US4101587A - Method for the manufacture of organo substituted phosphonium salts - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of organo substituted phosphonium salts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4101587A US4101587A US05/640,380 US64038075A US4101587A US 4101587 A US4101587 A US 4101587A US 64038075 A US64038075 A US 64038075A US 4101587 A US4101587 A US 4101587A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phosphide
- phosphorus
- moles
- per gram
- gram atom
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 title description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006011 Zinc phosphide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HOKBIQDJCNTWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidenezinc;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Zn]=P.[Zn]=P HOKBIQDJCNTWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PGYDGBCATBINCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-diethoxyphosphoryl-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 PGYDGBCATBINCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006009 Calcium phosphide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005953 Magnesium phosphide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FFBGYFUYJVKRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynephosphane Chemical compound P#B FFBGYFUYJVKRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical group CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- DTUQWGWMVIHBKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetaldehyde Chemical group O=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DTUQWGWMVIHBKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical group CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical group CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940100595 phenylacetaldehyde Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 aromatic radical Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006418 Brown reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=O KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [Co+2].[I-].[I-] AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Ir](Br)Br HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dicyanide Chemical compound [Ni+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ni]I BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZYSITXOEIXSOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C[P+](CC(O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYSITXOEIXSOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DQJREZLQSAXHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].OCC[P+](CCO)(CCO)CCO DQJREZLQSAXHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MMTPNKFEGPOIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(4-hydroxybutyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].OCCCC[P+](CCCCO)(CCCCO)CCCCO MMTPNKFEGPOIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IFKCRTKAABCGGA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(7-hydroxyheptyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].OCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCCCO)(CCCCCCCO)CCCCCCCO IFKCRTKAABCGGA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IOIHFHNPXJFODN-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO IOIHFHNPXJFODN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/50—Phosphorus bound to carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5407—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. More particularly the present invention is directed to a new method for the preparation of such compounds which avoids the difficulties of prior art processes such as the necessity for employing highly toxic and difficult to handle reactants, such as phosphine, as starting materials.
- phosphine PH 3
- Phosphine is a gas which ignites spontaneously when mixed with air, so that rigid safety precautions are necessary in employing phosphine in an industrial organic preparation.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. More particularly the present invention is directed to a new method for the preparation of phosphonium salts which avoids the difficulties of prior art processes such as the necessity for employing highly toxic reactants, for example phosphine as the starting material.
- substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. More particularly the present invention is directed to a new method for the preparation of phosphonium salts which avoids the difficulties of prior art processes such as the necessity for employing highly toxic reactants, for example phosphine as the starting material.
- the process yields the compound P[CH(OH)R] 4 X in which the R is H or an alkyl, alkylaryl or aromatic radical of from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, by reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles, or preferably from 4 to 10 moles of an aldehyde having the formula RCHO, per gram atom of phosphorus, and at least 1, or preferably from 1 to 10 moles of a mineral acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus of the said phosphide.
- a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium pho
- the reaction is conducted at a temperature of from -10° C to 100° C, or preferably 0° C to 50° C, and still more preferably 0° C to 25° C, in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of phosphorus of the said metal phosphide.
- a preferred range of the water proportion is from 1.5 to 30 moles, and a more preferred range is from 1.5 to 10 moles.
- substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride may be readily prepared utilizing a metal phosphide of the aforesaid group.
- a preferred group is magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, and zinc phosphide as the starting material to provide a reactive source of phosphorus.
- the phosphides employed in the present invention are stable and safe materials, easy to work with, and readily available on the commercial market, or prepared from the corresponding metal e.g. aluminum or zinc reacted with elemental phosphorus, with the metal phosphide being provided in particulate form, e.g. particles of 0.01 to 10 mm diameter.
- the aforesaid metal phosphides are also surprisingly active.
- the present invention making use of metallic phosphides as the phosphorus source, avoids the necessity for the use of phosphine.
- the metal phosphide undergoes reaction at the surface thereof to form the desired products, so that the evolution of phosphine is avoided.
- the mechanism of the present reaction apparently proceeds without the formation of phosphine.
- the reaction may thus be conducted with simple low-pressure equipment. Gaseous phosphine, which is well-known to ignite spontaneously when it is mixed with air, is not evolved from the reaction mixture.
- Organic reactants which are employed in the present invention for the preparation of phosphonium salts are aldehydes having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Preferred aldehydes are the alkyl and alkylaryl compounds of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and also having substituents such as --CN, --Br and --Cl groups optionally present.
- the general formula for the aldehyde starting material is RCHO, where R is an alkyl, alkylaryl, or aromatic group of 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- organic starting materials for the present process include phenylacetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and decanal.
- Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde may also be employed. The products obtained when using aromatic aldehydes as starting material undergo rearrangement.
- the aldehydes are employed in the proportion of at least 4 or preferably 4 to 10 moles per gram atom of the phosphorus of the metal phosphide. However, an excess of the aldehyde may be employed as a solvent, for example, 20 moles of acetaldehyde per gram atom of phosphorus.
- the products of the reaction are separated by conventional means such as filtration from the inorganic residue, or by solvent extraction.
- An advantage of the present process is that insoluble hydroxides of certain metals are formed; substantially the only soluble organic product is a good yield of the phosphonium salt.
- the present reaction for the production of organo-substituted phosphonium salts with the aforesaid ratios of reactants avoids the formation of unstable compounds such as tetra(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium hydroxide which would decompose to phosphine oxides.
- acids which may be employed to produce the present phosphonium salts include the mineral acids, generally, for example, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydriodic acid as well as hydrobromic acid.
- the proportion of acid is at least 1 mole of acid, and preferably from 1 to 10 moles per gram atom of phosphorus of the metal phosphide. It is desirable to have at least one mole of acid present to form the organo phosphonium salts, which are soluble, and easy to separate.
- a catalyst is optional in the present process.
- the compounds of Group VIII metals e.g. iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum employed as salts, and complexes, e.g. chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, phosphates or nitrates, for example iron chloride, cobalt bromide, nickel cyanide, as well as sodium chloroplatinate accelerate the reaction but are not essential.
- the proportion of catalyst is not critical, and may vary broadly, such as from 0.01 to 1% by weight of the reaction mixture.
- the pressure imposed on the system is not a critical factor and may vary from vacuum conditions to atmospheric and superatmospheric pressures, e.g. 10 atmospheres. Because of the oxygen sensitivity of the reaction it is essential to use an inert gas atmosphere or stream such as hydrogen, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide in the reactor to prevent oxidation.
- an inert gas atmosphere or stream such as hydrogen, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide in the reactor to prevent oxidation.
- a solvent is also optional in conducting the reaction in order to provide better mixing of the organic component with the particulate metal phosphide.
- solvents which are inert include acetonitrile, benzonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and other water soluble organic solvents. Proportions of the solvent are not critical, e.g. from 1 to 10 moles per mole of the aldehyde starting material. If desired an excess of the aldehyde reactant may also be used as a solvent.
- organo substituted phosphonium salts based upon the use of formaldehyde is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide.
- the reactor is initially charged with 170 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.7 moles HCl and 5.95 moles H 2 O), 171 grams of 37.1% formaldehyde (2.1 moles formaldehyde and 6 moles water) and as a catalyst 0.5 grams sodium chloroplatinate.
- the reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere.
- the vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, during the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (29 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. It is apparent that the reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
- the dark brown reaction solution is evaporated over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum.
- the product is extracted with 2-propanol.
- the reaction also leads to the same product when no catalyst is employed.
- the phosphonium salts of the present invention are all useful as fire retardant additives, for example with cotton.
- an add-on of 5-10%, for instance 10%, by weight relative to the cotton is applied from an aqueous solution, e.g. the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride.
- This treatment improves the fire-retardancy of the cotton.
- the treated cotton is subjected to ammonia(or an amine such as methylamine), and water washing treatments.
- the preparation of tetrakis(hydroxyethyl)phosphonium iodide based upon the use of acetaldehyde is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for sodium phosphide.
- the reactor is initially charged with 4 moles of concentrated hydriodic acid, 4 moles acetaldehyde and 6 moles water, and as a catalyst 0.5 grams nickel iodide.
- the reactor is also supplied with an inert gas stream of nitrogen to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere.
- the vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C during the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) sodium phosphide over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature, and the product separated from the reaction mixture.
- the reactor is also supplied with an argon stream to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere.
- the vessel is maintained at a temperature below 45° C, with the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) zinc phosphide over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature, and the bromide salt product separated from the reaction mixture.
- heptaldehyde as the organic starting material the production of tetrakis(hydroxyheptyl)phosphonium chloride is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide.
- the reactor is initially charged with 150 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5 moles HCl and 5 moles H 2 O), 100 grams (0.875 mole) of heptaldehyde and 2.1 moles of tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. No catalyst is used.
- the reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the reactants and products to the atmosphere.
- the vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, with the addition of 0.21 moles of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (12.2 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. The reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
- the dark brown reaction solution is evaporated over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum, and the chloride salt product separated.
- phenylacetaldehyde as the organic starting material the production of tetrakis[hydroxy(phenylethyl)]phosphonium chloride is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide.
- the reactor is initially charged with 150 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5 moles HCl and 5 moles H 2 O, 0.875 moles of phenylacetaldehyde and 2.1 moles of tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. No catalyst is used.
- the reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the products to the atmosphere.
- the vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, with the addition of 0.21 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (12.2 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. The reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
- the dark brown reaction solution is evaported over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum, and the chloride product separated.
- Example 1 When the procedure of Example 1 is modified by a molar ratio of formaldehyde to the phosphorus (sodium phosphide in this example), at 6:1, or 8:1, or 10:1 the sole product remains tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride.
- Example 1 When the aluminum phosphide of Example 1 is substituted by equivalent proportions of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, gallium phosphide, or zinc phosphide, the reaction proceeds to the same product as in Example 1.
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Abstract
Substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride are prepared by reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide, and zinc phosphide, with an aldehyde having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the proportion of the aldehyde being at least 4 moles per gram atom of the phosphorus in the said phosphide. The reaction is conducted with at least one and a half moles of water per gram atom of phosphorus in the said phosphide and at least one mole of mineral acid being present per gram atom of phosphorus in the said phosphide, with or without a catalyst, and in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere. The products are fire retardants.
Description
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. More particularly the present invention is directed to a new method for the preparation of such compounds which avoids the difficulties of prior art processes such as the necessity for employing highly toxic and difficult to handle reactants, such as phosphine, as starting materials.
Other prior art processes for the production of phosphonium salts have employed phosphine, PH3, as the starting material, but this compound is dangerous and difficult to work with. Phosphine is a gas which ignites spontaneously when mixed with air, so that rigid safety precautions are necessary in employing phosphine in an industrial organic preparation.
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. More particularly the present invention is directed to a new method for the preparation of phosphonium salts which avoids the difficulties of prior art processes such as the necessity for employing highly toxic reactants, for example phosphine as the starting material.
Essentially the process yields the compound P[CH(OH)R]4 X in which the R is H or an alkyl, alkylaryl or aromatic radical of from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, by reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles, or preferably from 4 to 10 moles of an aldehyde having the formula RCHO, per gram atom of phosphorus, and at least 1, or preferably from 1 to 10 moles of a mineral acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus of the said phosphide. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from -10° C to 100° C, or preferably 0° C to 50° C, and still more preferably 0° C to 25° C, in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of phosphorus of the said metal phosphide. A preferred range of the water proportion is from 1.5 to 30 moles, and a more preferred range is from 1.5 to 10 moles.
It has now been found that substituted phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride may be readily prepared utilizing a metal phosphide of the aforesaid group. A preferred group is magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, and zinc phosphide as the starting material to provide a reactive source of phosphorus. The phosphides employed in the present invention are stable and safe materials, easy to work with, and readily available on the commercial market, or prepared from the corresponding metal e.g. aluminum or zinc reacted with elemental phosphorus, with the metal phosphide being provided in particulate form, e.g. particles of 0.01 to 10 mm diameter. The aforesaid metal phosphides are also surprisingly active.
In particular, the present invention, making use of metallic phosphides as the phosphorus source, avoids the necessity for the use of phosphine. In the process of the invention, the metal phosphide undergoes reaction at the surface thereof to form the desired products, so that the evolution of phosphine is avoided. The mechanism of the present reaction apparently proceeds without the formation of phosphine. The reaction may thus be conducted with simple low-pressure equipment. Gaseous phosphine, which is well-known to ignite spontaneously when it is mixed with air, is not evolved from the reaction mixture.
Organic reactants which are employed in the present invention for the preparation of phosphonium salts are aldehydes having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferred aldehydes are the alkyl and alkylaryl compounds of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and also having substituents such as --CN, --Br and --Cl groups optionally present.
The general formula for the aldehyde starting material is RCHO, where R is an alkyl, alkylaryl, or aromatic group of 1 to 11 carbon atoms. Examples of such organic starting materials for the present process include phenylacetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and decanal. Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde may also be employed. The products obtained when using aromatic aldehydes as starting material undergo rearrangement.
The aldehydes are employed in the proportion of at least 4 or preferably 4 to 10 moles per gram atom of the phosphorus of the metal phosphide. However, an excess of the aldehyde may be employed as a solvent, for example, 20 moles of acetaldehyde per gram atom of phosphorus.
The general chemical reaction exemplified by the use of aluminum phosphide with formaldehyde as the aldehyde is shown below. Hydrobromic acid is here shown as a representative acid, preferably used in excess, forming the bromide salt.
AlP + 4 CH.sub.2 O + HBr .sup.H.sbsp.2.sup.O P(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.4 Br + Al(OH).sub.3
the products of the reaction are separated by conventional means such as filtration from the inorganic residue, or by solvent extraction. An advantage of the present process is that insoluble hydroxides of certain metals are formed; substantially the only soluble organic product is a good yield of the phosphonium salt.
The present reaction for the production of organo-substituted phosphonium salts with the aforesaid ratios of reactants avoids the formation of unstable compounds such as tetra(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium hydroxide which would decompose to phosphine oxides.
Other acids which may be employed to produce the present phosphonium salts include the mineral acids, generally, for example, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydriodic acid as well as hydrobromic acid. The proportion of acid is at least 1 mole of acid, and preferably from 1 to 10 moles per gram atom of phosphorus of the metal phosphide. It is desirable to have at least one mole of acid present to form the organo phosphonium salts, which are soluble, and easy to separate.
A catalyst is optional in the present process. The compounds of Group VIII metals, e.g. iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum employed as salts, and complexes, e.g. chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, phosphates or nitrates, for example iron chloride, cobalt bromide, nickel cyanide, as well as sodium chloroplatinate accelerate the reaction but are not essential. The proportion of catalyst is not critical, and may vary broadly, such as from 0.01 to 1% by weight of the reaction mixture.
The pressure imposed on the system is not a critical factor and may vary from vacuum conditions to atmospheric and superatmospheric pressures, e.g. 10 atmospheres. Because of the oxygen sensitivity of the reaction it is essential to use an inert gas atmosphere or stream such as hydrogen, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide in the reactor to prevent oxidation.
A solvent is also optional in conducting the reaction in order to provide better mixing of the organic component with the particulate metal phosphide. Examples of solvents which are inert include acetonitrile, benzonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and other water soluble organic solvents. Proportions of the solvent are not critical, e.g. from 1 to 10 moles per mole of the aldehyde starting material. If desired an excess of the aldehyde reactant may also be used as a solvent.
The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the invention but are not limitative of the scope of the invention.
The preparation of organo substituted phosphonium salts based upon the use of formaldehyde is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide. The reactor is initially charged with 170 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.7 moles HCl and 5.95 moles H2 O), 171 grams of 37.1% formaldehyde (2.1 moles formaldehyde and 6 moles water) and as a catalyst 0.5 grams sodium chloroplatinate.
The reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere. The vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, during the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (29 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. It is apparent that the reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
The dark brown reaction solution is evaporated over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum. The product is extracted with 2-propanol.
In order to purify the product, the crude material is recrystallized from 2-propanol. From this solution the white crystalline solid product is obtained, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, P(CH2 OH)4 Cl, melting point 151°-152° C (literature value, 151° C.)
The reaction also leads to the same product when no catalyst is employed.
The phosphonium salts of the present invention are all useful as fire retardant additives, for example with cotton. For this purpose an add-on of 5-10%, for instance 10%, by weight relative to the cotton is applied from an aqueous solution, e.g. the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. This treatment improves the fire-retardancy of the cotton. In order to obtain a wash-resistant product, the treated cotton is subjected to ammonia(or an amine such as methylamine), and water washing treatments.
The preparation of tetrakis(hydroxyethyl)phosphonium iodide based upon the use of acetaldehyde is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for sodium phosphide. The reactor is initially charged with 4 moles of concentrated hydriodic acid, 4 moles acetaldehyde and 6 moles water, and as a catalyst 0.5 grams nickel iodide.
The reactor is also supplied with an inert gas stream of nitrogen to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere. The vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C during the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) sodium phosphide over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature, and the product separated from the reaction mixture.
The preparation of tetrakis(hydroxybutyl)phosphonium bromide based upon the use of butyraldehyde is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for zinc phosphide. The reactor is initially charged with 2 moles of concentrated hydrobromic acid, 6 moles H2 O, 4 moles butyraldehyde and as a catalyst 0.5 grams rhodium chloride.
The reactor is also supplied with an argon stream to prevent exposure of the reaction mixture to the atmosphere. The vessel is maintained at a temperature below 45° C, with the addition of 1/2 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) zinc phosphide over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature, and the bromide salt product separated from the reaction mixture.
With heptaldehyde as the organic starting material the production of tetrakis(hydroxyheptyl)phosphonium chloride is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide. The reactor is initially charged with 150 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5 moles HCl and 5 moles H2 O), 100 grams (0.875 mole) of heptaldehyde and 2.1 moles of tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. No catalyst is used.
The reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the reactants and products to the atmosphere. The vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, with the addition of 0.21 moles of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (12.2 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. The reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
The dark brown reaction solution is evaporated over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum, and the chloride salt product separated.
With phenylacetaldehyde as the organic starting material the production of tetrakis[hydroxy(phenylethyl)]phosphonium chloride is conducted in a three-necked reaction vessel provided with a magnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser and feeding means for aluminum phosphide. The reactor is initially charged with 150 grams of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5 moles HCl and 5 moles H2 O, 0.875 moles of phenylacetaldehyde and 2.1 moles of tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. No catalyst is used.
The reactor is also supplied with a nitrogen stream to prevent exposure of the products to the atmosphere. The vessel is maintained at a temperature below 40° C, with the addition of 0.21 mole of finely divided (about 0.1 mm diameter) aluminum phosphide (12.2 grams) over a period of 2 hours with continued stirring. Agitation of the reaction mixture is conducted for 4 hours after which the vessel is cooled to room temperature. The reaction takes place on the surface of the metal phosphide particles so that there is no evolution of phosphine, nor is phosphoric acid formed.
The dark brown reaction solution is evaported over a steam bath and later subjected to a vacuum, and the chloride product separated.
When the procedure of Example 1 is modified by a molar ratio of formaldehyde to the phosphorus (sodium phosphide in this example), at 6:1, or 8:1, or 10:1 the sole product remains tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride.
When the aluminum phosphide of Example 1 is substituted by equivalent proportions of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, gallium phosphide, or zinc phosphide, the reaction proceeds to the same product as in Example 1.
The use of other Group VIII metal compound catalysts is also effective in the procedure of Example 1. Equivalent proportions of ferrous chloride, iridium bromide, cobalt iodide and ferric nitrate yield similar products to those of Example 1. Other mineral acids, e.g. sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acids used at equivalent proportions lead to the corresponding salts.
Claims (9)
1. A process for preparing the compound P[(CH(OH)R]4 X in which R is H or an alkyl or alkylaryl group of from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and X is the anion of a mineral acid, HX, which comprises reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide, and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles of an aldehyde having the formula RCHO, per gram atom of the phosphorus, and at least 1 mole of the said mineral acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus, at a temperature of from -10° C to 100° C in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of the phosphorus of the said metal phosphide.
2. A process for preparing the compound P[CH(OH)R]4 X in which R is H or an alkyl or alkylaryl group of from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and X is the anion of a mineral acid, HX, which comprises reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide, and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles of an aldehyde having the formula RCHO, per gram atom of the phosphorus, and from 1 to 10 moles of the said mineral acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus, at a temperature of from -10° C to 100° C in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of the phosphorus of the said metal phosphide.
3. A process for preparing tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, which comprises reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of lithium phosphide, sodium phosphide, potassium phosphide, beryllium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, strontium phosphide, barium phosphide, boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide, and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles of formaldehyde, per gram atom of the phosphorus, and from 1 to 10 moles of hydrochloric acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus, at a temperature of from -10° C to 100° C in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of the phosphorus of the said metal phosphide.
4. A process for preparing the compound P[CH(OH)R]4 X in which R is H or an alkyl group of from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and X is the anion of a mineral acid, HX, which comprises reacting a metal phosphide selected from the group consisting of magnesium phosphide, calcium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, and zinc phosphide, with at least 4 moles of an aldehyde having the formula RCHO, per gram atom of the phosphorus, and from 1 to 10 moles of the said mineral acid, per gram atom of the phosphorus, at a temperature of from -10° to 100° C in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and with at least one and a half moles of water being present per gram atom of phosphorus of the said metal phosphide.
5. A process according to claim 1 in which the aldehyde is formaldehyde.
6. A process according to claim 1 in which the aldehyde is acetaldehyde.
7. A process as in claim 1 in which the aldehyde is butyraldehyde.
8. A process as in claim 1 in which the aldehyde is heptaldehyde.
9. A process as in claim 1 in which the aldehyde is phenylacetaldehyde.
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CN109476680A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-03-15 | 北兴化学工业株式会社 | The manufacturing method of organic magnesium phosphide and manufacturing method, its complex compound and manufacturing method and the organic phosphorus compound using the phosphide |
US10619056B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-04-14 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Corrosion inhibitors and coating compositions containing the same |
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US2743299A (en) * | 1953-06-12 | 1956-04-24 | Francis F Flynn | Production of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride |
US2912466A (en) * | 1956-11-03 | 1959-11-10 | Hoechst Ag | Process for preparing quaternary phosphonium compounds |
US3007969A (en) * | 1957-01-12 | 1961-11-07 | Hoechst Ag | Process for preparing tetra-hydroxymethyl phosphonium hydroxide |
US3013085A (en) * | 1959-04-01 | 1961-12-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of preparing tetrakis (1-hydroxyalkyl) phosphonium salts |
US3243450A (en) * | 1963-12-26 | 1966-03-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Hydroxymethylphosphines and process for preparing the same |
US3666817A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-05-30 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride from phosphine and formaldehyde |
US3755457A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1973-08-28 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Preparation of tetrakis(alphahydroxyorgano)phosphonium acid salts from elemental phosphorus |
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1975
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US2743299A (en) * | 1953-06-12 | 1956-04-24 | Francis F Flynn | Production of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride |
US2912466A (en) * | 1956-11-03 | 1959-11-10 | Hoechst Ag | Process for preparing quaternary phosphonium compounds |
US3007969A (en) * | 1957-01-12 | 1961-11-07 | Hoechst Ag | Process for preparing tetra-hydroxymethyl phosphonium hydroxide |
US3013085A (en) * | 1959-04-01 | 1961-12-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of preparing tetrakis (1-hydroxyalkyl) phosphonium salts |
US3243450A (en) * | 1963-12-26 | 1966-03-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Hydroxymethylphosphines and process for preparing the same |
US3666817A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-05-30 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride from phosphine and formaldehyde |
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US10619056B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-04-14 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Corrosion inhibitors and coating compositions containing the same |
CN109476680A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-03-15 | 北兴化学工业株式会社 | The manufacturing method of organic magnesium phosphide and manufacturing method, its complex compound and manufacturing method and the organic phosphorus compound using the phosphide |
US10494390B2 (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-12-03 | Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Organic magnesium phosphide and manufacturing method thereof, organic magnesium phosphide complex and manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing method of organic phosphorus compound using said phosphide |
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