09-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | rf Pumped waveguide laser with inductive loading for enhancing discharge uniformity |
FR2510316B1 (en) * | 1981-07-21 | 1987-06-12 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | GAS LASER |
-
1982
- 1982-02-12 US US06/348,565 patent/US4429398A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-02-14 DE DE8383901029T patent/DE3378716D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-14 EP EP83901029A patent/EP0098302B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-14 WO PCT/US1983/000197 patent/WO1983002854A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4521110A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1985-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dual cavity laser gyro |
DE3614247C2 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1999-09-09 | Chenausky | High frequency transformer |
US4719640A (en) * | 1985-08-01 | 1988-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Multiple parallel RF excited CO2 lasers |
US4647204A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Compensated dual cavity laser gyro |
US4751715A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-06-14 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Clustered waveguide laser |
US4761787A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-08-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transversely excited waveguide laser |
US4890294A (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1989-12-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Plasma apparatus |
US4815094A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-03-21 | California Laboratories, Inc. | Multiply folded laser systems |
US4870654A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-09-26 | California Laboratories, Inc. | Generation of multiply folded optical paths |
US4991178A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1991-02-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Laser apparatus |
US4813052A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-03-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Dielectric ridge waveguide gas laser apparatus |
DE3828952A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-15 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | WAVE GUIDE LASER SYSTEM |
US4930138A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-05-29 | Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt | Waveguide laser system |
WO1990004865A1 (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-03 | California Laboratories Inc. | The generation of multiply folded optical paths |
US4932775A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-06-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | FM laser transmitter |
US4879721A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1989-11-07 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Phase locked laser array |
US5675603A (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1997-10-07 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Of Defence Evaluation And Research Agency | Laser device |
WO1995002838A1 (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-01-26 | Luckoff Display Corporation | Diffractive display utilizing reflective or transmissive light yielding single pixel full color capability |
US5610936A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1997-03-11 | Technology Development Corporation | Extended multiply folded optical paths |
US5661746A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-08-26 | Universal Laser Syatems, Inc. | Free-space gas slab laser |
US5754575A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-05-19 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Free-space gas slab laser |
US5894493A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1999-04-13 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Free-space gas slab laser |
US5982803A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1999-11-09 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Free-space gas slab laser |
US5936993A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1999-08-10 | Deutsche Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Laser system |
US5867517A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-02-02 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Integrated gas laser RF feed and fill apparatus and method |
US5881087A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-03-09 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Gas laser tube design |
US5901167A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-05-04 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Air cooled gas laser |
US8223815B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-07-17 | Dbc Technology Corp. | Multiple discharge CO2 laser with improved repetition rate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0098302A1 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
WO1983002854A1 (en) | 1983-08-18 |
EP0098302A4 (en) | 1986-03-18 |
DE3378716D1 (en) | 1989-01-19 |
EP0098302B1 (en) | 1988-12-14 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, HARTFORD, CT A CO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHENAUSKY, PETER P.;MONGEON, ROBERT J.;DRINKWATER, ERROLL H.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:003977/0364;SIGNING DATES FROM 19820208 TO 19820209 |
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