US4155942A - Process for the production of organoalkali metals - Google Patents
Process for the production of organoalkali metals Download PDFInfo
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- US4155942A US4155942A US05/859,844 US85984477A US4155942A US 4155942 A US4155942 A US 4155942A US 85984477 A US85984477 A US 85984477A US 4155942 A US4155942 A US 4155942A
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- reaction
- oxygen
- organoalkali
- hydrocarbon
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006478 transmetalation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ONQCKWIDZTZEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;pentane Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC[CH2-] ONQCKWIDZTZEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KSMWLICLECSXMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;benzene Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 KSMWLICLECSXMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KCMZYCFSSYXEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC[K] Chemical compound CCCC[K] KCMZYCFSSYXEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRDQNLLVRXMERV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC[Na] Chemical compound CCCC[Na] IRDQNLLVRXMERV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRAPFUAOCHNONS-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;phenylmethylbenzene Chemical compound [K+].C=1C=CC=CC=1[CH-]C1=CC=CC=C1 IRAPFUAOCHNONS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- OWMHBKYAOYHOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Na+].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 OWMHBKYAOYHOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the production by transmetalation of organoalkali metals.
- Organoalkali metal compounds are well known for their excellent performance as catalysts for the polymerization of olefins and diolefins and as intermediate for the synthesis of various organometallic compounds.
- M is an alkali metal and R and R' are the respective hydrocarbon residues.
- the above reaction is analogous to an acid-base reaction wherein a salt of a weak acid R.sup. ⁇ M.sup. ⁇ is reacted with a strong acid R'H to form a salt of a strong acid and a weak acid, respectively.
- This reaction is utilized for the determination of the order of acidity of hydrocarbon compounds, reference here being made to the review of Avery A. Morton appearing on the Chemical Reviews, 35 (1944), from which it is known that the greater is the disparity in acidity between R'H and RH, the easier is the transmetalation.
- the process according to the invention comprises transmetalation between organoalkali metal compounds represented by the general formula:
- R is a hydrocarbon residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of RH exceeding 21, and M is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; and hydrocarbon compounds represented by the general formula:
- R' is an organic residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of R'H exceeding 21 but lower than the pKa value of RH, characterized by the addition of oxygen in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mol % based on the organoalkali metal compounds, whereby organoalkali metals of the general formula R'M is produced.
- the organoalkali metal compounds employed in accordance with the invention are represented by the general formula RM where M is an alkali metal selected from the group of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and R is a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as for example an alkyl group, an aryl group and an alkaryl group and having a pKa value of RH (which is a compound having hydrogen attached to the hydrocarbon residue) exceeding 21.
- pKa here is obtained from the equation:
- organoalkali metal compounds are readily available from the reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons with alkali metal compounds, typical examples of such reaction products being butylsodium, amylsodium, phenylsodium, butyllithium, butylpotassium, and diphenylmethylpotassium.
- the hydrocarbon compounds according to the invention are represented by the general formula R'H where R' is a hydrocarbon residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 such as an alkyl group, an aryl group and an alkaryl group, and a pKa value of R'H exceeding 21.
- Typical examples of such hydrocarbon compounds include toluene, xylenes, cumene, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, fluorene and indene.
- the pKa value of the compound RH should be greater than that of the compound R'H.
- Reaction temperature varies with the difference in acidity between RH and R'H. With increased acidity difference, the reaction can progress fast enough even at room temperature. Conversely, with reduced acidity difference, the reaction temperature must be raised. This temperature usually is in the range of 0° to 150° C., preferably 20° to 100° C.
- inert solvents there may be used inert solvents in the process of the invention, but no such solvents are required where the starting R'H compounds are liquid at reaction temperature.
- inert solvents such as hydrocarbon solvents
- the pKa value of the solvent should be greater than that of RH constituted by the hydrocarbon residues of the organoalkali metals.
- the starting hydrocarbons and the solvents should be preferably well dried with use of silica alumina or other desiccants usually used for hydrocarbons.
- the transmetalation reaction can be effected at increased rate of speed with high yields of the intended organoalkali metals by the addition of oxygen.
- This oxygen may be absolutely pure, but for the sake of operating safety, it should be preferably in the form of air or a gaseous mixture of pure oxygen and pure nitrogen.
- the oxygen thus defined may be dissolved in the hydrocarbon or solvent to be assigned to the reaction system. It has been found that only small amounts of oxygen are required to advance the desired transmetalation reaction to completion. Excess oxygen would result in decomposed organoalkali metals or other objectionable side reactions and would further involve the danger of explosion.
- the amount of oxygen to be used in the transmetalation process of the invention should be from 0.01 to 10 mol %, preferably from 0.5 to 5 mol %, based on the starting organoalkali metal compounds.
- the pressure to be employed in the process of the invention may be from 0 to 100 atmospheric pressure, standard pressure or vapor pressure developed in the reaction systems at reaction temperature.
- Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was followed, in which amylsodium was prepared from a sodium dispersion (ethylbenzene dispersant) and amylchloride. In this reaction mixture were present 0.1 mol amylsodium and about 23 mols ethylbenzene. A gas containing air and nitrogen at a ratio of 1:1 was introduced into the reaction mixture while the latter was stirred at room temperature, the amount of oxygen being held at 0.001 mol. Reaction was continued at 90° C. for 3 hours, until there was obtained 68% yield of the following product: ##STR1## This yield was only 21% where no oxygen was used.
- amylsodium 0.1 mol amylsodium was prepared from the reaction of a sodium dispersion (n-octane dispersant) and amylchloride. To the resulting amylsodium was added 1 mol diphenylmethane. While the admixture was stirred, there was introduced at room temperature such amounts of air which correspond to 0.0005 mol oxygen. Reaction was continued at 40° C. for 30 minutes, until there was obtained 95% of the following product: ##STR2## This yield was 78% in a similar reaction at 60° C. and for a period of 30 minutes but without the use of oxygen.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
A process of transmetalating organoalkali metals is disclosed, wherein organoalkali metal compounds are reacted with hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of predetermined amounts of oxygen.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the production by transmetalation of organoalkali metals.
2. Prior Art
Organoalkali metal compounds are well known for their excellent performance as catalysts for the polymerization of olefins and diolefins and as intermediate for the synthesis of various organometallic compounds.
The principles of transmetalation contemplated hereunder may be represented by the formula:
R.sup.⊕ M.sup.⊖ + R'H⃡R'.sup.⊕ M.sup.⊖ + RH
where M is an alkali metal and R and R' are the respective hydrocarbon residues.
The above reaction is analogous to an acid-base reaction wherein a salt of a weak acid R.sup.⊕ M.sup.⊖ is reacted with a strong acid R'H to form a salt of a strong acid and a weak acid, respectively. This reaction is utilized for the determination of the order of acidity of hydrocarbon compounds, reference here being made to the review of Avery A. Morton appearing on the Chemical Reviews, 35 (1944), from which it is known that the greater is the disparity in acidity between R'H and RH, the easier is the transmetalation.
However, considerable difficulties have been encountered with transmetalation where the difference in acidity between R'H and RH is relatively small, in which instance extremely severe reaction conditions are required.
Whereas, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the production of organoalkali metals at increased yield.
It is another related object of the invention to provide an improved process which will enhance transmetalation under relatively mild reaction conditions even where the disparity in acidity between R'H and RH is small.
It has been ascertained in the course of continued research on the reaction of transmetalation that oxygen has a striking effect on the speed of such reaction as hereinafter more fully described.
Briefly stated, the process according to the invention comprises transmetalation between organoalkali metal compounds represented by the general formula:
RM
where R is a hydrocarbon residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of RH exceeding 21, and M is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; and hydrocarbon compounds represented by the general formula:
R'H
where R' is an organic residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of R'H exceeding 21 but lower than the pKa value of RH, characterized by the addition of oxygen in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mol % based on the organoalkali metal compounds, whereby organoalkali metals of the general formula R'M is produced.
The invention will be described in fuller detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The organoalkali metal compounds employed in accordance with the invention are represented by the general formula RM where M is an alkali metal selected from the group of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and R is a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as for example an alkyl group, an aryl group and an alkaryl group and having a pKa value of RH (which is a compound having hydrogen attached to the hydrocarbon residue) exceeding 21. pKa here is obtained from the equation:
pKa = -log[R⊕] × [H⊖]/[RH]
in the dissociation of RH ⃡ R⊕ + H⊖.
The above-defined organoalkali metal compounds are readily available from the reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons with alkali metal compounds, typical examples of such reaction products being butylsodium, amylsodium, phenylsodium, butyllithium, butylpotassium, and diphenylmethylpotassium.
The hydrocarbon compounds according to the invention are represented by the general formula R'H where R' is a hydrocarbon residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 such as an alkyl group, an aryl group and an alkaryl group, and a pKa value of R'H exceeding 21. Typical examples of such hydrocarbon compounds include toluene, xylenes, cumene, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, fluorene and indene.
Needless to say, for the reaction to proceed as desired, the pKa value of the compound RH should be greater than that of the compound R'H.
Reaction temperature varies with the difference in acidity between RH and R'H. With increased acidity difference, the reaction can progress fast enough even at room temperature. Conversely, with reduced acidity difference, the reaction temperature must be raised. This temperature usually is in the range of 0° to 150° C., preferably 20° to 100° C.
There may be used inert solvents in the process of the invention, but no such solvents are required where the starting R'H compounds are liquid at reaction temperature. When inert solvents such as hydrocarbon solvents are to be used, the pKa value of the solvent should be greater than that of RH constituted by the hydrocarbon residues of the organoalkali metals. The starting hydrocarbons and the solvents should be preferably well dried with use of silica alumina or other desiccants usually used for hydrocarbons.
As previously stated, the transmetalation reaction can be effected at increased rate of speed with high yields of the intended organoalkali metals by the addition of oxygen. This oxygen may be absolutely pure, but for the sake of operating safety, it should be preferably in the form of air or a gaseous mixture of pure oxygen and pure nitrogen. The oxygen thus defined may be dissolved in the hydrocarbon or solvent to be assigned to the reaction system. It has been found that only small amounts of oxygen are required to advance the desired transmetalation reaction to completion. Excess oxygen would result in decomposed organoalkali metals or other objectionable side reactions and would further involve the danger of explosion.
It has now been found that the amount of oxygen to be used in the transmetalation process of the invention should be from 0.01 to 10 mol %, preferably from 0.5 to 5 mol %, based on the starting organoalkali metal compounds.
There is no particular limitation imposed on the pressure to be employed in the process of the invention. It may be from 0 to 100 atmospheric pressure, standard pressure or vapor pressure developed in the reaction systems at reaction temperature.
The invention will be further illustrated by way of the following examples.
To nitrogen-purged and dried 500 c.c. autoclave were charged 269 c.c. of dry benzene containing 0.182 mol of phenylsodium, followed by the addition of 0.265 mol toluene and oxygen in the specific amounts listed in the following table. The reaction was effected at 80° C., and there was obtained benzylsodium. In order to examine the reaction speed in each of the Examples, samples were taken 10 minutes after raising the temperature and analyzed to reveal the results tabulated below.
______________________________________
Amount of Air
Yield of
(O.sub.2 in mol % based
Benzylsodium
on Phenylsodium)
(%)
______________________________________
Comparative
Example 1 0 13
Inventive
Example 1 0.2 25
Inventive
Example 2 0.4 34
Inventive
Example 3 0.8 42
______________________________________
The above data is a clear evidence of the distinct advantages of the present invention that remarkably high yields of benzylsodium are obtainable by transmetalation with the supply of predetermined amounts of oxygen.
To a 500 c.c. autoclave were charged, under nitrogen stream, 105 c.c. sodium dispersion containing 0.4 mol sodium and benzene (dispersant), 0.918 mol toluene and 172 c.c. benzene. With reaction temperature maintained at 25° to 30° C., 0.178 mol monochlorobenzene was added in droplets over about an hour, and for approximately 15 minutes thereafter, the reaction temperature was set at 30° C., followed by the charge into the autoclave of a gas containing pure oxygen and pure nitrogen at a ratio of 1:9. The amount of oxygen added corresponded to 1 mol % of phenylsodium. The temperature was increased up to 70° C. with a lapse of about 3 minutes. The yield of benzylsodium determined 10 minutes after the temperature was raised, was 76%. Whereas, benzylsodium yields were only 32% in a similar reaction but without any oxygen.
The procedure of Example 4 was followed, in which amylsodium was prepared from a sodium dispersion (ethylbenzene dispersant) and amylchloride. In this reaction mixture were present 0.1 mol amylsodium and about 23 mols ethylbenzene. A gas containing air and nitrogen at a ratio of 1:1 was introduced into the reaction mixture while the latter was stirred at room temperature, the amount of oxygen being held at 0.001 mol. Reaction was continued at 90° C. for 3 hours, until there was obtained 68% yield of the following product: ##STR1## This yield was only 21% where no oxygen was used.
0.1 mol amylsodium was prepared from the reaction of a sodium dispersion (n-octane dispersant) and amylchloride. To the resulting amylsodium was added 1 mol diphenylmethane. While the admixture was stirred, there was introduced at room temperature such amounts of air which correspond to 0.0005 mol oxygen. Reaction was continued at 40° C. for 30 minutes, until there was obtained 95% of the following product: ##STR2## This yield was 78% in a similar reaction at 60° C. and for a period of 30 minutes but without the use of oxygen.
Claims (3)
1. A transmetalation process which comprises reacting an organoalkali metal compound represented by the general formula:
RM
where R is a hydrocarbon residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of RH exceeding 21, and M is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; with an hydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula:
R'H
where R' is an organic residue having a carbon number of 1 to 20 and a pKa value of R'H exceeding 21 but lower than the pKa value of RH and adding 0.01-10 moles % based on said organoalkali metal compound of oxygen whereby an organoalkali metal of the general formula R'M is produced.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said organometal compounds are selected from the group consisting of butylsodium, amylsodium, phenylsodium, butyllithium, butylpotassium and diphenylmethylpotassium.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon compounds are selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylenes, cumene, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, fluorene and indene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51-150340 | 1976-12-16 | ||
| JP15034076A JPS5377019A (en) | 1976-12-16 | 1976-12-16 | Preparation of organo-alkali metal compound |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4155942A true US4155942A (en) | 1979-05-22 |
Family
ID=15494849
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/859,844 Expired - Lifetime US4155942A (en) | 1976-12-16 | 1977-12-12 | Process for the production of organoalkali metals |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4155942A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5377019A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756905A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6024897A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2000-02-15 | K.sup.• I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for the preparation of benzyl-metal compounds and process for the preparation of 4-phenyl-1-butenes by the use of the same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2377779A (en) * | 1942-02-18 | 1945-06-05 | Du Pont | Process for polymerizing ethylene |
| US3090819A (en) * | 1959-02-24 | 1963-05-21 | Ethyl Corp | Transmetalation process |
| US3278617A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1966-10-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Preparation of dilithium dihydroanthracene initiators |
-
1976
- 1976-12-16 JP JP15034076A patent/JPS5377019A/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-12-12 US US05/859,844 patent/US4155942A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-12-16 DE DE19772756905 patent/DE2756905A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2377779A (en) * | 1942-02-18 | 1945-06-05 | Du Pont | Process for polymerizing ethylene |
| US3090819A (en) * | 1959-02-24 | 1963-05-21 | Ethyl Corp | Transmetalation process |
| US3278617A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1966-10-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Preparation of dilithium dihydroanthracene initiators |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Benkeser et al., Chem. Revs., V57, pp. 867 and 870 to 876, (1957). * |
| Gilman et al., Organic Reactions V8, pp. 284-287, (1954). * |
| Mallan et al., Chem. Revs. V69, pp. 693, 694, and 698-702, (1969). * |
| Wakefield, The Chemistry of Organolithium Compounds, Pergamon Press, N.Y., pp. 26 to 28 & 66 & 67, (1974). * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6024897A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2000-02-15 | K.sup.• I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for the preparation of benzyl-metal compounds and process for the preparation of 4-phenyl-1-butenes by the use of the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5377019A (en) | 1978-07-08 |
| JPS6110475B2 (en) | 1986-03-29 |
| DE2756905A1 (en) | 1978-07-06 |
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