US3974344A - Electronic speech circuit for a central battery telephone set - Google Patents

Electronic speech circuit for a central battery telephone set Download PDF

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Publication number
US3974344A
US3974344A US05/549,664 US54966475A US3974344A US 3974344 A US3974344 A US 3974344A US 54966475 A US54966475 A US 54966475A US 3974344 A US3974344 A US 3974344A
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United States
Prior art keywords
impedance
amplifier
terminals
line
speech circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/549,664
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English (en)
Inventor
Laszlo Mersich
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/58—Anti-side-tone circuits
    • H04M1/585—Anti-side-tone circuits implemented without inductive element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
    • H04M9/08—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic speech circuit for a central battery set. More specifically, the invention relates to such a speech circuit which is designed as a Wheatstone bridge to obtain a favourable value of the sidetone attenuation of the set.
  • the amplifiers included in the above type of set for the amplification of speech currents require a DC-supply, for which reason the set together with other sets is connected to a common battery in the telephone exchange (central battery supply).
  • a maximum distance between the set and the exchange is defined which is determined by the highest allowable line resistance between the units which resistance with the exception of the line length, also is determined by the line resistance per km.
  • the resistance of the set i.e. total resistance of the set between the line terminals of the microphone amplifier and receiving amplifier, is not to high. The reason for this requirement is that the desired DC-supply to the set amplifiers could be obtained in spite of great line lengths and because the line relay included in the exchange demands certain current for its operation.
  • the existing line between the set and the exchange shows a certain frequency dependent attenuation due to its capacitive character.
  • speech signals with a high frequency for example, 3000 Hz will be more attenuated than signals with a lower frequency, for example, 300 Hz.
  • the attenuation for the different signal frequencies will be greater the longer the line is.
  • signals having the higher frequency must be amplified more than signals having the lower frequency.
  • the relationships will be analogous upon receiving, i.e., receiving signals having high frequency must be amplified more than signals having low frequency.
  • the speech circuit As a Wheatstone bridge to the obtain optimal value of the sidetone attenuation, i.e. the attenuation value for which the outgoing speech currents from the microphone amplifier of the set do not have disturbing influence on its loudspeaker telephone.
  • the DC-terminals of the receiver amplifier are connected directly to the line terminals of the speech circuits so that sufficient DC-voltage is obtained for long terminal lines between the set and exchange.
  • a drawback with this connection is that a choke coil must be connected in series with the receiver amplifier to block the self-transmitted signal going back to the receiver amplifier.
  • the DC-voltage drop across the set consists of partly the DC-voltage drop across the microphone amplifier and the DC-voltage drop across a bridge resistor, thus there is at least one diode voltage drop and the voltage drop across a resistor. It is further a drawback to connect diodes in the DC-path of a bridge arm because the impedance value of a diode varies with the DC-current through the same and may cause unbalance of the bridge for different line lengths.
  • An object of the present invention is to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks in speech circuits previously known and to obtain a speech circuit which presents as little resistance as possible for the incoming DC-voltage and which at the same time gives an optimal value of the sidetone attenuation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic speech circuit which shows a constant signal level for transmission and reception, the transmitting and receiving signal being independent of the frequency distorsion in the line attenuation.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a diagram of the speech circuit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the receiver amplifier and its connection to other elements in the speech circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the speech circuit according to the present invention which contains circuits for automatic level control.
  • FIG. 1 a speech circuit of the balanced Wheatstone bridge type is schematically indicated.
  • the incoming line L to the speech circuit is connected to the bridge at the points A and E, its characteristic impedance Zo forming the impedance in a bridge arm.
  • Z2 and Z3 two impedances are designated each of which constitutes an arm in the bridge. These impedances are in the present speech circuit chosen as pure resistances with low value, preferably about 20 ohm.
  • the outputs of the microphone amplifier F1 are connected, and to both the inputs of the amplifier the microphone M is connected.
  • the output impedance of the amplifier F1 is chosen high.
  • the microphone circuit is known per se for which reason it has not been shown more closely.
  • the receiver amplifier of the set is designated with F2 and its DC-voltage terminals are designated dc1, dc2, the telephone receiver H being connected to one of the terminals dc1.
  • both the DC-voltage terminals dc1 and dc2 of the receiver amplifier are connected so that one of them, dc1, is via the impedances Z2 and Z3 connected to one of the line terminals A and the other, dc2, is connected via the impedance Z4 to the other line terminal E.
  • the receiver amplifier F2 will be series supplied with the supply DC-voltage coming from the line.
  • the signal input of the amplifier F2 is connected directly to one of the line terminals A.
  • An incoming signal current flows in the following way: Point A, point s to the amplifier F2 and via the impedance Z4 to point E.
  • a capacitor C1 of relatively high capacitance has been connected between the points C and D to serve as decoupling for the outgoing signal from the set. Consequently the microphone signals will be decoupled and a choke coil to block them from amplifier F2 is not necessary.
  • the capacitor C1 has in addition the function of providing a time limited monitoring of tone signalling in the manner that charge energy is stored therein, which keeps a certain supply voltage to the receiver amplifier during a short time interval.
  • FIG. 2 a detailed embodiment of the circuit and receiver amplifier F2 is shown.
  • This consists in the shown embodiment of a transistor stage consisting of the transistor Tr the associated emitter resistor R7, and as a load the telephone receiver H.
  • the base resistor R5 has the purpose of providing a suitable operating point for the transistor Tr.
  • the resistor R6 is connected across the input terminals of the telephone receiver H for the compensation of its frequency depending impedance.
  • the signal input s of the amplifier is via the coupling capacitor C2 connected to the base of the transistor Tr, the capacitor blocking the DC-current component IDC of the line current coming to the terminal A. Across the DC-inputs dc1, dc2 of the amplifier, i.e.
  • the above mentioned capacitor C1 is connected, its capacitance being chosen high so that sufficient decoupling of the outgoing signals from the set is obtained.
  • the resistors R2 and R3 correspond to the bridge impedances Z2 and Z3 according to FIG. 1 which according to the above have been chosen resistive. Because the point C as regards signals is equivalent to the point D, a signal voltage drop will occur across the base-emitter circuit of the transistor, the input of which constitutes the input of the amplifier, and an amplified signal voltage occurs across the input of the telephone receiver H, FIG. 1.
  • the impedance Z4 consists of the resistor R9 in series with the parallel-connection of the resistor R8 and the capacitor C3 to simulate the line impedance Zo, whereby the bridge balance is obtained.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a diagram of an electronic speech circuit according to the present invention which contains circuits for automatic level control.
  • the speech circuit is formed by a Wheatstone bridge having bridge impedances Z2, Z3 and Z4, where the impedances Z2 and Z3 preferably consist of pure resistors.
  • the incoming line which is connected to the points A and E in the bridge has a characteristic impedance Zo.
  • the impedances Z2, Z3 and Z4 are in known manner dimensioned so that bridge balance is obtained.
  • the transmitter and receiver side of the speech circuit have been loaded with variable impedances Zs and Zm, respectively, the values of which are controlled by means of the line direct current.
  • the impedance Zs consists of a frequency independent part comprising the diode D1 in series with the resistors r1 and r2 which are connected to a resistor r3 in the direct current path of the amplifier F1. Across the resistor r1 a capacitor C3 is connected and forms together with this resistor the frequency dependent part of the load impedance Zs.
  • the impedance Zm consists of a frequency independent part comprising the diode D2 in series with the resistors r4 and r5, the series connection being connected to the signal input s of the loudspeaker amplifier F2, i.e. in parallel with the impedances Z2 and Z3.
  • the frequency dependent part of the load impedance Zm is formed by the capacitor C4 connected in parallel with the resistors r4.
  • the direct current I1 to the microphone amplifier F1 of the set gives rise to a direct voltage drop across the resistor r3 which via the small microphone resistance biases the diode D1.
  • This has as known a non-linear current-voltage characteristic, its impedance being high for low values of its bias voltage and low for high values of its bias voltage.
  • the direct current I1 is high (small line impedance), whereby the bias voltage is high and the load impedance consisting of the diode D1 and the resistor r1 is low. This implies that the signal voltage to the microphone amplifier F1 is highly attenuated.
  • the direct current I1 is low (high line impedance) and the impedance of the diode is high, for which reason the signal voltage will be less attenuated.
  • the load impedance contains a frequency dependent factor ##EQU1## which gives a frequency dependent contribution to the attenuation.
  • the frequency dependent factor dominates, for the impedance of the diode is small implying that signals having a high frequency are more attenuated than those having a low frequency.
  • the relationship will be the contrary, because then the impedance of the diode D1 is high and dominates over the frequency dependent factor in the load impedance Zs.
  • the resistance value of the resistor r2 determines the magnitude of the control range.
  • the frequency dependent and the frequency independent control of the receiving level by means of the load impedance Zm takes place principally in the same manner as by means of the load impedance Zs.
  • the diode D2 and the resistors r4, r5 represent a variable load whose impedance of which is controlled by the bias voltage across the impedances Z2 and Z3.
  • the bias voltage is high (Z2 and Z3 pure resistive) and the load impedance Zm is low, i.e. high attenuation of the incoming signal to the amplifier F2.
  • the impedance of the diode D2 is high and the attenuation of the incoming signal is low.
  • a frequency dependent factor in the load impedance Zm can be arranged by connecting the capacitor C4 in parallel with the resistor r4.
  • the proposed speech circuit is well suited for hybrid manufacture whereby an integrated circuit can be obtained which easily can be adapted to different requirements with small tolerances and high power endurance.
  • the volume of the circuit can be made small which makes it suitable and insensitive to mechanical influence.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
US05/549,664 1974-03-05 1975-02-13 Electronic speech circuit for a central battery telephone set Expired - Lifetime US3974344A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7402901A SE380699B (sv) 1974-03-05 1974-03-05 Elektronisk talkrets for en centralbatterimatad telefonapparat.
SW7402901 1974-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3974344A true US3974344A (en) 1976-08-10

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ID=20320413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/549,664 Expired - Lifetime US3974344A (en) 1974-03-05 1975-02-13 Electronic speech circuit for a central battery telephone set

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3974344A (it)
BR (1) BR7501102A (it)
CA (1) CA1011479A (it)
DK (1) DK139600B (it)
ES (1) ES435269A1 (it)
FI (1) FI750378A (it)
FR (1) FR2263648B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1493869A (it)
IT (1) IT1033427B (it)
NL (1) NL7502112A (it)
NO (1) NO134855C (it)
SE (1) SE380699B (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146753A (en) * 1976-12-03 1979-03-27 Cselt - Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Transmit/receive network for telephone-subscriber station
US4163878A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-08-07 Wescom, Inc. Electronic hybrid and hybrid repeater with bridge circuit
US4192978A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-03-11 Vincent Ogden W Operational amplifier hybrid system
US4718083A (en) * 1985-09-23 1988-01-05 Gte Communication Systems Corporation Differential receive booster amplifier for telephone instruments
US5577129A (en) * 1991-12-12 1996-11-19 Nec Corporation Amplifier circuit for electret condenser microphone

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462560A (en) * 1966-04-06 1969-08-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Subscriber telephone circuit with resistance hybrid sidetone balancing network
US3742153A (en) * 1970-09-03 1973-06-26 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Telephone circuit for sidetone balance and automatic transmission level adjustment
US3748400A (en) * 1969-04-15 1973-07-24 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for attenuation compensation in telecommunication subscriber stations

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462560A (en) * 1966-04-06 1969-08-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Subscriber telephone circuit with resistance hybrid sidetone balancing network
US3748400A (en) * 1969-04-15 1973-07-24 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for attenuation compensation in telecommunication subscriber stations
US3742153A (en) * 1970-09-03 1973-06-26 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Telephone circuit for sidetone balance and automatic transmission level adjustment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146753A (en) * 1976-12-03 1979-03-27 Cselt - Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Transmit/receive network for telephone-subscriber station
US4163878A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-08-07 Wescom, Inc. Electronic hybrid and hybrid repeater with bridge circuit
US4192978A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-03-11 Vincent Ogden W Operational amplifier hybrid system
US4718083A (en) * 1985-09-23 1988-01-05 Gte Communication Systems Corporation Differential receive booster amplifier for telephone instruments
US5577129A (en) * 1991-12-12 1996-11-19 Nec Corporation Amplifier circuit for electret condenser microphone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7501102A (pt) 1975-12-02
CA1011479A (en) 1977-05-31
SE7402901L (it) 1975-09-08
ES435269A1 (es) 1976-12-16
NO134855B (it) 1976-09-13
NL7502112A (nl) 1975-09-09
FR2263648A1 (it) 1975-10-03
IT1033427B (it) 1979-07-10
FI750378A (it) 1975-09-06
DK86475A (it) 1975-11-03
GB1493869A (en) 1977-11-30
DK139600B (da) 1979-03-12
NO750717L (it) 1975-09-08
DK139600C (it) 1979-08-27
SE380699B (sv) 1975-11-10
FR2263648B1 (it) 1979-03-02
NO134855C (it) 1976-12-29

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