US4303900A - Wide band waveguide with double polarization and ultra-high frequency circuit incorporating such a waveguide - Google Patents

Wide band waveguide with double polarization and ultra-high frequency circuit incorporating such a waveguide Download PDF

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Publication number
US4303900A
US4303900A US06/139,123 US13912380A US4303900A US 4303900 A US4303900 A US 4303900A US 13912380 A US13912380 A US 13912380A US 4303900 A US4303900 A US 4303900A
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waveguide
symmetry
section
center
order
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US06/139,123
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English (en)
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Jacky Tourneur
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/06—Coaxial lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wide band ultrahigh frequency waveguides permitting the transmission under identical conditions of cut-off frequency and impedance of two orthogonal electromagnetic polarization waves or electric field direction.
  • the pass band is defined by the ratio: ##EQU1## in which ⁇ c2 and ⁇ c1 are cut-off wavelengths of the fundamental mode and the first mode of a higher order.
  • the constraint of the double polarization makes it necessary for the cross-section of the guide to accept the longitudinal axis of the waveguide as the axis of symmetry of the order 4n in which n is the random integer ⁇ 1, a symmetry of order 4n with respect to said longitudinal axis being a symmetry such that a rotation about said same axis of the waveguide cross-section by an angle of 2 ⁇ /4n does not change the properties of the waveguides, the polarization of the waveguide being unchanged overall.
  • a given mode is only transmitted if the conditions necessary for this excitation exist, the TE 20 mode, an asymmetric mode, not appearing in a waveguide in which conditions of radio transmission symmetry conditions are maintained, even when they are beyond the cut-off frequency of the TE 20 mode.
  • a bend in the guide able to create an asymmetry leads to the appearance of the TE 20 mode.
  • a guide can only be used outside its pass band under very special conditions of mechanical and/or radio symmetry.
  • Another solution consisting of introducing square ridges into the dihedral angles formed by the sides of a square waveguide made it possible to obtain a 38% pass band.
  • This type of waveguide can be used on a band octave with only one TE 20 intefering mode, designated as the TE 201 mode obtained when the degeneracy between the TE 20 mode and the TE 02 mode of a square guide is removed by adding ridges.
  • TE 201 mode obtained when the degeneracy between the TE 20 mode and the TE 02 mode of a square guide is removed by adding ridges.
  • Another solution consists of adding a central conductive core to rectangular waveguides. Such a solution was more particularly described in an article by L. GRUNER entitled “Higher order modes in rectangular waveguides” and published in the Journal IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (Correspondence), Volume MTT 15, pp. 483 to 485, August 1967.
  • the present invention makes it possible to obviate the disadvantages referred to hereinbefore and to obtain pass bands higher than 60%.
  • Another object of the present invention is the realization of a wide band waveguide with double polarization in which the band width is directly related to the geometrical parameters of the waveguide.
  • the wide band waveguide with double polarization comprises a polygonal waveguide which has, with respect to a centre of symmetry C, a symmetry of order 4n in which n is a random integer.
  • the wide band waveguide has within the polygonal waveguide on the one hand a plurality of conductive ridges, whose cross-section determines with the polygonal cross-section a transmission section of the waveguide.
  • Each of the ridges is placed on the inner face of the sides of the waveguide in accordance with a symmetry of order 4 with respect to said same centre of symmetry.
  • the longitudinal plane of symmetry of each of the ridges is oriented, in the waveguide transmission section, in the direction of the bisectors of the main axes of the waveguide.
  • the wide band waveguide also has a central conductive core, whose cross-section has, compared with the same centre of symmetry, the same symmetry of order 4n.
  • the waveguide according to the invention can be used in any connection system or ultra-high frequency circuits used in the transmission of signals with a wide frequency band.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wide band waveguide with double polarization according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b respectively show the variations in the cut-off frequencies on the one hand for a waveguide with diagonal ridges only and on the other hand for a waveguide with a conductive central core only.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show the variation in the cut-off frequency of the waveguide in accordance with the embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 1, as a function of the geometrical parameters of the embodiment in question.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show a front view of a section along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in accordance with two constructional variants.
  • the wide band double polarization wave guide according to the invention comprises a polygonal waveguide 1 which has, compared with a central of symmetry C, a symmetry of order 4n in which n is a random integer.
  • the waveguide according to the invention has within the polygonal waveguide a plurality of conductive ridges 2, whereof the section determines with the polygonal cross-section a propagation section of the waveguide.
  • Each of the ridges is placed on the inner face of the sides of the waveguide in accordance with a symmetry of order 4 compared with the centre of symmetry C.
  • each of the ridges is oriented, in the waveguide transmission section, in the direction of the bisectors of the principle axes of the waveguide.
  • the principle axes of the waveguide are indicated by the axes X'X and Y'Y, their orientation corresponding respectively to the direction of the electric fields of transmission modes TE 10 and TE 01 for the waveguide in question.
  • the longitudinal plane of symmetry of each ridge is not shown so as not to overburden the drawing.
  • the waveguide according to the invention has on the one hand within the polygonal waveguide a central conductive core 3 and relative to the centre of symmetry C its section has the same symmetry of order 4n, whilst the sections of the conductive central core and of the polygonal waveguide are homothetic with respect to the centre of symmetry C.
  • the polygonal waveguide has a square cross-section of side 2a which, compared with the centre of symmetry C has a symmetry of order 4.
  • the waveguide has a conductive ridge 2 with a square section of side W.
  • the four ridges arranged in the section of the waveguide at the end of the diagonals of said section determine with the square section of the waveguide a transmission section of the latter having a symmetry of order 4 compared with the same centre of symmetry C.
  • the polygonal waveguide also has a central conductive core 3, whose square section of side 2k has the same symmetry of order 4 compared with the same centre of symmetry C.
  • FIG. 2a has a coordinate system, whose ordinates are graduated in standardized cut-off frequency for the ratio of the guide dimensions according to FIG. 1 to the cut-off wavelength of the same guide, the standardized cut-off frequency being designated 2a/ ⁇ c and whose abscissas are graduated by the relationship of the side dimensions of ridge W to the same dimension 2a of the waveguide.
  • FIG. 2a shows variations in the cut-off frequencies of the higher order transmission modes, such as modes TE 11 , TM 11 , TE 201 and TE 10 . In the same way, FIG.
  • FIG. 2b shows on a coordinate system on the ordinates the standardized cut-off frequencies of the waveguide, the ordinate axis being graduated in values of the ratio 2a/ ⁇ c in which 2a represents the side dimension of the square section of the waveguide according to FIG. 1 and ⁇ c the corresponding cut-off wavelength as a function of the ratio of the dimension of the central conductive core of the square section of side 2k related to the same dimension of the square wave guide and side 2a.
  • FIG. 2b shows the different standardized cut-off frequencies for the higher order modes such as TM 11 , TE 201 , TE 11 and TE 10 .
  • FIG. 2a and 2b respectively show that in the case of the square wave guide only having ridges within each dihedral angle formed by two consecutive sides of the square section the TM 11 mode limits the pass band whilst the ratio W/2a remains below 0.22, the TE 201 mode substantially becoming the first interfering mode for values above this ratio.
  • FIG. 2b shows that in the case of the square guide having a central core, which also has a square section, the only higher order mode limited to the pass band is the TE 11 mode, whose cut-off frequency is only slightly dependent on the ratio k/a.
  • the simultaneous use of the transmission characteristics of the guide only having ridges such as shown in FIG. 2a and the transmission characteristics of the square guide having a square central conductive core as shown in FIG.
  • the pass band of this guide is a function of the ratios W/a and k/a, the geometrical parameters of the guide according to the invention. For a given value k/a there is an optimum ratio W/a for which the pass band is maximum.
  • the value of the pass band BW obtained by realizing the waveguide according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 is given in the following table, as a function of the values of ratios k/a and W/a.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show the variations in the standardized cut-off frequencies a/ ⁇ c, the ratio of the half-dimensions of the square wave guide to the cut-off wavelength of the guide, as a function of the ratio W/a, dimension of the side of the section of the square ridge related to the same half-dimension of the section of the waveguide.
  • the waveguide according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a higher pass band than that of the guides hitherto used for solving identical problems.
  • the pass band of the guide according to the invention a function of the ratios k/a and W/a, reaches a value of 66% when these ratios have as their respective values 0.5 and 0.26.
  • the waveguide according to the invention also has a plurality of dielectric spacers 4 making it possible to keep the central conductive core in position.
  • the waveguide according to the invention has within the guide a dielectric material foam 5 making it possible to keep the central conductive core in position.
  • any constructional variant of a system for holding the central conductive core in position can be used without passing beyond the scope of the invention.
  • value of the ratios W/a and k/a the problem of seeking the cut-off frequencies of the waveguide modes can be summarized by the solving of the two-dimensioned HELMHOLTZ equation in the cross-section of the guide. Two preferred methods can be used.
  • a first method permits a polynomial calculation of the field.
  • a second method the method using finite elements, makes it possible to obtain more precise calculations by a longer and more costly process.
  • a double polarization, wide band waveguide has been described which can in particular be used in any ultra-high frequency circuit and particularly in wide band ultra-high frequency connecting circuits.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
US06/139,123 1979-04-13 1980-04-10 Wide band waveguide with double polarization and ultra-high frequency circuit incorporating such a waveguide Expired - Lifetime US4303900A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7909493A FR2454188A1 (fr) 1979-04-13 1979-04-13 Guide d'onde a large bande a double polarisation et circuit hyperfrequence comportant un tel guide d'onde
FR7909493 1979-04-13

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EP (1) EP0018261B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3066913D1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2454188A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523160A (en) * 1983-05-02 1985-06-11 George Ploussios Waveguide polarizer having conductive and dielectric loading slabs to alter polarization of waves
US4904966A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-02-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Suspended substrate elliptic rat-race coupler
US20050057429A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-17 Andrew Corporation Multiband/multichannel wireless feeder approach
US20080023633A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-31 William Marsh Rice University Method and system for transmitting terahertz pulses
US20080309577A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2008-12-18 Mittleman Daniel M Method for Coupling Terahertz Pulses Into a Coaxial Waveguide

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1013338B (de) 1952-12-27 1957-08-08 Pintsch Electro Gmbh Innenleiter, insbesondere fuer UKW-Leitungen, mit vergroesserter elektrischer Laenge
US3002163A (en) * 1960-01-08 1961-09-26 Polytechnic Inst Brooklyn Mode coupler for circular waveguides
US3150333A (en) * 1960-02-01 1964-09-22 Airtron Division Of Litton Pre Coupling orthogonal polarizations in a common square waveguide with modes in individual waveguides
US3569870A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-03-09 Rca Corp Feed system
US3758882A (en) * 1970-11-11 1973-09-11 Licentia Gmbh Polarization converter for microwaves
FR2116441B1 (fr) 1970-12-03 1974-08-19 Licentia Gmbh
FR2294554A1 (fr) 1974-12-10 1976-07-09 Thomson Csf Ligne coaxiale de section rectangulaire, application aux oscillateurs a mode anormal

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035598A (en) * 1974-10-22 1977-07-12 Johannes Menschner Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg. Apparatus for thermally treating polymeric workpieces with microwave energy

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1013338B (de) 1952-12-27 1957-08-08 Pintsch Electro Gmbh Innenleiter, insbesondere fuer UKW-Leitungen, mit vergroesserter elektrischer Laenge
US3002163A (en) * 1960-01-08 1961-09-26 Polytechnic Inst Brooklyn Mode coupler for circular waveguides
US3150333A (en) * 1960-02-01 1964-09-22 Airtron Division Of Litton Pre Coupling orthogonal polarizations in a common square waveguide with modes in individual waveguides
US3569870A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-03-09 Rca Corp Feed system
US3758882A (en) * 1970-11-11 1973-09-11 Licentia Gmbh Polarization converter for microwaves
FR2116441B1 (fr) 1970-12-03 1974-08-19 Licentia Gmbh
FR2294554A1 (fr) 1974-12-10 1976-07-09 Thomson Csf Ligne coaxiale de section rectangulaire, application aux oscillateurs a mode anormal

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Mar. 1976, pp. 220-223. *
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT 15, Aug. 1967, pp. 483-485. *
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT 22, Aug. 1974, pp. 801-804. *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523160A (en) * 1983-05-02 1985-06-11 George Ploussios Waveguide polarizer having conductive and dielectric loading slabs to alter polarization of waves
US4904966A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-02-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Suspended substrate elliptic rat-race coupler
US20050057429A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-17 Andrew Corporation Multiband/multichannel wireless feeder approach
US7061445B2 (en) 2003-08-26 2006-06-13 Andrew Corporation Multiband/multichannel wireless feeder approach
US20080309577A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2008-12-18 Mittleman Daniel M Method for Coupling Terahertz Pulses Into a Coaxial Waveguide
US9178282B2 (en) 2004-07-14 2015-11-03 William Marsh Rice University Method for coupling terahertz pulses into a coaxial waveguide
US20080023633A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-31 William Marsh Rice University Method and system for transmitting terahertz pulses
US7531803B2 (en) * 2006-07-14 2009-05-12 William Marsh Rice University Method and system for transmitting terahertz pulses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2454188A1 (fr) 1980-11-07
EP0018261A1 (fr) 1980-10-29
DE3066913D1 (en) 1984-04-19
FR2454188B1 (fr) 1983-03-11
EP0018261B1 (fr) 1984-03-14

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